Light scattering in layered media on iduced dipoles

September 25, 2012

Induced dipole moment of small spherical particles

The induced dipole moment of a small particle compared to the wavelength: p = 0 m,r E(r0 ), (1)

where 0 is the vacuum permittivity, m,r is the relative permittivity ot the medium surrounding the particle, E(r0 ) is the electric eld dened at the center (r0 ) of the particle. is the polarizability of the particle dened for a sphere as: = 4r3 sp m , sp + 2m (2)

where r is the radius of the sphere, sp is the permittivity of the sphere. The dipole moment corresponds to a pointwise current dened by: j(r) = i(r r0 )p (3)

Light scattering in homogeneous medium

In the case of homogeneous medium the electric eld at the particle is dened by the incident wave. E(r0 ) = Einc (r0 ) (4)

The scattered eld can be calculated with the help of the homogeneous space Greens tensor Gh (r, r ). 2 (5) Esc (r) = 2 0 Gh (r, r0 )p = 2 m,r Gh (r, r0 )Einc (r0 ), c The total eld outside the particle can be expressed as the sum of the incident and scattered eld. E(r) = Einc (r) + Esc (r) 1 (6)

Light scattering in layered medium

In the case of layered medium the dipole emits electromagnetic radiation which is reected by the layers of structure. Thus the scattered eld is the sum of the emitted direct eld and the reected eld. In this case the driving electric eld at the particle is dened by sum of the incident and reected waves. p = 0 m E(r0 ) = 0 m Einc (r0 ) + Eref l (r0 ) (7)

Eref l (r0 ) = i0 Gl (r0 , r0 )J0 Edir (r0 ) = = i0 Gl (r0 , r0 )J0 = 2 0 Gl (r0 , r0 )p

(8)

Note, that even though the scattered eld is divergent at the source position, the reected part is not. Only the driving part contains divergence. Combining eqs 7 and 8:
2 p =0 m I 2 m Gl (r0 , r0 ) c = E (r ) 0 m inc 0 1

Einc (r0 ) (9)

where is dened by = 1 2 I 2 m Gl (r0 , r0 ) c

1

(10)

With this the scattered eld can be calculated: Esc (r) = 2 0 Gl (r, r0 )p = =
2 2 Gl (r, r0 )m I 2 m Gl (r0 , r0 ) 2 c c 2 = 2 Gl (r, r0 )m Einc (r0 ) c 1

Einc (r0 ) (11)

4
4.1

Calculating power
Parseval-identity

Denition of Fourier-transform (used by me): 1 g(x) = 2

g (k)eikx dk

(12)

g (k) =

g(x)eikx dx

(13)

1 2

g (k)h (k)dk =

g(x)h (x)dx

(14)

1 2

|(k)| dk = g

|g(x)| dx

(15)

4.2

Scattered power

P =

Re(S) dA n

(16)

S=

1 E H 2

(17)

Integrating over an innite plane of direction z:

Re(Ey Hz Ez Hy )dxdy

1 P = 2

(18)

Let us expand the electric and magnetic eld in plane waves: 1 4 2 2 2 2 E(kx , ky )eikx x+iky y+i k kx ky z dkx dky

E(x, y, z) =

(19)

H(x, y, z) =

1 4 2 0

k E(kx , ky )eikx x+iky y+i

2 2 k2 kx ky z

dkx dky

(20)

Using Parseval identity the power can be calculated with the Fourier-coecients:

1 1 P = 4 2 2

Re(Ey Hz Ez Hy )dkx dky =

2

1 1 = 2 2 4 0

E(kx , ky ) Re(kz )dkx dky

(21)

5
5.1

Multiple particles
Independent particles

In the case of many particles the scattered eld can be calculated as a sum of the contribution of each particle. E(r) = Einc (r) + 2 0
j

G(r, rj )pj

(22)

If the particles are treated as independent ones (i.e. the separation between them is suciently large), the dipole moment pj can be calculated with eq. 9. 2 m c2 G(r, rj ) Einc (rj )
j

E(r) = Einc (r) +

(23)

The scattered part in the spectral domain: 2 m c2 1 4 2 2 m c2 G(Kx , Ky , z, zj )eiK(r G(Kx , Ky , z, zj )eiK(r
j

Esc (r) =

rj, )

dKx dKy Einc (rj ) = Einc (rj )dKx dKy (24)

1 = 2 4

rj, )

Assuming that zj = z0 is the same for each particle: 1 2 m 4 2 c2 G(Kx , Ky , z, z0 )

j rj, )

Esc (r) =

eiK(r

Einc (rj )dKx dKy (25)

+ The incident wave is a planewave, Einc (r) = E0 eik0,z z + E0 eik0,z z eik0, + Dene: E0 = E0 eik0,z z0 + E0 eik0,z z0 .

Esc (r) = =

1 2 m 4 2 c2 1 2 m 4 2 c2

G(Kx , Ky , z, z0 ) E0
j

eiK(r

rj, ) ik0, rj,

dKx dKy =

G(Kx , Ky , z, z0 ) E0 eiKr
j

ei(k0,

K)rj,

dKx dKy (26)

The summation inside the integral can be converted using the Poisson summation formula: (2)2 A

ei(k0,
j

K)Rj

(k0, K Kj ),
j

(27)

where A is the volume of the unit cell, Kj represents vector in the reciprocal lattice. 1 4 2 2 m 4 2 A c2 = 1 2 m A c2 G(Kx , Ky , z, z0 ) E0 eiKr
j
,j r

(k0, K Kj )dKx dKy = (28)

G(kx,j , ky,j , z, z0 )eik

j

E0 ,

where k ,j = k0, Kj . In the case of large Kj vectors kz becomes evanescent and does not contribute to the far eld. In the particular case, when only k ,j = k0, gives nonevanescent waves, only the zeroth order will be transmitted and reected, moreover the scattered eld depends on the lattice parameters only through the A constant.

5.2

Taking multiple scattering into account

2 m c2

E(r) = Einc (r) +

G(r, rj ) E(rj )
j

(29)

Periodic arrangement, Bloch theorem: Ek (r) = eik r e(r), where e(r) is a 2D periodic function corresponding to the periodicity of the lattice. (k and r 2D vectors.) 2 m c2 G(r, rj ) ek (rj )eik
j

ek (r)eik

= Einc (r) +

rj,

(30)

Ek (r) = Einc (r) +

2 m c2

G(r, rj )eik
j

rj,

(31)

z position same for each particle. G(r, rj )eik

j rj,

=
rj, )

1 4 2

G(Kx , Ky , z, z0 )eiK(r
j

dKx dKy eik

rj,

1 = 2 4 1 = A G(Kx , Ky , z, z0 )eiKr
j

ei(k

K)rj,

dKx dKy = (32)

G(kx Kj,x , ky Kj,y , z, z0 )ei(k

j

Kj )r

Calculate e. Field at rk . 2 m c2 G(rk , rj ) e(rj )eik

j=k

ek (rk )eik

rk,

= Einc (rk ) +

rj,

(33)

Ie
ik rk,

2 2 m c

G(rk , rj ) eik
j=k rj,

e = Einc (rk )

(34)

k = 0 and r0, = 0. G(r0 , rj )eik

j=0 rj,

ei(k
j=0 K)rj,

1 = 4 2

G(Kx , Ky , z0 , z0 )

dKx dKy (35)

ei(k
j=0

K)rj,

=
j

ei(k

K)rj,

1=

(2)2 A

(k K Kj ) 1
j

(36)

G :=
j=0

G(r0 , rj )eik

rj,

= G(Kx , Ky , 0)dKx dKy (37)

1 A

1 G(kx Kx,j , ky Ky,j , 0) 2 4

e=

2 I 2 m G c

Einc (r0 )

(38)