Drama and play has very little differences.

Drama comes from the Greek word dran, literally translated as to do or to act. For definition, Drama has been defined variously. Drama is a composition in verse or prose which portrays life or character or a story usually involving conflicts and emotion through action and dialogue and designed for theatrical performance. The other definition of drama is a prose or verse composition, especially one telling a serious story which is intended for representation by actors who is performing the dialogue and action. From two different definition above, we can take a line that drama is a prose or verse that telling a story which is performed by actors through action and dialogue. Drama itself has a lot of forms. Opera is a dramatic art form which combines both music and theatre. An opera is a play set to music. The words are sung and sometimes presented in dialogue that resembles conversation but sounds like singing. The other form of drama is pantomime. Pantomime is a wordless drama, Use of body movements and facial expressions by actors to convey a message without speaking. This form of drama is no need a lot of dialogue. Pantomime delivers the story to the audience with movement or body language of mime. Pantomime is often a comedy drama. Pantomime is also a musical-comedy theatrical. In the other hand, play is a type of theater. A play is a form of literature written by a playwright, usually consisting of scripted dialogue between characters, intended for theatrical performance rather than reading. The term play can refer to both the written works of playwrights and to their complete theatrical performance. Play itself has several genres. Comedy is plays which are designed to be humorous, happy ending play. Farce a generally nonsensical genre of play, often overacted and involve slapstick humor. Satire is a play which takes a comic look at current events and famous people while at the same time attempting to make a political or social statement; literary work that attacks or pokes fun at vices and imperfections; political cartoon that does the same. Tragedy is a play which often involves death and designed to cause the viewer to feel sadness. Historical is play which focuses on actual historical events, can be tragedies, comedies, but is often neither of these. In 1959, there is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway. Lorraine Hansberry was the first black woman play writer that her work is produced on Broadway. The title of her play comes from the Langston Hughes poem Harlem (also known as A Dream Deffered). This play is performed by several name such as Sidney Poitier, Claudia McNeil, Ruby Dee, Diana Sands, Ivan Dixon, Glynn Turman, John Fiedler, Lonne Elder III, Ed Hall, Douglas Turner Ward, and Luois Gossett Jr. 1

A raisin in the sun is ever filmed at 1961 and 2008. The 1961 version is starring by several original play cast such as Sidney Poitier, Claudia McNeil, Ruby Dee, Diana Sands, Ivan Dixon, John Fiedler, and several new cast such as Stephen Perry, Louis Gossett, Joel Fluellen, Roy Glenn, Louis Terrel. In 1961 version, there are several differences from the original play. One difference is that in the movie, Lena Younger (Claudia McNeil) gives Walter $6,500 in a bar. In the play, this is done in their apartment (the only setting throughout the play). The scene where Walter tells Lena that the liquor store is important to him is in Lena's bedroom, while in the play, it's shown in the living room. Asagai is portrayed as Beneatha's teacher in the movie, while in the play, it is not specified. In the other hand, the 2008 version is very completely as good as the play. In 2008 version, this drama film is starring by several name such as Sean Combs, Audra McDonald, Phylicia Rashad, Sanaa Lathan, Sean Patrick Thomas, Justin Martin, David Oyelowo, Bill Nunn, and John Stamos. A raisin in the sun 2008 has several things that can be reviewed. As in its original play, this drama film has setting, plot, character, characterization, and thought (theme). All above is the intrinsic element of a drama film. First intrinsic element of a drama film is setting. In this movie, we can see different place in every segment. But almost a lot of act is commonly happen in Youngers house, especially in their living room. A raisin in the sun has very interesting plot. This film portrays a few weeks in the life of the Youngers, an African-American family living on the South Side of Chicago in the 1950s. When the play opens, the Youngers are about to receive an insurance check for $10,000. This money comes from the deceased Mr. Youngers life insurance policy. Each of the adult members of the family has an idea as to what he or she would like to do with this money. The matriarch of the family, Mama, wants to buy a house to fulfill a dream she shared with her husband. Mamas son, Walter Lee, would rather use the money to invest in a liquor store with his friends. He believes that the investment will solve the familys financial problems forever. Walters wife, Ruth, agrees with Mama, however, and hopes that she and Walter can provide more space and opportunity for their son, Travis. Finally, Beneatha, Walters sister and Mamas daughter, wants to use the money for her medical school tuition. She also wishes that her family members were not so interested in joining the white world. Beneatha instead tries to find her identity by looking back to the past and to Africa. As the film progresses, the Youngers clash over their competing dreams. Ruth discovers that she is pregnant but fears that if she has the child, she will put more financial pressure on 2

her family members. When Walter says nothing to Ruths admission that she is considering abortion, Mama puts a down payment on a house for the whole family. She believes that a bigger, brighter dwelling will help them all. This house is in Clybourne Park, an entirely white neighborhood. When the Youngers future neighbors find out that the Youngers are moving in, they send Mr. Lindner, from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association, to offer the Youngers money in return for staying away. The Youngers refuse the deal, even after Walter loses the rest of the money ($6,500) to his friend Willy Harris, who persuades Walter to invest in the liquor store and then runs off with his cash. The Youngers eventually move out of the apartment, fulfilling the familys long-held dream. Their future seems uncertain and slightly dangerous, but they are optimistic and determined to live a better life. They believe that they can succeed if they stick together as a family and resolve to defer their dreams no longer. There are 10 main characters in drama film a raisin in the sun 2008. Walter Lee Young (played by Sean Combs), Beneatha Younger (played by Sanaa Lathan), Ruth Younger (played by Audra McDonald), Lena Younger (played by Phylicia Rashad), Travis Younger (played by Justin Martin), Bobo (played by Bill Nunn), Joseph Asagai (played by David Oyelowo), Willy Harris (played by Ron C. Jones), George Murchison (played by Sean Patrick Thomas), Carl Lindner (played by John Stamos). Characters and characterization are therefore important in any given plot. Characters give meaning to the plot and characterization gives meaning to the characters. Here is the character and characterization list; 1. Walter Lee Younger is the protagonist of the play. Walter is a dreamer. He wants to be rich and devises plans to acquire wealth with his friends, particularly Willy Harris. When the play opens, he wants to invest his fathers insurance money in a new liquor store venture. He spends the rest of the play endlessly preoccupied with discovering a quick solution to his familys various problems. 2. Beneatha Bennie Younger is Lena Youngers daughter and Walters sister. Beneatha is an intellectual. Twenty years old, she attends college and is better educated than the rest of the Younger family. Some of her personal beliefs and views have distanced her from conservative Mama. She dreams of being a doctor and struggles to determine her identity as a well-educated black woman. 3. Ruth Younger is Walters wife and Traviss mother. Ruth takes care of the Youngers small apartment. Her marriage to Walter has problems, but she hopes to rekindle their love. She is about thirty, but her weariness makes her seem older. Constantly fighting poverty and domestic troubles, she continues to be an 3

emotionally strong woman. Her almost pessimistic pragmatism helps her to survive. 4. Lena Mama Younger is Walter and Beneathas mother. She wants to use her husbands insurance money as a down payment on a house with a backyard to fulfill her dream for her family to move up in the world. The matriarch of the family, Mama is religious, moral, and maternal. She is very religious, it shown when she slap her daughter because Bennie doubt about the existence of god. 5. Travis Younger is Walter and Ruths sheltered young son. Travis earns some money by carrying grocery bags and likes to play outside with other neighborhood children, but he has no bedroom and sleeps on the living-room sofa. 6. Bobo is one of Walters partners in the liquor store plan. Bobo appears to be as mentally slow as his name indicates. He is careless people, he give all his money to Willy Harris for nothing. 7. Joseph Asagai is A Nigerian student in love with Beneatha. Asagai, as he is often called, is very proud of his African heritage, and Beneatha hopes to learn about her African heritage from him. He eventually proposes marriage to Beneatha and hopes she will return to Nigeria with him. He is an interesting person, it shown when he tried to seduce Beneatha. He ask for a date, then ask Bennis phone number, after Bennie give him his phone number, he tear the paper because he remember all the important thing for him. 8. Willy Harris is a friend of Walter and coordinator of the liquor store plan. Willy never appears onstage, which helps keep the focus of the story on the dynamics of the Younger family. 9. George Murchison is a wealthy, African-American man who courts Beneatha. The Youngers approve of George, but Beneatha dislikes his willingness to submit to white culture and forget his African heritage. He challenges the thoughts and feelings of other black people through his arrogance and flair for intellectual competition. 10. Mr. Karl Lindner is white character in the play. Mr. Lindner arrives at the Youngers apartment from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association. He offers the Youngers a deal to reconsider moving into his (all-white) neighborhood. Another intrinsic element of drama film is theme or thought. The first theme on A Raisin in the Sun is about the value and purpose of dreams, A Raisin in the Sun is essentially about dreams, as the main characters struggle to deal with the oppressive circumstances that rule their lives. Every member of the Younger family has a 4

separate, individual dreamBeneatha wants to become a doctor, for example, and Walter wants to have money so that he can afford things for his family. By the end of the play, they learn that the dream of a house is the most important dream because it unites the family. The second theme in a raisin in the sun is the needs to fight racial discrimination; the character of Mr. Lindner makes the theme of racial discrimination prominent in the plot as an issue that the Youngers cannot avoid. The governing body of the Youngers new neighborhood, the Clybourne Park Improvement Association, sends Mr. Lindner to persuade them not to move into the all-white Clybourne Park neighborhood. Mr. Lindner and the people he represents can only see the color of the Younger familys skin, and his offer to bribe the -Youngers to keep them from moving threatens to tear apart the Younger family and the values for which it stands. Ultimately, the Youngers respond to this discrimination with defiance and strength. The movie powerfully demonstrates that the way to deal with discrimination. The third theme is the importance of family. The Youngers struggle socially and economically but unite in the end to realize their dream of buying a house. Mama strongly believes in the importance of family, and she tries to teach this value to her family as she struggles to keep them together and functioning. Walter and Beneatha learn this lesson about family at the end of the play, when Walter must deal with the loss of the stolen insurance money and Beneatha denies Walter as a brother. Even facing such trauma, they come together to reject Mr. Lindners racist overtures. They are still strong individuals, but they are now individuals who function as part of a family. When they begin to put the family and the familys wishes before their own, they merge their individual dreams with the familys overarching dream.

Bibliografi http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net Butcher S.H. (2005) Poetics by Aristotle: From www.libertyonline.hypermall.com Huber R.C. (2005) Drama Page: From www.afronoid.tripod.com Iwuchukwu L.V. (1999) The Essentials of Literature in English: Lagos, The Poet Books. From www.artslasu.org Brockett O.G.(1980) The Essential Theatre:New York , Holt, Rinhert and Winston. From www.artslasu.org Jacobus L.A. (1996) The Compact Bedford Introduction to Drama: Boston , Bedford Books. From www.artslasu.org Windapo O.O. (2000) Introduction to Drama Minor: Ibadan, Joytal Press. From www.artslasu.org http://www.imdb.com http://www.sparknotes.com

INTRO TO THE LITERATTURE INTRINSIC ELEMENT OF A RAISIN IN THE SUN

By EDY BUDI WINARDI PBI IV C / 08321.101

THE DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH TEACHING THE FACULTY OF LETTER AND ARTS EDUCATION IKIP PGRI MADIUN 2010