Modul #02 TE3223 SISTEM KOMUNIKASI 2

MATCHED FILTER
Program Studi S1 Teknik Telekomunikasi Jurusan Teknik Elektro - Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telkom gg g Bandung 2007

Today we are going to talk about:

Receiver structure R i t t
Demodulation (and sampling) Detection D t ti

First step for designing the receiver

Matched filter M t h d filt receiver i
Correlator receiver

Vector representation of signals (signal space), an important tool to facilitate:

Signals presentations, receiver structures presentations Detection operations ( MODUL 3)
Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Demodulation and detection

Format Pulse g i (t ) Bandpass si (t ) modulate modulate channel transmitted symbol hc (t )

mi

M-ary modulation

i = 1, K, M

estimated symbol

n(t )
Demod. Demod z (T ) & sample r (t )

Format

mi

Detect

Major sources of errors: j

Thermal noise (AWGN)
disturbs the signal in an additive fashion (Additive) has flat spectral density for all frequencies of interest (White) is modeled by Gaussian random process (Gaussian Noise)

Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)

Due to the f filtering effect of transmitter, channel and receiver, ff f symbols are smeared.
Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Example: Impact of the channel

Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Example: Channel impact

hc (t ) = (t ) 0.5 (t 0.75T )

Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Receiver job:
Demodulation and sampling:
Waveform recovery and preparing the received signal for detection:
Improving the signal power to the noise power (SNR) using matched filter Reducing ISI using equalizer Sampling the recovered waveform

Detection:
Estimate the transmitted symbol based on the received sample
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Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Receiver structure
Step 1 waveform to sample transformation
Demodulate & Sample

Step 2 decision making

Detect

r (t )

Frequency down-conversion
For bandpass signals

Receiving filter

Equalizing z (t ) filter
Compensation for channel induced ISI

z (T )

Threshold comparison

mi

Received waveform

Baseband pulse (possibly distored)

Baseband pulse

Sample (test statistic)

Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Baseband and bandpass

Bandpass model of detection process is equivalent to baseband model because:
The received bandpass waveform is first transformed to a baseband waveform. Equivalence theorem:
Performing bandpass linear signal processing followed b h t d i th signal t th b f ll d by heterodying the i l to the baseband, b d yields the same results as heterodying the bandpass signal to the baseband, followed by a baseband linear signal processing.

Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Steps in designing the receiver

Find optimum solution for receiver design with the following goals:
1. Maximize SNR 2. Minimize ISI

Steps in design: St i d i
Model the received signal Find separate solutions for each of the goals goals.

First, we focus on designing a receiver which maximizes the SNR.

Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Design the receiver filter to maximize the SNR Model the received signal
si (t ) hc (t )
r (t )

r (t ) = si (t ) h c (t ) + n(t )

n(t )
AWGN

Simplify the model: y

Received signal in AWGN
Ideal channels hc (t ) = (t )

si (t ) n(t )
AWGN

r (t )

r (t ) = si (t ) + n(t )

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Matched filter receiver

Problem:
Design the receiver filter h(t ) such that the SNR is , , p g maximized at the sampling time when si (t ), i = 1,..., M is transmitted.

Solution:
The optimum filter, is the Matched filter, given by

h ( t ) = hopt ( t ) = s i (T t ) * H ( f ) = H opt ( f ) = S i ( f ) exp( j 2 fT )

*

which is the time-reversed and delayed version of the conjugate of the y j g transmitted signal
si (t )
0 T t

h(t ) = hopt (t )
0 T t

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Example of matched filter

si (t )
A T

h opt (t )
A T

z ( t ) = si ( t ) hopt ( t )
A2

2T

si ( ) (t
A T

h opt ( ) (t
A T

z ( t ) = si ( t ) hopt ( t )
A2

T/2 T
A T

t
A T

T/2 T

0 T/2 T 3T/2 2T

A 2T 2

Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

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Properties of the matched filter

1. 1 The Fourier transform of a matched filter output with the matched signal as input is, except for a time delay factor, proportional to the ESD of the input signal.

Z ( f ) =| S ( f ) |2 exp( j 2fT ) (
2. The output signal of a matched filter is proportional to a shifted version of the autocorrelation function of the input signal to which the filter i th filt is matched. t h d

z (t ) = Rs (t T ) z (T ) = Rs (0) = Es
3. 3 The output SNR of a matched filter depends only on the ratio of the signal energy to the PSD of the white noise at the filter input.

Es S max = N T N 0 / 2
4. Two matching conditions in the matched-filtering operation:
spectral phase matching that gives the desired output peak at time T T. spectral amplitude matching that gives optimum SNR to the peak value.
Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

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Correlator receiver
The matched filter output at the sampling time T, can be realized as the correlator output.
z (T ) = hopt (T ) r (T ) = r ( ). si ( )d =< r ( t ), s( t ) >
* 0 T

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Implementation of matched filter receiver

Bank of M matched filters z1 ( t )

s (T t )
* 1

z1 (T )

r (t ) (
sM (T t )
*

z M (t )

z M (T )

z1 M = z zM

Matched filter output: z Observation vector

z i ( t ) = r ( t ) s i (T t )

i = 1,..., M

z = ( z1 (T ), z 2 (T ),..., z M (T )) = ( z1 , z 2 ,..., z M )
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Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

Implementation of correlator receiver

Bank of M correlators

s 1 (t )

r (t )
s
M

(t )

z1 (T )

z M (T )

z1 M zM

=z

Correlators output: z Observation vector

z = ( z1 (T ) z 2 (T ) z M (T )) = ( z1 , z 2 ,..., z M ) ), ),..., z i (T ) = r ( t )si ( t )dt i = 1,..., M

0
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Example of implementation of matched filter receivers

s1 (t )
A T

Bank of 2 matched filters

A T

z1 (T )
T

r (t )
0

s2 (t )
0 0
A T

t
A T

z 2 (T )

z1 = z z2

Modul 2 - Siskom 2 - Matched Filter

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