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South Africa
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Contents

1 Overview 2 Vital Information 3 Government Agencies o 3.1 Department of Foreign Affairs o 3.2 DFA Public Diplomacy Unit o 3.3 Strategy Coordination and Project Management o 3.4 The International Marketing Council of South Africa 4 Media Relations 5 Public Diplomacy Activities and Initiatives o 5.1 The Rainbow Nation 6 2010 Soccer World Cup 7 Brand South Africa o 7.1 Investment Promotion o 7.2 Tourism Promotion o 7.3 Marketing Materials o 7.4 Internal Promotion 8 Other Public Diplomacy Activities o 8.1 International Media Forum o 8.2 16 Days of Activism o 8.3 South Africa Day o 8.4 Heritage Month 9 Continuing Obstacles and Conclusion 10 South Africa in the News 11 Further Reading 12 References

Overview

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South Africa has seen one of the most dramatic transformations of international image and reputation in recent history. Until 1994 the nation was governed under apartheid rule, and was

widely condemned internationally for its violation of civil liberties and widespread racial violence. Since becoming fully democratic, however, South Africa has emerged as an international symbol of progress and leadership on the African continent. Building on its political and social transformation, South Africa continues to cultivate an image as a moral and political model for the rest of the Africa, and as a powerful political player in the global realm.

Vital Information

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Capital: Pretoria Population: 43,786,115 (July 2008 est.) Government type: Republic [1]

Government Agencies
Department of Foreign Affairs

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South Africas Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) is responsible for managing and coordinating international interactions to serve the best interests of the nation. The department explicitly lists the following mission objectives:[2]

Through bilateral and multilateral interactions protect and promote South African national interests and values Conduct and coordinate South Africas international relations and promote its foreign policy objectives Monitor international developments and advise government on foreign policy and related domestic matters Protect South Africas sovereignty and territorial integrity Contribute to the formulation of international law and enhance respect for the provisions thereof Promote multilateralism to secure a rules-based international system Maintain a modern, effective and excellence driven department

Provide consular services to South African nationals abroad Provide a world class and uniquely South African State Protocol service

DFA Public Diplomacy Unit

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A subdivision of the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Public Diplomacy unit focuses specifically on developing South Africas reputation both at home and internationally. In its 2006-2007 report, the unit defined its responsibilities according to the following functions:

Project a positive image of South Africa Communicate an understanding of South Africas foreign policy goals, positions achievements and programs at home and abroad Provide an effective support system for state visits Provide an effective ceremonial events management system, as well as facilitate conferences and other official gatherings Facilitate diplomatic interaction

Strategy Coordination and Project Management

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A sub-directorate of the Strategy Coordination and Operations Center, which is responsible for providing media monitoring services to the Minister, the Project Management units mandate incorporates the following:

Overseeing development of a public diplomacy strategy and implementation thereof in South Africa and in foreign countries through South African missions Creating synergy between the DFA and other relevant role-players in the marketing of South Africa Providing project management services for cross-cutting public diplomacy projects

The International Marketing Council of South Africa

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The Council manages Brand South Africa, developing marketing campaigns and providing resources for the promotion of the nation at home and abroad.

Media Relations

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Effective media relations and management represent an integral part of any public diplomacy program, and South Africa has embraced the media as a platform for dialogue and the

Minister Dr. Nkosazana Diamini Zuma during a live broadcast of the DFA Budget Vote in 2007 Added by Sdemetri projection of a positive national image. To this end, the nation employs a number of agencies, serving as subdivisions of the Public Diplomacy unit, whose mandate is specifically tailored to deal with media-related issues and opportunities. A 24-hour operations center gathers international news reports around the clock, serving both as an early warning system for major international crises or developments and as a constant gauge of South Africas standing in the world. Supplementing the 24-Hour Operations Center, the International News Scan regularly provides updates on political, diplomatic and economic developments, monitors the opinions of world leaders, and tracks developments in major International Organizations such as the United Nations, African Union and South African Development Community. Particular attention is paid to coverage of South Africas Department of Foreign Affairs as a broad measure of local and foreign public opinion. The information compiled by these news-analysis units is ultimately communicated to top-level South African officials around the world so that they can be prepared to deliver timely and appropriate responses to international developments as they occur. In addition to news gathering and analysis, the Public Diplomacy Unit also provides speechwriting services, assisting officials to present a positive image at media events. In 2006, for instance, the unit contributed to speeches at the International Conference on Women and Economic Recovery in Africa, the 9th Joint Bilateral Commission between South Africa and Iran, as well as numerous other conferences, lectures, and speeches. The departments Media Liaison Unit also organizes frequent press conferences and media briefings to inform the nation and the world at large about South Africas endeavors internationally and [enhance] the countrys stature internationally. Each of these speeches and presentations are carefully designed to present South Africa in the most positive light, often emphasizing the nations leadership role on the African continent, as when the nation led the Burundi Peace Talks in 2008. The Public Diplomacy Unit also emphasizes use of non-traditional media, specifically by intensifying use of the internet as a public diplomacy tool. In 2006 the unit focused efforts towards developing the Department of Foreign Affairs official website into an appealing and interactive source of information for both South African nationals and the international community at large.[3]

Public Diplomacy Activities and Initiatives

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The Rainbow Nation

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We enter into a covenant that we shall build a society in which all South Africans, both black and white, will be able to walk tall without any fear in their hearts, assured of their inalienable right to human dignity a Rainbow Nation, at peace with itself and with the world -Nelson Mandela Inauguration Speech: May 10, 1994[4] The most famous and ambitious public diplomacy project initiated by South Africa is the reinvention of its image in the aftermath of apartheid. Following the first fully-democratic elections in 1994, and the subsequent inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the nations first black president, the country began an intensive reconstruction of identity, with an emphasis on equality and respect among the nations diverse populations. Of course, major policy changes were the nations real revolution, but in terms of broadcasting the governments new mission statement and strengthening confidence in South Africas transformation, public diplomacy was at the forefront of the governments strategy. The concept of the Rainbow Nation was first coined by Archbishop Desmond Tutu and became the rallying call of the new governments attempt to unite the fractured nation. The catchphrase was just one part of a larger process of reinvention, however - one element in the wide range of symbolic acts that became hugely important as an affirmation of the nations transformation and the implications both for its citizens and for the world. Symbols such as the establishment of a new national anthem and a redesigned national flag became the cornerstone of South Africas campaign of reinvention. The significance of the flag, for instance, is described by the government in the following manner: The central design of the flag, beginning at the flagpost in a 'V' form and flowing into a single horizontal band to the outer edge of the fly, can be interpreted as the convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity. The theme of convergence and unity ties in with the motto Unity is Strength of the previous South African Coat of Arms. [5]

In 1996 Marilyn Martin, Director of Art at the Iziko Museums of Cape Town, wrote of the momentum and power of such symbolism: A new constitution is being instituted, the new flag is everywhere on buildings, vehicles, lapels, ties, key rings, caps and clothing, it is painted on faces and exploited for advertising everything from film to motor cars. The national anthems are being sung,in as many as five languages, on every possible occasion. Old symbols are disappearing or are finding new meaning and acceptance, for example the Springbok, symbol of white rugby

in the old South Africa, is owned by millions after the victory of the victory of the South African rugby team in the 1995 World Cup. [6]

Archbishop Desmond Tutu, chair of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, reacts to testimony about crimes committed during the apartheid era in South Africa. (Sunday Times Photo) Added by Sdemetri In addition to the establishment of such tangible symbols, the government initiated political and social projects intended to develop its image as a unifying force, stressing the need for cooperation and progress rather than retribution. At the forefront of this effort was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), established as a forum for the redress of the crimes and tensions of the apartheid era. Headed by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the court-like body recorded thousands upon thousands of statements by victims of human rights abuses and granted amnesty to those who confessed committing politically-motivated crimes. The message, as expressed by then-president Mandela, was that only the truth can put the past to rest, and honesty and cooperation, rather than retribution, were the way towards unity and progress.[7]The media was extensively utilized as the promotional tool for the initiative. TRC Deputy Chairman Alex Boraine acknowledged this dynamic, saying: The TRC owes a huge debt to the media of South Africa. Without coverage in newspapers and magazines and without the account of proceedings on TV screens and without the voice of the TRC being beamed through radio across the land, its work would be disadvantaged and immeasurable poorer'. It is very likely that the success of the TRC was partly a result of the media attention. The TRC depended on the media to communicate its message to the nation, and therefore the media were given a central position in the work of the TRC,right from the start. All public hearings were recorded by the media, both on audio and on video-tape. Radio and television transmitted a couple of hours each day of live TRC footage, and summaries of the day's events were given in the news and in special programmes. Also coverage by the written press was extensive, as articles on the TRC appeared almost daily.The TRC itself was well aware of the media importance and the Commission regularly issued press releases on hearings, amnesty decisions and other relevant information.[8] The marketing aspect was certainly effective, with national and foreign press producing extensive coverage of the proceedings. Internationally, the commission was widely extolled for

its focus on unity and reconciliation, and was generally "seen by the world as a 'compelling drama of confession, suffering and sometimes repentance.'" [9] In a 1996 article headlined A Healing Truth in South Africa, the New York Times demonstrated clear support of the commission: No country can truly put dictatorship behind it until the victims can hear an official acknowledgment of their suffering and the state's role in it, and society learns how the dictatorship worked and how it won the complicity of ordinary citizens. South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission promises to go further than its predecessors toward those goals and its nation's healing.[10] In 2008, the United Nations underscored international respect for the system when it recommended that Kenya implement a commission based on the South African model to investigate a burst violence following political elections. Despite being largely praised abroad, many South Africans saw the project as a weak stand that turned a blind eye, if not quite validated, the horrors of apartheid. Fueling this anger was the fact that while thousands of South Africans admitted guilt and were granted amnesty, very few top officials of the apartheid regime participated or were held accountable. Former president F.W. de Klerk, for instance, issued a statement of general apology, saying "I and many other leading figures in our party have already publicly apologized for the pain and suffering caused by former policies of the National Party. I reiterate these apologies," but stopped short of admitting any personal guilt or responsibility. [11] This disparity fostered a great deal of unrest among South Africans who felt they had been denied justice, particularly as many other leading figures of apartheid refused to participate in the commission in any capacity at all. Additionally, many argued that the project was founded upon Christian values of forgiveness that alienated and angered non-Christian South Africans.[12] In 2000, Hugo Van der Merwe, from The Center for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, addressed concerns about the commissions efficacy, admitting its flaws but defending its overall integrity: There are, I think, serious problems with the way the TRC was conceptualized and implemented. There has been a lot of understandable anger at the TRC as a whole and ::particularly from sections of society who want perpetrators punished [Nevertheless] the success is firstly in terms of truth. The truth commission has established a fairly comprehensive official record of the past...This agreement about the past is an important and fundamental basis for reconciliation.[13] Overall, the international community at large seems to share in Van der Merwes assessment, and the symbolic resonance of the Commissions commitment to peaceful reconciliation remains one of the most powerful associations with South Africa. The symbolic resonance of the TRC and the Rainbow Nation campaign combined ultimately served to successfully recreate the international image of South Africa in a newly positive light. This establishment of cooperation and unity as the definitive qualities associated with the nation created the foundation on which future public diplomacy initiatives were based.

2010 Soccer World Cup

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Named host of the sporting event in May of 2004, South Africa has seized the opportunity to use the 2010 Soccer World Cup as a platform to raise it international standing and broadcast its assets to the world. The very fact that South Africa was awarded the honor makes an important statement in itself: The choice of South Africa to play host to the worlds most popular sporting event represents a drastic shift in the perception of the country as it celebrates a decade of democracy. From 1964 until 1992, South Africa was banned from participating both in the World Cup and the Olympics because of the discriminatory policies of apartheidNelson Mandela, whose 27 years of imprisonment provided the moral force behind the dismantling of apartheid and the emergence of democracy, held the World Cup trophy aloft at a news conference in Zurich and said that he felt like a young man of 50 [14] Since being awarded the hosting rights, the government has begun an extensive campaign to attract interest in the tournament and develop the nations public image. The implications of the event are highly significant, not only symbolically, but also at the economic level: officials predicted that the World Cup would add several billion dollars to the economy and create about 150,000 jobs, moving the nation closer to the Millennium Development Goals for 2014, which would in turn improve the image of South Africa as a fully developed and modernized country. [15] In its push to promote the World Cup in correspondence with the nation as a whole, the government is advertising the event as an opportunity not only to show off South Africas offerings and increase its international presence, but also to raise interest in the continent to the benefit of Africa as a whole. The 2010 Communication Project Management Unit made the following statement regarding the governments goals for the event: What Government aims for in having South Africa host the 2010 World Cup - and the reason ::that it is funding the infrastructure development the event demands - coincides with its ::priorities of economic growth and development. Aside from that, hosting the event will ::leave a lasting legacy, not just for this country but for Africa tooThis country has a ::lot to offer in 2010. There's the legendary scenery, culture and wildlife, of course - but ::it is South Africa's colorful, warm and wonderful people that will distinguish this World ::Cup from past tournaments in other countries. And South Africans have promised to give ::visitors a welcome they never will forget: in fact, 2010 will be the biggest national ::party since the end of apartheid in 1994. The fun will include African arts and culture ::festival, with fan parks and other public viewing areas to bring the action to thousands ::more spectators.[16] The internet has become a primary tool in the governments public diplomacy efforts, with websites offering a vast range of promotional material and country information. (See FIFA). Photo galleries highlight sights and destinations to attract tourists, offering appealing descriptions of the tournaments nine host cities, articles trumpet local and national efforts to prepare for the event, and reports on business and infrastructure also target potential investors. In

addition, the government has paid particular attention to easing health and safety concerns with frequent reports on official implementation of security measures and medical preparedness. South Africa is also taking advantage of the occasion to develop its image as a strong democracy, emphasizing the World Cup as an opportunity to improve economic conditions and social unity among the citizens of South Africa . SA 2010, one of the websites dedicated to promoting the World Cup, echoes the sentiment, saying, Football is a team sport, and teamwork is what distinguishes a winning team from a losing ::one. It is in this nature of football sportsmanship, that the 2010 FIFA World Cup benefits ::will be shared among all Africans, especially those in the Southern Africa region. The ::entrepreneurial culture among ordinary people is reverberating across the borders.[17] In order represent and validate this assertion, the government has planned a number of demonstrations of its commitment to its citizens, including the distribution of free or cheap tickets to local South Africans who would otherwise be unable to afford to attend the event.[18] As President Thabo Mbeki declared, the intention of the government is that as we proceed on our way towards 2010, the continent and the African people will be better off than they are today, thanks to the role of football [19]

Brand South Africa

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The International Marketing Council of South Africa (IMC) was established in 2002 with a mandate to develop a positive and compelling national brand image for South Africa[20] Since then, the Council has initiated a number of campaigns intended to promote the nation both internally and globally. All efforts aim to tie into the vision of Brand South Africa, with its slogan of Alive with Possibility. The brand and its message aim to represent the attributes of South Africas desired image, determined by the IMC according to the following qualities: [21] Values of Brand South Africa:

Ubuntu (I am because we are) Respect for others Hospitality Warmth

Welcoming A sense of perpetual optimism with a fervent belief in a better tomorrow Open minded and positive Honesty Transparency Approachable Real

Personality of South Africa:

Energetic Colorful and vibrant Passionate Embracing diversity Vigorous Responding readily A people with a can do attitude Open minded Tenacious Determined with a hunger to succeed A sense of continual learning and creative ingenuity Innovative Fresh Different Practical The country reflects a caring strength, female, nurturing and empathetic, a youthful spirit which is exploring and pioneering

Investment Promotion

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Working in collaboration with private sectors as well as other government agencies (which include the departments of Trade and Industry, Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Foreign Affairs, Home Affairs, and the Government Communication and Information System), the IMC covers a broad spectrum of promotional activities, but particularly emphasizes investment and tourism opportunities. To attract investors, the Council has focused on broadcasting consistent messages to potential investors, The following three key points were stressed in a 2005 conference in Europe, and have remain fundamental in South Africas appeal to investors: [22] 1. South Africa provides a solid business foundation with sound macro-economic policies (Emphasis is placed on infrastructure, fiscal policy, macro-economic stability, unified vision of government, business and labor policies) 2. South Africa offers highly developed IT and Telecommunications Infrastructure 3. South Africa is politically and socially stable (Emphasis is placed on Black Economic Empowerment charters, HIV/Aids, education, and Crime Management initiatives)

The IMC has made extensive use of advertising campaigns intended to showcase their business potential. In 2004, for instance, full-page advertisements were placed in prominent global business magazines such as Fortune and the Economist, displaying quips such as If this page was developing as fast as our economy, it would be a billboard, and 350 days of sunshine could be just what your business needs. The goal, according to the IMC, is to target potential investors, citing the performance of the economy and the rising number of multinational firms setting up base in South Africa.[23] Media opportunities are also a pillar of the campaigns, with an emphasis on sheer volume to raise South Africas prominence. In 2004, for example, South African brand ambassadors met about 2,000 counterparts during meetings in the United States that included investor conferences in Chicago, Atlanta and New York. They also met with US talk show host Oprah Winfrey and editors from Forbes magazine, among others, communicating cohesive messages on business issues. The scale made it powerful, said IMC CEO Yvonne Johnston, who also said that similar efforts could be initiated in various countries around the world. SA info

London Taxi Cab Campaign Added by Sdemetri

Print ad Added by Sdemetri

Tourism Promotion

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With regard to tourism, South Africa already enjoys high popularity, particularly among European visitors, but the IMC and Brand South Africa are continually intensifying efforts to increase tourism and raise the nations international profile as a desirable destination. Heading this mission is South African Tourism (SAT), with its expressed vision For South Africa to be the preferred tourist destination in the world, in order to maximize the economic potential of tourism for the country and its people.[24] In 2005, the organization set out the following goals to advance its interests: 1. Publicity and leverage around consumer events that create demand

2. Maintain and support strategic media relationships 3. Encourage positive media coverage of South Africa among the target markets 4. Entrench the message of South Africa as being a value-for-money, all year round destination 5. Continued communication around the brand pillars using functional and emotional benefits relevant to the international market The IMC employs a wide variety of promotional strategies, with a particular emphasis on eyecatching advertising. In 2004, the London Taxi Cab campaign was launched to attract European visitors, with ten taxis used as mobile billboards for the duration of 12 months: Eight of the taxis are in the traditional black of the London cab and two are in a bright sky blue to signify the color of the South African sky to would-be tourists. All have the flag and Brand South Africa's "Alive with Possibility" logo on their roofs, providing an unusual sight for office-workers and commuters on the upper-level of double-decker buses. Slogans along the sides of the taxis promote South Africa as a tourist destination and highlight the achievements of the economy and the country's huge potential as an investment destination. ("It would have been quicker to assemble this taxi in South Africa" ... "If this taxi was developing as fast as our economy it would be a bus" ... on one of the blue taxis: "In South Africa the sky matches this taxi 365 days a year" ... on the doors of one of the taxis: "We'll do everything we can to open them for you" ...) The taxis were also used to ferry South African VIPs, sports people, musicians, ministers and officials across London in an endless zig-zag promotion of South Africa as one of the world's most exciting destinations for tourism, trade and investment.[25]

Marketing Materials

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In addition to its official campaigns, the IMC offers a range of promotional material to be used by private organizations, underscoring its emphasis on making the success of South Africa a popular effort that mobilizes locals and visitors alike. The official Brand South Africa website (See Brand South Africa)offers the following resources:

The South African Story: A booklet revealing South Africas defining features through a collection of compelling and mind-opening facts, figures and anecdotes on trade, investment and tourism Talking points serve as a guide to help individuals explain the progress South Africa is making in addressing some of the challenges facing the country. While mainly intended for business travelers abroad, it can be used by anyone putting together a presentation or in discussions with people overseas as well as visitors to our country. Videos and radio advertisements (See link for Brand South Africa's TV ads and more) MediaClub: a resource for journalists in the form of a database of positive news articles concerning South Africa

Internal Promotion

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While much of the IMCs marketing efforts focus on the international audience, great attention is also paid to building and sustaining national pride and patriotism[26] The effort is lead by the

Domestic Mobilization unit of the IMC, which has initiated a number of projects aimed at developing national confidence. Among these is the Movement for Good campaign, a project to collect views and stories from South Africans about their vision of the nations future. According the IMC the campaign is about social conversations, difficult or easy. This is the beginning of a journey for the country. The project also involves TV and radio segments that highlight inspirational personal stories. Additional campaigns include the Brand Champion project, which trains individuals and countries to support and promote Brand South Africa values.[27]

Other Public Diplomacy Activities

International Media Forum Edit

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Nelson Mandela addresses the International Media Forum South Africa delegation Added by Sdemetri The IMC is a corporate sponsor of the International Media forum, an annual gathering of media practitioners, businesspeople and governments where issues affecting the coverage of South Africa, both international and local, are discussed. More than 400 editors from around the world attended the World Editors Forum and the World Congress of Newspapers in Cape Town in 2007, marking the highest attendance to the event so far. In 2008, the forum is to be held in Gteborg, Sweden. [28] 16 Days of Activism Edit

Participating in the global campaign to end violence against women, South Africa expanded the mission statement to extend to combating violence against children as well. The intent, as expressed by the government, was to [challenge] South Africans to declare a truce on violence against women and children and, ultimately, to make it a permanent one[29]The campaign also helped to further develop South Africas reputation as a leader of moral progress and development through cooperation with international organizations. South Africa Day Edit

In January of 2006, the Royal Society of Britain, the former colonial power in the nation, held South Africa Day. The two-day event focused on South Africas scientific and technological achievements, and aimed to stimulate closer links between South African and UK scientists[30]

Heritage Month

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September is Heritage Month in South Africa, celebrating the nations historical significance, particularly in terms of its fossil record and cultural and genetic heritage. Activities for the month include field trips to fossil parks, World Heritage Sites and museums, public lectures and open days at research institutions.[31]

Continuing Obstacles and Conclusion

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The transformation of South Africas image since the apartheid era marks one of the most impressive public diplomacy efforts in the world. Due in large part to former President

South Africans celebrate their heritage with a flag parade Added by Sdemetri Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutus commitment to the vision of a Rainbow Nation, it reversed the countrys position in the international system from one of moral condemnation to one of social and political respect. Despite this progress, however, major obstacles still remain. In 2001 a public opinion report commissioned by the IMC stated the following: On the one hand the new South Africa is still regarded as a successful model to overcome the divisions of the country and to provide the conditions for building a promising future for all South Africans, black and white. As a tourist place South Africa is regarded to be one of the most attractive countries around the world, although safety and security warnings for tourists are a normal part of travel information. On the other hand, the initial attraction and positive assessment of the new Government is fading away and seem to be replaced by a more critical view. This emphasizes economic instability, social conflicts not only between the black majority and the white minority, but in particular within the black population decline of the Rand, the crime rate and HIV-infection/AIDS death rate a major economic and social problems. With the 2010 World Cup on the horizon, South Africa is intensifying efforts to ready the nation for scrutiny under the global eye. Hefty challenges certainly remain, but in the true spirit of

Brand South Africas Alive with Possibility, the nation, with the help of a broad range of departments and individuals, is doggedly pursuing its ambitious mission of raising the nations standing in the international system to the benefit of all South Africans, and ultimately, as President Mbeki declared in 2005, the achievement of the goal of a better life for the peoples of Africa and the rest of the world.[32]

South Africa in the News

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Further Reading

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"Programme 3:Protocol and Public Diplomacy." Annual Report 2006-07. Department of Foreign Affairs. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.dfa.gov.za/department/report_20062007/annual%20report.%20pg%20209-233.pdf>. South Africa. International Marketing Council. Brand South Africa. 2008. 24 Jun 2008 <http://www.brandsouthafrica.com/>. Christelis, Desiree. "Country Reputation Management : Identifying drivers of South Africa's reputation in German media." April 2006. University of Stellenbosch. "Brand South Africa Goes Global." 27 Sept 2004. SouthAfrica.info. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/features/imc-printadverts.htm>.

References

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1. "South Africa." The World Factbook. 19 Jun 2008. Central Intelligence Agency. 25 Jun 2008 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html>. 2. "Programme 3:Protocol and Public Diplomacy." Annual Report 2006-07. Department of Foreign Affairs. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.dfa.gov.za/department/report_20062007/annual%20report.%20pg%20209-233.pdf>. 3. "Programme 3:Protocol and Public Diplomacy." Annual Report 2006-07. Department of Foreign Affairs. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.dfa.gov.za/department/report_20062007/annual%20report.%20pg%20209-233.pdf>. 4. Martin, Marilyn. "The Rainbow Nation- Identity and Transformation." Oxford Art Journal Vol. 19(1996) 26 Jun 2008 <http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=01426540(1996)19%3A1%3C3%3ATRNIAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X>. 5. "National Symbols." South African Government Information. 28 Nov 2007. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/symbols/flag.htm>. 6. Martin, Marilyn. "The Rainbow Nation- Identity and Transformation." Oxford Art Journal Vol. 19(1996) 26 Jun 2008 <http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=01426540(1996)19%3A1%3C3%3ATRNIAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X>. 7. Barrow, Greg. "South Africans Reconciled?." BBC News 30 Oct 1998 24 Jun 2008 <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/truth_and_reconciliation/142673.s tm>.

8. Verdoolaege, Annelies . "Media Representations of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission and their Commitment to Reconciliation." TRC Research Website. Jun 2003. 25 Jun 2008 <http://cas1.elis.ugent.be/avrug/trc/03_06.htm>. 9. Gettleman, Jeffrey. "Death Toll in Kenya 1,000, but Talks Reach Crucial Phase." The New York Times 06 Feb 2008 25 Jun 2008 <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/world/africa/06kenya.html?scp=5&sq=south+afric a+truth+and+reconciliation&st=nyt>. 10. "A Healing Truth in South Africa." The New York Times 24 Aug 1996 25 Jun 2008 <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E3D81639F937A1575BC0A9609 58260&scp=12&sq=south+africa+%22truth+and+reconciliation%22&st=nyt>. 11. Barrow, Greg. "South Africans Reconciled?." BBC News 30 Oct 1998 24 Jun 2008 <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/truth_and_reconciliation/142673.s tm>. 12. Gettleman, Jeffrey. "Death Toll in Kenya 1,000, but Talks Reach Crucial Phase." The New York Times 06 Feb 2008 25 Jun 2008 <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/world/africa/06kenya.html?scp=5&sq=south+afric a+truth+and+reconciliation&st=nyt>. 13. Gakzunzi, David. "The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa." Gouvernance en Afrique. 25 Jun 2008 <http://www.afriquegouvernance.net/fiches/dph/fiche-dph-171.html>. 14. Longman. Jere. "South Africa Is Named Host of 2010 World Cup," The New York Times 16 May 2004. 26 Jun 2008 <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E1D6173FF935A25756C0A9629 C8B63&scp=13&sq=2010+world+cup&st=nyt>. 15. Longman. Jere. "South Africa Is Named Host of 2010 World Cup," The New York Times 16 May 2004. 26 Jun 2008 <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E1D6173FF935A25756C0A9629 C8B63&scp=13&sq=2010+world+cup&st=nyt>. 16. "Government 2010." South Africa 2010. 2008. South African Government Communication and Information System. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.sa2010.gov.za/government/aims.php>. 17. "People's 2010." Visit SA 2010. 2007. SA Tourism. 25 Jun 2008 <http://www1.southafrica.net/Cultures/enUS/2010.southafrica.net/TheRoadTo2010/ThePeoples2010/>. 18. Associated Press. "S. Africans to Receive World Cup Tickets Free," The New York Times 25 Nov 2007. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/sports/soccer/25soccer.html?_r=1&scp=10&sq=2 010+world+cup&st=nyt&oref=slogi>. 19. "People's 2010." Visit SA 2010. 2007. SA Tourism. 25 Jun 2008 <http://www1.southafrica.net/Cultures/enUS/2010.southafrica.net/TheRoadTo2010/ThePeoples2010/>. 20. Brand South Africa http://www.brandsouthafrica.com/. 21. Brand South Africa http://www.brandsouthafrica.com/. 22. Brand South Africa http://www.brandsouthafrica.com/. 23. "Brand South Africa Goes Global." 27 Sept 2004. SouthAfrica.info. 23 Jun 2008 <http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/features/imc-printadverts.htm>.

24. Christelis, Desiree. "Country Reputation Management: Identifying drivers of South Africa's reputation in German media." April 2006. University of Stellenbosch. 24 Jun 2008 <http://ir.sun.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/10019/37/1/ChristD.pdf>. 25. "Vision and Mission." South African Tourism. 24 Jun 2008 <http://www.southafrica.net/satourism/about/vision.html>. 26. "What We Do." Brand South Africa. International Marketing Council. 5 Aug 2008 <http://www.brandsouthafrica.com/static/whatwedo.html>. 27. "South Africa, please, taxi driver." SouthAfrica.info 07 Sept 2004 24 Jun 2008 <http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/features/taxi-campaign.htm>. 28. Brand South Africa http://www.brandsouthafrica.com/. 29. "16 Days of Activism against abuse." 25 Nov 2005. SouthAfrica.info. 25 Jun 2008 <http://www.southafrica.info/public_services/citizens/your_rights/16days.htm >. 30. "South Africa Day." 2006. The Royal Society. 25 Jun 2008 <http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?tip=1&id=4174>. 31. "Remembering our African origins." 20 Sept 2005. SouthAfrica.info. 24 Jun 2008 <http://www.southafrica.info/news/africanorigins.htm>. 32. Brand South Africa http://www.brandsouthafrica.com/.

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List of diplomatic missions of South Africa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search

South African diplomatic mission This is a list of diplomatic missions of South Africa. South Africa dramatically expanded its diplomatic presence globally, especially in Africa, in the immediate years after the end of apartheid. It was the only country to have embassies in the various bantustan states of Transkei, Venda, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei that South Africa established

South Africa: The role of economic diplomacy in a new world

Johannesburg: Economic diplomacy has always been an integral and important part of the work of a diplomat, and that principle applies equally to South African diplomats. The reality, however, is that we have come to live in a dynamic world that has been changing at a tremendous pace. These changes have necessitated diplomats to prepare in different ways, as the pressure on them to perform for their countries has also increased, not only because of the changing world, but because of the domestic priorities of each country. Our diplomats around the world are therefore competing to ensure that the economic levers that allocate the supply and demand of scarce resources will favour South Africa. The cabinet acknowledged this reality and decided in June 2007 that South Africa needed to prepare its diplomats for this economic imperative, instructing the Diplomatic Academy of the Department of International Relations and Co-operation - through the endorsement of the document on the Strengthening of Economic Diplomacy and the Challenges of Co-ordinated Marketing of South Africa Abroad - to develop a curriculum on Economic Diplomacy. The main aim of this process was to operationalise the 'expansion and continuation of common training' on economic diplomacy.

This instruction was given to the department in partnership with the Department of Trade and Industry (dti), as the dti has the line function responsibility for trade and commercial relations. The practical reality, however, is that the dti only has representation in 26 countries, and department officials effectively have to perform the economic diplomacy duties in the totality of 124 South African missions abroad. Hence, the cabinet instruction was intended for both departments. South Africa, before its membership of Brics, already had representation in 44 out of 52 countries on the continent. The actual total currently is 47 missions, with Liberia opening this year and South Sudan shortly before the declaration of the new representation. The assertion that we are playing 'catch-up and (attempting to) compete head-on with Brics' is incorrect. As demonstrated, we have always held a commitment in our foreign policy to Africas development; with the Brics partnership we hope to pursue this partnership to the benefit of the continents development goals. Referring back to our training programmes, the process of developing a curriculum included the development of an Economic Diplomacy Strategic Framework, which the Diplomatic Academy did in consultation with the dti. In an effort to extend economic diplomacy training, a pilot programme was launched at the end of 2009 for South African officials from the three spheres of the government. The Department of International Relations and Co-operation works well with the National Assemblys portfolio committee on International Relations. Economic diplomacy training workshops included not only officials of the dti and the department, but also officials from the National Treasury, SA Tourism, Government Communication and Information System, International Marketing Council and the Provinces of Gauteng, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and the Western Cape. Metros included Tshwane, Joburg, Nelson Mandela Bay, eThekwini as well as the South African Local Government Association, SA Municipal Local Economic Development Agency, the Nepad Business Foundation and the South African Institute of International Affairs, as well as other civil society organisations. The curriculum includes training on the processes, challenges and opportunities of globalisation, South Africas domestic priorities, trade and investment strategies, export marketing and investment assistance, market analysis, priority markets and indicators, among others. Furthermore, progress reports are presented on inter alia the EUs Economic Partnership Agreements, the Southern African Customs Union, and the international financial situation. The views of the private sector (represented by, but not limited to, Standard Bank, Sasol, Anglo Gold Ashanti and parastatals such as the Industrial Development Corporation and the Development Bank of Southern Africa) are also solicited on how the co-operation between South Africas missions abroad could be improved to better serve the country.

This same curriculum was, simultaneously, included into the residential training programmes of the Diplomatic Academy. Since November 2009 to July 2011, 302 department officials have been trained. A total of 90 international relations practitioners from other government departments have attended the four workshops held between November 2009 and June 2011. It is expected that by the end of 2011, a further 120 officials both in the department and other government entities will be trained in economic diplomacy. Our training methods and tools continue to improve and will soon include a toolkit which continues to involve stakeholders in the government and beyond. South Africa is one among very few countries who have a fully fledged diplomatic training academy and a research and analysis unit, because we take the training of our diplomats seriously, and we pay particular attention to knowledge management so that the quality of our diplomats can continue to improve. Some of our courses are internationally benchmarked and also submit to national qualification standards. We apply some of the best brains in the country in teaching our diplomats. * Maud Dlomo is Deputy Director General of the Diplomatic Academy in the Department of International Relations and Co-operation. Date: 23 August 2011 Source: IOL Source URL: http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/the-role-of-economic-diplomacy-in... News Tags: South Africa, Trade diplomacy, trade facilitation Get the latest news: Follow this News Feed on Twitter Receive this News Feed in your inbox Subscribe to this News Feed on RSS

International diplomacy

This programme is aimed at understanding how decisions, choices and policies of various states help shape the outcomes of significant international processes including negotiations, conferences and diplomatic clubs. The programme tracks the conduct of international diplomacy, assesses the role of Africa and South Africa, for the purpose of identify ways in which Africa and South Africa could make a better use of international diplomacy. The IGD believes that international diplomacy when used strategically and in a calculated fashion offers great opportunities for developing countries to ensure its outcomes help overcome global inequality, poverty and underdevelopment.

The programme has three sub-themes, namely: 1. International negotiations and conferences diplomacy and the possibility of realising Africa's and South Africa's foreign policy goal by forging inclusive, realistic and ambitious consensuses. The focus is on diplomatic platforms with a strong economic and developmental bias such as the G20, the UN, the OECD, the WEF and so forth. in 2010-15, the focus is on the dynamics of the international climate change negotiations and the achievement of fair and pragmatic outcomes. Dr Lesley Masters leads this area of study.

2. The second sub-theme is on the role and impact of emerging powers/markets in influencing international diplomacy, especially in championing developmental outcomes. For this reason, the IGD research and dialogue seek to understand the meaning and impact of new southern multilateralism in the form of clubs like BASIC and BRICSA as well as bilateral relations, especially with African countries on Africa's and South Africa's interests. The focus currently is on the link between emerging power alliances and developmental aspirations of Africa and South Africa. Discussions on BASIC-BRICS-IBSA will involve counterparts in Brazil, India and China and the findings will be published in reports. Mr Francis Kornegay coordinates this work.

3. Led by Siphamandla Zondi, the sub-theme on African diplomacy seeks to understand and influence the changing role of Africa in world affairs. A component of this is to identify ways of improving decision-making and strengthening inter-institutional linkages to ensure positive outcomes from Africa's agreements with other regions and countries. This includes a strategic role for the AU Commission and civil society. In 2011-15, the focus is on African decisionmaking in regard to EU-Africa and FOCAC as well as on South Africa's role in Africa with a special reference to its peace diplomacy in the DRC, Sudan and Zimbabwe. With elections expected in the DRC and Zimbabwe, the IGD will promote dialogue in both countries. It is involved in interactions with the AU Commission on AU response to post-independence dynamics in Sudan.

Dr S. Zondi is part of an AU Tehnical Committee on Post-Conflict Development and Reconstruction in Sudan. inShare

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The foreign relations of South Africa have spanned from the country's time as Dominion and later Realm of the British Empire to its isolationist policies under Apartheid to its position as a responsible international actor taking a key role in Africa. South Africa is active in the UN, the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations. Considered a possible permanent addition to the United Nations Security Council, South Africa was elected by the UN General Assembly to serve on the Security Council in 2007 for the first time ever.

Contents

1 History o 1.1 Pre-apartheid o 1.2 Apartheid 2 Post-apartheid 3 United Nations Security Council 4 Africa

4.1 Angola 4.2 Botswana 4.3 Egypt 4.4 Lesotho 4.5 Madagascar 4.6 Malawi 4.7 Mozambique 4.8 Namibia 4.9 Swaziland 4.10 Zimbabwe 5 Europe 6 Americas o 6.1 Argentina o 6.2 Brazil o 6.3 Canada o 6.4 Mexico o 6.5 United States 7 Rest of world o 7.1 Australia o 7.2 People's Republic of China o 7.3 Republic of China o 7.4 Tibet o 7.5 India o 7.6 Iran o 7.7 Israel 8 See also 9 References 10 External links o 10.1 Videos

o o o o o o o o o o

History
Pre-apartheid
South Africa, as a key member of the British Empire and Commonwealth, fought alongside the United Kingdom and the Allies in both World War I and World War II, and it participated in the postwar UN force in the Korean War. South Africa was a founding member of the League of Nations and in 1927 established a Department of External Affairs with diplomatic missions in the main Western European countries and in the United States.

Apartheid
Main article: Foreign relations of apartheid South Africa

South Africa introduced apartheid in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. As a result, the country became increasingly isolated internationally until apartheid was ended and racial equality introduced in 19903.[citation needed]

Post-apartheid
Having emerged from the international isolation of the apartheid era, South Africa has become a leading international actor. Its principal foreign policy objective is to develop good relations with all countries, especially its neighbours in the Southern African Development Community and the other members of the African Union. South Africa has played a key role in seeking an end to various conflicts and political crises on the African continent, including in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Comoros, and Zimbabwe. In August 1998, South Africa assumed the chair of the Non-Aligned Movement, which it relinquished in July 2002. Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi kingdom. The South African government has been criticised by Human Rights Watch for deporting hundreds of thousands of Zimbabwean refugees and treating victims of political violence as economic migrants. By sending refugees back to persecution, Human Rights Watch has asserted that South Africa is violating the refugee convention and international law.[1]

United Nations Security Council

South Africa was a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council from October 2006 until 2008. South African votes in the UNSC have not been without controversy. In particular, a 'no' vote on a resolution criticising the Burmese government attracted widespread criticism.[2] South Africa also attempted to vote against economic sanctions for Iran; however, this was changed after South African realised that the 'no' vote would be defeated. South Africa is again a non-permanent member of the Security Council until 2012.

Africa
Angola
Main article: AngolaSouth Africa relations Angola-South Africa relations are quite strong, as the ruling parties in both nations the African National Congress in South Africa and the MPLA in Angola fought together during the Angolan Civil War and South African Border War. They fought against UNITA rebels, based in

Angola, and the apartheid-era government in South Africa who supported them. Nelson Mandela mediated between the MPLA and UNITA factions during the last years of Angola's civil war.

Botswana
See BotswanaSouth Africa relations

Egypt
See Foreign relations of Egypt

Lesotho
This section requires expansion. (February 2010) South African relations with Lesotho were quite clandestine.

Madagascar
South Africa and Madagascar shared Maritime borders with Each other.

Malawi
Main article: Malawi South Africa relations Since South Africa and Malawi had their first democratic elections in 1994, Malawi and South Africa have enhanced relations. In 2008, the two governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding designed to enhance the relationship between the two countries through enhanced security cooperation.[3]

Mozambique
See Foreign relations of Mozambique

Namibia
Main article: Namibia South Africa relations Upon independence in 1990, Namibia's economy was still tied to South Africa's.[4] To this day, the economy of Namibia is still closely contacted to South Africa through both institutional relationships (Southern African Customs Union, for example) and privately owned mining concessions.[5] The South African rand is still legal currency within Namibia (while the Namibian dollar is not so in South Africa), and the currencies are traded on par locally.

Swaziland

See Foreign relations of Swaziland

Zimbabwe
Main article: South AfricaZimbabwe relations South Africa has a mission in Harare. Zimbabwe has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate general in Johannesburg. The Government of Zimbabwe took a particular interest in the search for independence for Namibia (South-West Africa) from South Africa. In addition, as chairman of the front-line states in southern Africa, Zimbabwe spoke out vigorously against the policies of apartheid in South Africa and frequently called for the imposition of economic sanctions against the government. However, whilst supporting democratic change in South Africa, Mugabe did not support the idea of Zimbabwe being used as a base for anti-South African guerillas.[6] In recent years, following the political crisis in the country, the ex-president Thabo Mbeki mediated with the MDC and Zanu PF to form a unity government, and often remained silent on the issues in Zimbabwe, which drew criticism.[7] Following a cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe, the ruling ANC in South Africa became impatient and has urged the parties to form a unity government.[8]

Europe
Country Bulgaria Formal Relations Began Notes See Bulgaria South Africa relations Interest Offices between South Africa and Bulgaria were opened initially in November 1990 and full diplomatic relations was established on 2 February 1992. Bulgaria has an embassy in Pretoria and South Africa is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in Athens (Greece).

South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Bulgaria

Croatia Denmark Finland 1949-0515

See Foreign relations of Croatia See Denmark-South Africa relations See Finland South Africa relations

A South African legation was established in 1967 and relations were then upgraded to ambassadorial level in March 1991. Finland has an embassy in Pretoria, a general consulate in Johannesburg and a consulate in Cape Town. South Africa has

Country

Formal Relations Began

Notes an embassy in Helsinki. During World War II South Africa declared war on Finland.

Greece Ireland Italy Romania 1992-02Russia 28

See Foreign relations of Greece See Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland See Foreign relations of Italy See Foreign relations of Romania See RussiaSouth Africa relations

Russia has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town.[9] South Africa has an embassy in Moscow.[10] South African Department of Foreign Affaires about the relation with Russia

Serbia

See Foreign relations of Serbia

Serbia has an embassy in Pretoria.[11] South Africa is represented in Serbia through its embassy in Athens (Greece).

See South Africa Switzerland relations Switzerland

South Africa has an embassy in Bern and a general consulate in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Pretoria and a general consulate in Cape Town. South African Department of Foreign Affairs abou relations with Switzerland Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with South Africa

Turkey

1991

See South African Turkish relations

Diplomatic relations were established at consular level in 1991 and consulates-general were opened in Istanbul and Johannesburg respectively. Both consulates were closed following the upgrading of relations to ambassadorial level in October 1992. South Africa has an embassy in Ankara.[12] Turkey has an embassy in Pretoria.

Country

Formal Relations Began

Notes See also Turks in South Africa Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with South Africa

Ukraine

See South Africa Ukraine relations

South Africa established its Embassy in Kiev in October 1992. Ukraine established its Embassy in Pretoria in 1995.[13] South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ukraine

Americas
Argentina

Diplomatic relations were cut off in 1982 with the Falklands War. Full diplomatic relations between both countries were re-established in August 1991. Argentina has an embassy in Pretoria[14] South Africa has an embassy in Buenos Aires.[15] Both countries are members of the Cairns Group. List of Treaties ruling relations Argentina and South Africa (Argentine Foreign Ministry, in Spanish) South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Argentina

Brazil
Main article: Brazil South Africa relations Brazil has provided military assistance to South Africa in the form of warfare training and logistics. Bilateral relations between the countries have recently increased, as a result of Brazil's new South-South foreign policy aimed to strengthen integration between the major powers of the developing world.

Canada
Main article: Canada-South Africa relations Canada established its diplomatic relations with South Africa in 1939, along with other nations, due to the outbreak of World War II. Canada actively encouraged the end of Apartheid in South Africa and the countries have had normal relations since then. The Constitution of South Africa was, in part, inspired by the Constitution of Canada, particularly the Canadian Charter of Rights

and Freedoms. Former South African President Nelson Mandela made an official state visit to Canada in September 1998. Mandela was made an honorary Canadian citizen, during his second visit to Canada. A 2003 visit by President Thabo Mbeki in November 2003, the Joint Declaration of Intent was signed to strengthen relations between the two countries. Canada has assisted South Africa in the areas of development (over $200 million) and the fight against AIDS in South Africa and to strengthen services provided by the Government of South Africa. Trade between the two countries totalled $1.8 billion in 2008.[16]

Mexico
Main article: MexicoSouth Africa relations There were no official relations between Mexico and South Africa before 1994. After the birth of democracy in South Africa, the countries established relations. Mexico has an embassy in Pretoria, South Africa has an embassy in Mexico City.

United States
Main article: South Africa United States relations The United States has maintained an official presence in South Africa since 1799, when an American consulate was opened in Cape Town. The U.S. Embassy is located in Pretoria, and Consulates General are in Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town. Americans and South Africans also have many non-governmental ties: American missionaries, for example, have a long history of activity in South Africa. South Africans (particularly the ANC leadership) also acknowledge support from and ties to the anti-apartheid movement in the U.S.

Rest of world
Australia
Main article: Australia South Africa relations

Date started: 1947 Australia has a High Commission in Pretoria. South Africa has a High Commission in Canberra.

People's Republic of China

Main article: People's Republic of China South Africa relations

Date started: January 1998 The PRC has an embassy in Pretoria. South Africa has an embassy in Beijing and a Consulate-General in both Hong Kong and Shanghai.

Despite Pretoria's long relationship with the government in Taiwan and late recognition of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1998 the two countries currently enjoy an increasingly close relationship. Increasingly numerous official visits to each others countries by their respective officials and rapidly increasing trade between the two countries has drawn them ever increasingly together.

Republic of China
Main article: Republic of China South Africa relations

Period of recognition: 1949 - January 1998 Taiwan has a Taipei Liaison Office in Pretoria. South Africa has a Taiwan Liaison Office in Taipei.

Relations were established between the two countries in 1949 and grew considerably after 1971 until South Africa announced that it would switch recognition from the government in Taipei to the People's Republic of China in December 1996.

Tibet
Main article: Tibet South Africa relations

South Africa denied the Dalai Lama a visa March 2009 to attend a peace conference linked to the 2010 Football World Cup.[17][18] South Africa did not give a visa to the Dalai Lama to participate the 80th birthday party of Archbishop Desmond Tutu on 7 October 2011.[19][20]

India
Main article: India South Africa relations There is a major resident Indian community in South Africa that made a significant contribution to the struggle for civil rights; Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi pioneered the non-violent civil disobedience in the struggle of Indian people for civil rights in the 1890s and 1900s.[21] Indians also contributed to the African National Congress's struggle against the Apartheid regime. The Indian government was an outspoken critic of the apartheid-era South African government, refusing to maintain diplomatic relations.[22] India's support evoked goodwill in South Africa and other African countries.[22]

Iran
Main article: Iran South Africa relations South Africa and Iran share historical bilateral relations and the latter supported the South African liberation movements. It severed official relations with South Africa in 1979 and imposed a trade boycott in protest against the country's Apartheid policies. However, in January

1994, Iran lifted all trade and economic sanctions against South Africa and diplomatic relations were reestablished on 10 May 1994.[23]

Israel
Main article: IsraelSouth Africa relations Former ANC leader Nelson Mandela first visited Israel in 1999. Mandela said: "To the many people who have questioned why I came, I say: Israel worked very closely with the apartheid regime. I say: I've made peace with many men who slaughtered our people like animals. Israel cooperated with the apartheid regime, but it did not participate in any atrocities".[24] Then Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Ehud Olmert visited South Africa in 2004,[25] meeting with South African President Thabo Mbeki, the first visit by an Israeli leader since the end of apartheid.

See also

List of diplomatic missions in South Africa List of diplomatic missions of South Africa

South Africa's Future Foreign Policy

By Nelson Mandela November/December 1993 Article Summary and Author Biography More Sharing Services

NEW PILLARS FOR A NEW WORLD As the 1980s drew to a close I could not see much of the world from my prison cell, but I knew it was changing. There was little doubt in my mind that this would have a profound impact on my country, on the southern African region and the continent of which I am proud to be a citizen. Although this process of global change is far from complete, it is clear that all nations will have boldly to recast their nets if they are to reap any benefit from international affairs in the postCold War era. The African National Congress (ANC) believes that the charting of a new foreign policy for South Africa is a key element in the creation of a peaceful and prosperous country. Apartheid corroded the very essence of life in South Africa. This is why the country's emerging political leaders are challenged to build a nation in which all people-irrespective of race, color, creed,

religion or sex-can assert fully their human worth; after apartheid, our people deserve nothing less than the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. This vision cannot be realized until South Africa can again participate fully in world affairs. For four decades South Africa's international relations were dogged by the apartheid issue. By the end of the 1980s, South Africa was one of the most isolated states on earth. Recovering from this will be no easy task. Conscious of this difficulty, the ANC is involved in developing those policies which will be necessary to take South Africa into the new world order as a responsible global citizen. Additionally, it is concerned with the need to forge a truly professional diplomatic service which will serve all of South Africa's peoples and represent their rich diversity. Fortunately, foreign governments have recognized the importance of this and are generously providing training for young South Africans who wish to make careers in foreign affairs. Within the context of the current multiparty negotiations, preliminary discussions are also under way between political parties with an interest in foreign affairs in an effort to bridge the divides between them on important policy questions. The pillars upon which our foreign policy will rest are the following beliefs: -that issues of human rights are central to international relations and an understanding that they extend beyond the political, embracing the economic, social and environmental