1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................

1.1 OVERVIEW .........................................................................................................................

1.2 PROGRAM FEATURES ......................................................................................................
1.3 PROGRAM STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................
1.3.1 Beam Elements ............................................................................................................
1.3.2 Plate Elements .............................................................................................................
1.3.3 Tubular Connections ...................................................................................................
1.3.4 Member Distributed Loading ......................................................................................
1.3.5 Foundations .................................................................................................................
1.3.6 Solution Technique ......................................................................................................
1.3.6.1 Foundation Solution ...........................................................................................
1.3.7 Analysis Considerations ..............................................................................................
1.3.7.1 Progressive Collapse Analysis ...........................................................................
1.3.7.2 Ship Impact ........................................................................................................
1.4 REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................

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2.0 COLLAPSE MODELING AND INPUT ....................................................................................

2.1 MODELING REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................................
2.1.1 Analysis Type ..............................................................................................................
2.1.2 Load Combinations .....................................................................................................
2.2 COLLAPSE ANALYSIS INPUT .........................................................................................
2.2.1 Collapse Analysis Options ..........................................................................................
2.2.1.1 Joint Flexibility ..................................................................................................
2.2.1.2 Member Local Buckling ....................................................................................
2.2.1.3 Pile Plasticity .....................................................................................................
2.2.1.4 Considering Skipped Elements Plastically ........................................................
2.2.1.5 Tubular Connection Capacity Check .................................................................
2.2.1.6 Strain Hardening ................................................................................................
2.2.1.7 Collapse Critical Displacement ..........................................................................
2.2.1.8 Creating a SACS Model File at Final Step ........................................................
2.2.2 Analysis Parameters and Convergence Criteria ..........................................................
2.2.2.1 Number of Member Sub-Segments ...................................................................
2.2.2.2 Member Iterations and Displacement Convergence ..........................................
2.2.2.3 Global Stiffness Iterations and Convergence .....................................................
2.2.2.4 Continue if Maximum Number of Iterations Exceeded .....................................
2.2.3 Output Reports ............................................................................................................
2.2.3.1 Joint Displacements ...........................................................................................
2.2.3.1.1 Selecting Joints for Displacement Report ................................................
2.2.3.2 Joint Reactions ...................................................................................................
2.2.3.3 Member Internal Loads and Stresses .................................................................
2.2.3.3.1 Selecting Members for Internal Loads and Stress Report ........................
2.2.3.3.2 Selecting Plates for Reports .....................................................................
2.2.3.3.3 Excluding Elastic Members ......................................................................
2.2.3.3.4 Designating Minimum Plasticity ..............................................................
2.2.3.4 Collapse Summary Report .................................................................................
2.2.3.5 Member Summary Report ..................................................................................

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2.2.4 Applying Load .............................................................................................................

2.2.4.1 Defining a Load Sequence .................................................................................
2.2.4.1.1 Load Sequences with More than Three Load Steps .................................
2.2.4.1.2 Using Load Combinations ........................................................................
2.2.5 Tubular Connection Capacity Parameters ...................................................................
2.2.5.1 Tubular Connection Capacity Options ...............................................................
2.2.5.2 LRFD Resistance Factor Data ...........................................................................
2.2.5.3 Norsok Resistance Factor Data ..........................................................................
2.2.6 Designating Elements as Elastic ..................................................................................
2.2.6.1 Elastic Members .................................................................................................
2.2.6.2 Elastic Member Groups .....................................................................................
2.2.6.3 Elastic Plates Elements ......................................................................................
2.2.6.4 Elastic Plate Groups ...........................................................................................
2.2.7 Nonlinear Springs ........................................................................................................
2.2.7.1 Nonlinear Spring Supports .................................................................................
2.2.7.2 Joint to Joint Nonlinear Springs .........................................................................
2.2.8 MSL Joint Flexibility Formulation ..............................................................................
2.2.8.1 Joint Flexibility ..................................................................................................
2.2.8.2 Joint Strength .....................................................................................................
2.2.8.3 Fracture Criteria .................................................................................................
2.2.9 Joint Strength/Flexibility Selection .............................................................................

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3.0 COLLAPSE INPUT FILE ...........................................................................................................

3.1 INPUT FILE SETUP ............................................................................................................
3.2 INPUT LINES ......................................................................................................................

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4.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING .............................................................................................................

4.1 MODEL SINGULARITY ....................................................................................................
4.2 DEBUGGING THE MODEL ...............................................................................................
4.3 WARNING MESSAGES IN COLLAPSE ...........................................................................
4.3.1 Non-convergence of Piles............................................................................................
4.3.2 Maximum Allowable Displacement or Rotation .........................................................
4.3.3 Non-convergence of a Load Increment .......................................................................
4.3.4 Non-convergence of Members ....................................................................................

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5.0 COMMENTARY ........................................................................................................................

5.1 ENERGY PRINCIPLES .......................................................................................................
5.1.1 Discrete Systems .........................................................................................................
5.1.1.1.1 Equilibrium ...............................................................................................
5.1.1.1.2 Unstable Equilibrium ...............................................................................
5.1.1.2 Nonlinear Problems ...........................................................................................
5.1.2 Continuous Systems ....................................................................................................
5.1.2.1 Equilibrium ........................................................................................................
5.1.2.1.1 Unstable Equilibrium ...............................................................................
5.1.2.2 Nonlinear Problems ...........................................................................................
5.2 NONLINEAR PLASTIC FORCE APPROACH ..................................................................
5.3 PLATE ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................

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5.4 BEAM ELEMENTS .............................................................................................................

5.4.1 Nonlinear Strain Expressions ......................................................................................
5.4.2 Nonlinear Problems .....................................................................................................
5.5 CONNECTIONS ..................................................................................................................
5.5.1 Joint Flexibility ............................................................................................................
5.5.2 Tubular Connection Capacity ......................................................................................
5.6 FOUNDATION ....................................................................................................................
5.6.1 Pile Representation ......................................................................................................
5.6.2 Soil Representation ......................................................................................................
5.7 REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................

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6.0 SAMPLE PROBLEMS ...............................................................................................................

6.1 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1 ........................................................................................................
6.2 SAMPLE PROBLEM 2 ........................................................................................................

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