Disease states
Vit B2
RDI: 10200mg
Vit B3
RDI: 100300mg
Vit B5
RDI: 20500mg
Cofactor for neurotransmitter synthesis; aids conversion of dopamine in peripheral tissues; synthesis of Avocado, bananas, serotonin, GABA, serine & glycone; conversion of Hcy > glutathione
brewers yeast, carrot, cereal, chicken, egg yolk, ham, legumes, lentils, mackeral, oatmeal, peanuts, salmon, tuna, sunflower seeds, walnuts
Downregulates glucocorticoid receptor activity Immune function (involved in protein metabolism and therefore immune cells) Helps to maintain the status of glutathione (through the methionine-Hcy cycle), a major antioxidant that plays an important role in the replication of lymphocytes Hormone metabolism/ detoxification deficiency causes increased uptake & sensitivity to testosterone; upregulates phase 1 detoxification in the liver Hb synthesis Rapid turnover of cells in the epithelial lining; DNA replication (cellular replication) Endothelial function & NO synthesis (B12) myelin sheath function deficiency; i Hcy neurotoxic demyelination of neurons; conversion of SAMe Inhibits xanthine oxidase Plays a role in the ECT chain for energy production (ATP) reverses fatigue & improves mental performance
Vit B6
RDI: 10150mg
10005000mg/ 300800mg
Barley, beans, eggs, leafy greens, lentils, liver, sprouts, organ meats, soy beans Egg yolk, meat, liver, kidney, oysters, salmon, sardines, swiss cheese
Protects against mucosal damage, increases healing (cross-linking of collagen fibres collagen synthesis); prevents against sperm agglutination Cofactor for conversion into bile acids (7 a-hydroxylase converts cholesterol into bile salts) > h HDL Reduces glycosylation of proteins, decreases sorbitol accumulation, inhibits aldose reductase, and improves endothelial dysfunction Formation of thyroid hormone drives detoxification of thyroid hormone Anti-oxidant electron donor (reducing agent in aqueous solutions blood & within cells); increases glutathione (microsomal metabolising system in the liver to detoxify endogenous toxins) and vitamin E concentrations within cell membranes; decreases LDL oxidation, thereby reducing blood pressure?
Blackcurrants, broccoli, brussel sprouts, citrus fruit, guava, parsley, paw paw, capsicum, pineapple, raw cabbage, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries
Peptic ulcers, Allergic rhinitis, Acne, Eczema, RA, OA, Interstitial cystitis, Male infertility Atherosclerosis Diabetes type 2, Type 1 Diabetes Hyperthyroidism (2000mg split dose) HIV/AIDS, Cancer (<3g), Hypertension, OA, RA, Hepatitis, Hypertension, OA, Bulimia, Autism
Immune support (adaptive & innate) may enhance immune cell functions, such as leukocytes; upregulate NK Hepatitis, CFS, Cancer/Radiation, Allergic rhinitis, RA, Autism, cells first line of defence against tumor cells; interaction with other nutrients such as iron, & in NT synthesis Interstitial cystitis Supporting the adrenal gland modulation of adrenalin/noradrenaline & cortisol ied stress reactivity Inhibits mast cell degranulation and release of histamine Increases cAMP important messenger w/in cells that activate cell function (protein synthesis) Biosynthesis of carnitine, which shuttles LCFAs across the mitochondrial membrane for b-oxidation & FA oxidation for fat oxidation Inhibits platelet aggregation & i blood clotting tendency; stimulates activity of lipoprotein clearance of bile/ cholesterol Cofactor for NT synthesis Maintains endothelial & arterial wall integrity; improves synthesis of glycosaminglycans, thereby reducing venous wall permeability Modulate activity of NO synthesis (vasodilator) Supports phase 1 & 2 of liver detoxification (as antioxidant desicribed above) CFS, Depression, Menopause Food allergy, Otitis media, Asthma, Allergic rhinitis, Eczema, RA, Interstitial cystitis Psoriasis Obesity Atherosclerosis, Hypertension Insomnia, Bulimia, Autism Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, Varicose veins Hypertension RA, Dementia, Autism Gout (500mg/d) Peptic ulcers, Cancer, Acne, Psoriasis, Eczema, Interstitial cystitis, UTI Cancer, any condition that requires anti-oxidant support, Interstitial cystitis IP (5000-10000 IU), Psoriasis (2500IU), GORD, Crohns disease, Cancer, Food allergy, Asthma, Acne (10000IU), Coeliacs disease, Interstitial cystitis, Cystitis/UTI Anaemia Crohns disease, Allergic rhinitis, RA Psoriasis, Eczema, Endometriosis Hypertension, Endometriosis
Vit C
25010,000mg
hs urate excretion (start slowly) Fat soluble vitamins need enzyme lipases & bile in order to b/down into micelle & absorbed > take with food
Immune support production of antibodies & decrease antigen binding (thru SlgA)
Apricots, barley grass, carrots, fish, liver oils, leafy greens, mint, egg yolk
Anti-oxidant quelches free radicals Growth & differentiation of epithelial cells increases integrity, synthesis of tight gap junctions; i epithelial thickening and increases healing; hs cellular adhesion Mobilisation of iron for use in Hb synthesis
Vit A
10,00050,000IU
Vit D
4001600IU
Synthesised by action of sunlight Fish liver oils, butter, egg yolk, milk, sprouted seeds
Immune regulation inhibits the development of autoimmune diseases differentiation and function of macrophages, suppresses inflammatory cytokines and Th1 Immune regulation regulates T cells; increases keratinocyte differentiation & decreases proliferation & inflammation of the skin Plays a role in maintaining blood calcium levels; helps Ca & Mg for muscle relaxation
Anti-oxidant regeneration of other anti-oxidants (protects double-bonds); favourably influences hepatic 5-deiodinase (peroxidation) Anti-inflammatory, and reduction of scarring reduces the production of AA & series 2 & 4 eicosanoids & leukotrines, inhibits phospholipase 2 & COX 2 Improves metabolic control (indirect blood glucose control?); as anticoagulant to reduce risk of hypertension
Almonds, apricot oil, beef, corn, egg yolk, hazel nuts, safflowers, sunflowers, wheat germ
Peptic ulcers, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, HIV/AIDS, Acne, OA, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Endometriosis Gastritis, Peptic ulcers (100mg), IBS, Acne, Eczema, Hypothyroidism (400IU), Atherosclerosis, OA, RA, Gout, OA, Intestitial cystitis, Cystitis/UTI, PMS, Endometriosis Type 2 diabetes Cancer (400500mg), Endometriosis Asthma (400800mg) Gallstones Atherosclerosis, Dementia Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis (400IU) Rheumatoid arthritis, Interstitial cystitis Male infertility PMS, Menopause
Suppression of tumor growth & cell proliferation; i cell adhesions Lowers serum IgE concentrations lower frequency of allergen sensitisation Lowers cholesterol synthesis by suppressing activity of HMG co-A reductase, an enzyme that is responsible for de-nuovo synthesis of cholesterol in the body
Vit E
100800mg
h fibrolytic activity
Reduces histamine release raises threshold of mast cells before it degranulates
Vit K
220mg
Needed for normal cartilage & bone mineralization; for Ca & Vit D status
Osteoarthritis
Minerals
Sesame seeds, almonds, broccoli, buckwheat, egg yolk, leafy greens, vegetables, molasses, dairy, sardines, carob powder, dried figs
Bone mineralisation/ density Assists in the release of insulin Ionised serum Ca helps initiate smooth & skeletal muscle contraction > i cramps; NS support
Hyperthyroidism, Anorexia Diabetes H/A & migraine, PMS Hypertension Kidney stones
Ca
RDI: 800-1000mg
10002000mg
hs sodium excretion (esp in salt sensitive ppl); hypertension in pregnancy may prevent pre-eclampsia
In calcium stones binds with oxalate and prevents absorption; binds & solubilises calcium ions
Smooth muscle contraction & motility decreases vascular tone and contractility muscular function of blood IBS, Asthma, Hypertension, Fibromyalgia, Anxiety, PMS vessels. Acts as a calcium channel regulator, with Ca & vitamin K. Vasodilation of blood vessels.
Almonds, barley, brewers yeast, cashews, cocoa, cod, lima beans, figs, mineral water, molasses, parsnips, soy beans, whole grain cereals, kelp, eggs, seeds
NS support neuromuscular transmission; reduce HPA reactivity; dopamine cofactor, i tremors, trembling, twitching, muscle rigidity, and cramps Secretion of thyroxine
Hyperthyroidism, IBS, Fibromyalgia, Insomnia, H/A & migraine, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, Bulimia, ADHD, PMS, Menopause, Endometriosis Hyperthyroidism Alzeimers, Depression, Anorexia, Autism Type 1 diabetes, Diabetes type 2, Hypertension, Dementia, Autism, PMS, PCOS Kidney stones PMS, Endometriosis
Mg
3001000mg
is hyperexcitability of neuronal tissue reduce neural death, NT synthesis including acetylcholine, needed for
energy as a cofactor in energy-producing pathways (ATP) Glucose metabolism for the enzymatic reaction involving the translocation of Glut4 to cell surface for the disposal of glucose into the cell helps control insulin sensitivity
Iron
1550mg
(pro-oxidant)
Almonds, apricots, avocado, oysters, parsley, pine nuts, soy beans, poultry, sunflower & pumpkin seeds, red wine, yeast
Correct anaemia > decrease blood losses > also for ETC and formation of haemoglobin
Ulcerative colitis, HIV/AIDS (only if iron deficient), Iron deficiency anaemia Depression, ADHD (often low in children) HIV/AIDS Hypochlorhydria, Dysbiosis, Eczema ADHD, Endometriosis Dysbiosis (20-40mg), GORD, Cancer (<20mg), Autism, Interstitial cystitis Insomnia, Parkinsons, Depression, Anorexia, Bulimia, ADHD, Autism Intestinal permeability (20-40mg), Crohns disease, Dysbiosis (20-40mg), Food allergy, Asthma, ADHD, Interstitial cystitis Peptic ulcers, CFS, Interstitial cystitis, Anaemia Peptic ulcers, CFS, Cancer, Male infertility, Endometriosis Type 2 diabetes, PCOS Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism (may be deficient), Depression (sub-clinical thyroid deficiency) Type 1 Diabetes Acne (zinc gluconate 30mg for 2mo) Acne (can also apply topically), BHP Autism Endometriosis PCOS Anaemia Type 2 diabetes, Acne (skin diabetes due to high GI), ADHD (only if insulin resistant), PCOS Hypothyroidism
Zinc
10100mg (20-40)
(def in AIDS -15mg)
Meat, liver egg yolks, seafood [best sources] miso, tofu, mushrooms, pumpkin seeds, nuts, legumes
Coding for protein synthesis cofactors for DNA & RNA polymerases Anti-oxidant cofactor for superoxide dismutase (important antioxidant defence in cells exposed to oxygen) Production, storage & function of insulin; insulin sensitivity T4 production, cofactor for some deiodinases (T4-T3); regulates th1 for immune support Helps protect beta cell destruction Bacteriostatic inhibits P. acne resistant to erythromycin Anti-androgenic inhibits the conversion of testosterone to DHT by inhiting 5-alpha-reductase activity; inhibits the binding of hormones to cellular receptor molecules - h excretion, inhibits prolactin secretion Correcting elevated Cu, metalothyamine? (have defect in production; involved in detoxification) Modulates inflammatory cytokines Normal development of the ovum, deficiency associated with impaired synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH, abnormal ovarian development and disruption of oestrogen cycle Hb synthesis; Vit A metabolism > regulates retinol metabolism & may directly affect iron metabolism
Chromium Iodine
100300mcg 1001000mcg
Brewers yeast, eggs, liver, apples Iodised salt, kelp, seafood Meat, fish, broccoli, yoghurt, bananas, kiwi, dried apricots
h insulin sensitivity, increases the number of insulin receptors present on the cells
Endocrine modulator, synthesis of thyroid hormones (look at tests first) Important for nerve transmission (heart) insulin synergism and energy production For losses due to purging (vomiting)
Potassium
39g
Anorexia, Bulimia
Antioxidant hs glutathione peroxidation & for regeneration of other antioxidants. Reduced glutathione peroxidase activity may result in intracellular accumulation of ROS, which increases damage & enhances inflammation; plays a role in regulating spermatogenesis. Se def may be responsible for ied germ cell number, differentiation. Serum Se positively correlates with serum testosterone levels.
Fish, shellfish, grains, garlic, mushrooms, brazil nuts
Hepatitis, Asthma, Atherosclerosis, RA (100-200mcg), Dementia, Parkinsons, Autism, Prostatitis, Male infertility Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism HIV/AIDS (200mcg), Asthma (<400mcg), RA, Autism, Prostatitis Psoriasis Atherosclerosis, RA (100-200mcg), Autism, Prostatitis Atherosclerosis BHP Dysbiosis (1-6g away from food) IP (< 6g away from food), Cancer
Thyroid hormone production, supports thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism, and protects the thyroid gland from damage by excessive iodine exposure; lowers autoantibodies Immune function reduces the risk of developing opportunistic infection
Selenium
200600mcg
h growth stimulating hormone inhibits 5-lipo-oxygenase pathway (inflammatory) i inflam controls excessive production of peroxidative substrates and may down regulate cytokine
signalling Protects endothelial lining from damage mechanism? May help to prevent enlarged prostate (inhibits Cd-induced stimulation of the epithelium of the prostate)
Amino acids
Preferable food source for gastric mucosa Glutamine 2501000mg
Cabbage, beans, dairy products, beef
PRO synthesis > fuel source for epithelial cells & lymphocytes > promotes bowel healing, gut mucosal growth, IP (< 6g away from food), Crohns disease, Cancer/ hair growth Chemotherapy Precursor for GABA Anxiety Hypochlorhydria
Histadine
5005000mg
Bananas, cheese, egg, fish, legumes, whey protein Turkey, beef, dairy, soy beans, salmon, nuts and seeds Seafood, soy protein, nuts (almonds, peanuts, pecans) dairy Dairy, beef, avocado, pumpkin seeds, soy beans
Converts into histamine & stimulates the release of HCI? Serotonin synthesis, mood, pain tolerance
Tryptophan
(5HTP)
200400mg
CFS, Menopause, Fibromyalgia, Insomnia, H/A & migraine, Parkinsons, Depression, Anxiety, Bulimia, Menopause Immune function Hypertension, Interstitial cystitis Male infertility Hypothyroidism, Depression (may be sub-clinical) Depression, ADHA, Anorexia Obesity, MS, Male infertility (2g)
Arginine
400600mg
Tyrosine
4006000mg
Carnitine
4006000mg
hs neural energy production for mental stimulation, protects neurons from toxins, maintains neuron receptors, CFS, Alzeimers disease hs availability of acetylcholine, promotes the synthesis and release of Ach, and repair of neuronal damage
Involved in carnitine synthesis, important component of hormonal proteins Herpes simplex/ infection
Lysine
1000-2000mg
Upregulates proteoglycan synthesis of chondrocytes SAMe 2001000mg For depressed patients with low folate and for promoting neurotransmitter synthesis & release; maintaining Produced from ATP quality of cell membrane, receptor binding Involved in detoxifcation & liver health Alanine & glycine 4006000mg/ 430g
Meat, seafood
OA OA, Fibromyalgia, Insomnia, Depression, Anxiety Dementia Gout Schizophrenia Dysbiosis (2gr/D), GORD, Gallstones, IBS, Crohns disease, HIV/AIDS, Cancer (<3g), Food allergy (2g), Asthma, Allergic rhinitis, Eczema (2g), OA, RA, Gout, H/A & migraine, Depression, Interstitial cystitis, BHP, PMS, Endometriosis Type 2 diabetes, Obesity, Atherosclerosis, Bipolar (associated with lipid peroxidation), PCOS Dysbiosis (2gr/D), GORD, Hypothyroidism, Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, MS, Depression, Bipolar, ADHD, Autism, Male infertility, PCOS Dysbiosis (2gr/D), Food allergy Gallstones (caution can irritate), Atherosclerosis Type 2 diabetes, Obesity CFS (15003000mg high potency liquid) Acne Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis ADHD Atherosclerosis Male infertility IP (900mg), Asthma, Prostatitis, BHP IP (900mg), IBS, Radiation, Food allergy (14mg), Asthma, Psoriasis, UC, Interstitial cystitis, Prostatitis, BHP IP (900mg), Asthma, Allergic rhinitis, Prostatitis, Interstitial cystitis Allergic rhinitis Psoriasis (350mg)
EFA
Anti-inflammatory reduces synthesis of TNF-a, a key inflammatory mediator; competes with arachadonic acid for incorporation into the cell; produces its own ecosanoids; is overall inflammatory state of CNS; is lipid peroxidation Improves serum lipids (i small dense LDL), i body fat deposition (via i lipogenesis), h thermogenesis & carbohydrate synthesis, h lipid oxidation = controls triglyceride levels Supporting, healing, and quality of membranes (cell membrane fluidity and integrity receptor function; stabilises electrical potential of myocytes cell membrane depolarisation and contraction); modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission > helps with neuronal communication Helps adhesion of probiotics to gut lining
h phospholipid concentration in bile, decreases cholesterol saturation of bile (helps to emulsify & keep bile in
EPA/DHA (n-3) 34g
Fish (Herring & sardines are highest sources), flaxseeds, walnuts, chia seeds, eggs,
i BP possible EPA stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis & increased NO production (both vasodilators);
or improved ANS function, & inhibition of of the adrenal activation anti-arhythmic; stabilises plaque or atheroma; protective to myocardial cells via increasing elasticity Deficiency symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, dry skin, dry hair, dandruff, brittle nails, hyperfollicular keratoses Alters gene transcription Energy production in sperm cells
Bioflavonoids
Antioxidant inhibits lipid peroxidation Anti-inflammatory inhibits phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenase LT4 Quercetin 300900mg
Fruits, vegetables (leafy greens), grains, green tea
Stabilises mast cells and inhibits degranulation Inhibits hyaluronidase (breaks down collagen matrix) epithelial lining Increases cAMP for correct proliferation range
h integrity of the venous wall, reduce capillary fragility, decrease vascular permeability > improve venous
Bioflavonoids
Citrus, tea (white & green), berries, pulses, wine, dark chocolate
tone
Intestinal bacteria
Inhibitory effect on H pylori > improves eradication when added to antibiotic treatment May reduce production of secondary bile salts Suppresses low-grade inflammation (modulates cytokine production) Restores local immune function immunomodulatory Probiotics
Yoghurt
Gastritis, Crohns disease Gallstones IBS, Crohns disease, UC IBS, Cancer/Chemotherapy, Otitis media, Autism IBS IBS, RA, Cystitis/UTI IBS Crohns disease, Eczema, UC, IBS Crohns disease, UC
Lactobacilli & Bifidobacteria subspecies deconjugate and restore bile acids, reducing the colonic mucosal secretion of mucin and fluids that may contribute to functional diarrhoea Antagonise pathogens, suppression of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) Influence both motility and visceral sensation Improves epithelial and mucosal barrier function
Prebiotics
Enzymes
Improves energetics of cellular immune system (mitochondrial activity) acts as cytochrome w/in the ETC
Beef (highest concentrations in the heart), pork, fish, soybean and olive oils, nuts and seeds
CFS, Fibromyalgia, H/A & migraine, Alzheimers Disease, Parkinsons, Male infertility CFS Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, Male infertility Atherosclerosis, Hypertension CFS, MS, Dementia Type 2 Diabetes Chemotherapy Pancreatic insufficiency OA, Gout
Improves IgG levels in infection and prevents depletion of ATP Anti-clotting promotes blood flow in the body Antioxidant concentrated in the mitochondrial mid-piece > protect motility of sperm cells; used for older males (>40yrs) w high oxidative stress (lifestyle) Promotes healthy heart energetics oxygen utilisation in the heart & i BP (mild amount) Improves ATP synthesis and mitochondrial function
Co-enz Q10
90600mg
100-400mg
(split dose)
Spinach, broccoli, organ meats Uncooked plant foods, pineapple, papaya Pineapple
101000mg 1501600mg
(away from food)
RA RA RA
Modulates adhesion to molecules Breaks down immune complexes whilst in transit in the blood
Carotenoids
Lycopene 1040mg
Raw tomato, tomato juice, grapefruit, papaya
Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis, BHP OA, RA, Varicose veins Interstitial cystitis MS, Alzeimers ADHD OA RA
Other nutrients
Glucosamine 1500mg
Parsley, spinach, cartilage tissue
Phosphatidylserine
200400mg
1000mg 1000mg
Shark, fish & bird cartilage Sunflower seeds, garlic, lentils, soybeans, yogurt