VOCABULARY

As a Word-hoard or a store of words which is to be owned or treasured. Used in express ourselves and communicate with one another. The accuracy and clarity of message depends on the words have been choose.

Content Words Words with a specific meaning This words carry meaning even when they are not to used with other words. Content words include mainly nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Function Words These words have little meaning when they are used on their own Show grammatical realtionship and between sentences they have grammatical meaning. The, but, over are function words.

` WORDS AND MEANING

Denotations ( conceptual meaning or generally regarded as the central or core meaning of the word.

Connonations ( a word have certain emotional or attitudinal overtones. Some words ve positive or negative connotation while other words may be neutral.

Polysemy (A single word form but two or more meanings.

Homonymy ( Words are writteninthe same way and soundalike but have different meanings)

Hommophones ( Words that sound alike but are not spelt alike)

Homograph (Word are written in the same way but are pronounced differently.

PRINCIPLES OF MATERIALS SELECTION, ADAPTATION AND SIMPLIFICATION

Frequency Enough words for a learner to express the ideas he wants to express. The high frequency of a word does not mean it will be useful to a particular learner. It must be remembered that one vocabulary item may have more than one meaning, e.g. ring. o

Cultural Factors The word lists, were often compiled based on the language used by native speakers. ex : Word snow and spring more useful to an English speaker than to a Malaysian. Words which refer to features such as climate, landscape, food, clothing, customs, etc. and vary with different cultures will have to be determined by reference to local culture.

Studentrelated factors The teacher must also take into account more specific learner-related factors - is learner need. Further, you need also to consider the level of the learner i.e. beginning, intermediate or advanced, and the degree of his

motivation.

TECHNIQUES / STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING VOCABULARY

Visual Techniques

Translation

Vocabulary Techniques

Verbal Techniques

Dictionary Techniques

ASSESSING VOCABULARY

Formal Vocabulary Assessment

Test that are standardized and have been designed in a such way that reliability and validity are ensured. Test of vocabulary can sometimes be a part of placement test and proficiency test to measure the extent of vocabulary knowledge a learner has.

Informal Vocabulary Assessment

Not standardized and typically done as a formative test or a progress check to see if student make progress in learning specific words that we want to learn. Learner need to recycle the vocabulary from time to time by doing some kind of revision vocabulary activities.

Labeling

Translation Definition How Vocabulary is assessed Matching Multiple Choice Question

Yes/No List