World Applied Sciences Journal 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011

ISSN 1818-4952
IDOSI Publications, 2011

Corresponding Author: A. Khan, Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad,
Pakistan
1761
Speed of Longitudinal and Transverse Plane Elastic Waves
in Rotating and Non-Rotating Anisotropic Mediums

A. Khan, S. Islam, M. Khan and I. Siddiqui

Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

Abstract: In this article, we study the rotational effects on the speed of longitudinal and transverse wave
propagates along the coordinate planes and axes. The mediums considered are isotropic, transversely
isotropic, orthotropic, monoclinic and general anisotropic. It is observed that results from rotating to non-
rotating mediums cannot be obtained neither results of one medium can be derived from the others. It is
further observed that rotational effect decreases the number of the longitudinal and transverse waves and
the number of the longitudinal and transverse waves decreases with the increase of anisotropy.

Key words: Isotropic, Transversely isotropic, Orthotropic, Monoclinic, Longitudina and transverse waves

INTRODUCTION

Speed of longitudinal and transverse waves in
elastic bodies were discussed by a number of authors
from the beginning of 19
th
century but Schoenberg and
Censor [1] have consider the effect of rotation on plane
waves propagating in an isotropic medium. They
showed that in a rotating isotropic medium three waves
can propagate. They also showed that longitudinal or
transverse wave can exist only if the direction of
propagation and axis of rotation are either parallel or
perpendicular, which is evident from Table 1.1 of
section 1.
Propagation of waves in the transversely isotropic
medium has been discussed by a number of
authors/researches but Chadwick [2] has discussed in
detail in non-rotating medium. He showed that three
waves propagate in transversely isotropic medium. In
section 2, we extend the case for rotating medium. In
sections 3, 4 and 5 rotational effects on the speed of the
longitudinal and transverse waves are discussed in
the orthotropic, monoclinic and anisotropic mediums
respectively.

ISOTROPIC MEDIUM

Wave propagation in the non-rotating isotropic
medium: The constitutive equations of motion in the
absence of body forces in the non-rotating medium can
be written as [3]:

( )
j,ji i,jj i
u u u , i , j 1,2,3 + + && (1.1)
where is the density, u
i
is the displacement vector and
, are Lamis constants. For a plane wave we assume
the solution of the form:


i j j i
u Aexp[ik(xn ct)]p (1.2)

where n
i
and p
i
are respectively the propagation and
polarization vectors of the wave. A is the amplitude of
the wave, c is the wave speed and k is wave number.
The secular equation is

( )
( )
2
i j j i
n n p c p 0 + + (1.3)

It is known that in isotropic medium longitudinal
and transverse wave does propagate in all directions
with speeds [3]:

L
2
c
+

and
T
c

respectively.
Wave propagation in the rotating medium
The equation of motion in the absence of body
forces in the rotating medium can be written as
follows [1]:

( )
2
ij,j i j j i i ijk j k
u u u 2 u + + && & (1.4)

Assume that the body is rotating about
x
3
-axis. Then
i
= (0,0,1), the secular equation
becomes
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1762

Table 1.1: Longitudinal and transverse wave speed in a rotating isotropic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of longitudinal wave m/s Speed of transverse wave m/s
x1-axis Nil

x2-axis Nil

x3-axis
2 2 +

2 2
2 2 2
_ _ _
+ t +


, , ,

x1x2-plane cL2

x2x3-plane Nil Nil
x1x3-plane Nil Nil

( ) { } { }
2 2 2 2 2
i j i j j i ijk j k
k n n p k k c p 2ik c p 0 + + + (1.5)

Speed of the longitudinal and transverse waves is given in Table 1.1.
where
k

. Rotational effect allows the longitudinal waves to move only along the axis of rotation subject to
2
2 +

and perpendicular to the plane of it, while the speed of the transverse wave, propagate along the axis of
rotation, depend upon and does not propagate in the planes containing the axis of rotation. The results of Table 1.1
are agreed with Schoenberg and Censor [1].

TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIUM

Basic equations and solution of the problem: It is known that the generalized Hookes law for transversely
isotropic medium, taking x
3
-axis as the axis of the symmetry of the medium is:


( )
11 12 13
11 11
21 11 13
22 22
31 13 33
33 33
44
23 23
44
13 13
12 12 11 12
c c c 0 0 0
c c c 0 0 0
c c c 0 0 0
0 0 0 c 0 0
2
0 0 0 0 c 0
2
1
2 0 0 0 0 0 c c
2
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1

1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
] ]
1
]

(2.1)

Thus secular equation in component form is:


( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) { } ( ) { }
2 2 2 2
11 1 11 12 2 44 3 1 11 12 1 2 2 13 44 1 3 3
2 2 2 2
11 12 1 2 1 11 12 1 11 2 44 3 2 13 44 2 3 3
2 2 2
13 44 1 3 1 13 44 2 3 2 44 1 44 2 33 3
1 1
c n c c n c n c p c c n n p c c n n p 0
2 2
1 1
c c n n p c c n c n c n c p c c n n p 0
2 2
c c n n p c c n n p c n c n c n

+ + + + + +
' ; ' ;


+ + + + + +
' ; ' ;

+ + + + + + { }
2
3
c p 0

'

(2.2)

The speed of the longitudinal and transverse waves are given in Table 2.1.
It is observed that two waves propagate along the plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry where as three
waves propagate in the other directions. It is also noted that along the co-ordinate axes one longitudinal and two
transverse waves exist where as in the co-ordinate planes two longitudinal and one transverse wave exist except the
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1763

Table 2.1: Longitudinal and transverse wave speed in transversely isotropic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of longitudinal wave m/s Speed of transverse wave m/s
x1-axis
11
c

11 22 44
T1 T2
c c c
c ,c
2

x2-axis
11
L
c
c

11 22 44
T1 T2
c c c
c ,c
2

x3-axis
33
L
c
c

33 44
T1 T2
c c
c , c


x1x2-plane
11
L
c
c

44
T
c
c

x2x3-plane
( )
2 2
11 2 13 44 3
L1
c n c 2c n
c
+ +

,
( )
2 2
33 3 13 44 2
L2
c n c 2c n
c
+ +

2 2 11 12
2 44 3
T
c c
n c n
2
c

x1x3-plane
( )
2 2
11 1 13 44 3
L1
c n c 2c n
c
+ +

,
( )
2 2
33 3 13 44 1
L2
c n c 2c n
c
+ +

2 2 11 12
1 44 3
T
c c
n c n
2
c

Table 2.2: Longitudinal and transverse wave speed in rotating transversely isotropic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of longitudinal wave m/s Speed of transverse wave m/s
x1-axis Nil
44
c

x2-axis Nil
44
c

x3-axis
33
c

T
x1x2-plane Nil
44
c

x2x3-plane
2
33 3
c n

Nil
x1x3-plane
( )
2 2 2
11 1 13 44 3
2
c n c 2c n
k
+ +

,
( )
2 2
33 3 13 44 1
c n c 2c n + +

Nil

plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. The results of Table 2.1 are in good agreement with the results
produced by Chadwick [2].

Elastic wave propagation in a rotating transversely isotropic medium: Transversely isotropic medium rotating
with a uniform angular velocity is considered. By using equation (1.4) and by choosing same
i
, the equation of
motion for the rotating medium becomes,


( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
11 1 11 12 2 44 3 1 11 12 1 2 2 13 44 1 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
11 12 1 2 1 11 12 1 11 2 44 3 2 13 44
1 1
c n c c n c n c k p c c n n k 2ikc p c c n n k p 0
2 2
1 1
c c n n k 2ikc p c c n c n c n c k p c c
2 2
_ _
+ + + + + + +
' ; ' ;
, ,
_ _
+ + + + + + +
' ; ' ;

, ,
{ }
( ) { } ( ) { } { }
2
2 3 3
2 2 2 2
13 44 1 3 1 13 44 2 3 2 44 1 44 2 33 3 3
n n k p 0
c c n n p c c n n p c n c n c n c p 0

'

+ + + + + +

(2.3)
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1764

Table 3.1: Speed of longitudinal and transverse waves in orthotropic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of Longitudinal waves m/c Speed of Transverse waves m/s
x1-axis
11
c

66 55
c c
,


x2-axis
22
c

66 44
c c
,


x3-axis
33
c

55 44
c c
,


x1x2-plane 1 and 2
2 2
55 1 44 2
c n c n +

x2x3-plane 3 and 4
2 2
66 2 55 3
c n c n +

x1x3-plane 5 and 6
2 2
66 1 44 3
c n c n +

The speed of the longitudinal and transverse waves along the co-ordinate axes and planes are shown in
Table 2.2.
Where,
2
2 2 4 2
2 2
44 44 44 44 2 2 4 2
T
2c 2 2c 2 4 c 2 c
k k k k
v
2
_ _
+ t + +

, ,

Rotational effect allows the longitudinal wave to move along the axis of symmetry/rotation and planes
containing it whereas transverse waves dont propagate in the planes containing axis of rotation.

ORTHOTROPIC MEDIUM

Basic equations and solution of the problem for the non-rotating material: It is known that the generalized
Hookes law for orthotropic medium is [3]:


11 12 13 11 11
12 22 23 22 22
13 23 33 33 33
44 23 23
55 13 13
66 12 12
c c c 0 0 0
c c c 0 0 0
c c c 0 0 0
0 0 0 c 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 c 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 c 2
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]
(3.1)

The equation of motion in the absence of body forces in an elastic medium by using the constitutive equations
for the orthotropic material is


2 2 2 2
11 1 66 2 55 3 1 12 66 1 2 2 13 55 1 3 3
2 2 2 2
12 66 1 2 1 66 1 22 2 44 3 2 23 44 2 3 3
2 2 2 2
13 55 1 3 1 23 44 2 3 2 55 1 44 2 33 3 3
( c c n c n c n )p (c c ) n n p (c c ) n n p 0
(c c ) n n p ( c c n c n c n )p (c c ) n n p 0
(c c ) n n p (c c )n n p ( c c n c n c n )p 0
+ +

+ + +
;

+ + +

(3.2)

Speed of longitudinal and transverse waves in the medium is presented in the Table 3.1.
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1765

Table 3.2: Rotational effects on the longitudinal and transverse waves in orthotropic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of Longitudinal waves m/c Speed of Transverse waves m/s
x1-axis Nil
55
c

x2-axis Nil
44
c

x3-axis
33
c

2 2 2 44 55 44 55 44 55
c c c c c c
( ) ( ) 2( )
2 2
+ +
+ t +


x1x2-plane Nil
2 2
55 1 44 2
c n c n +

x2x3-plane Nil Nil
x1x3-plane Nil Nil

where,
2 2 2
11 1 66 22 2
2 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 11 1 66 22 2
1 11 66 1 12 1 2 11 22 1 2
2 2 4
12 66 1 2 22 66 2
(c n c c n )
c n c c n 1
v 4(c c n c n n c c n n
2 2 2 2
2c c n n c c n )
+ +
+ + +

+



2 2 2
11 1 66 22 2
2 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 11 1 66 22 2
2 11 66 1 12 1 2 11 22 1 2
2 2 4
12 66 1 2 22 66 2
(c n c c n )
c n c c n 1
v 4(c c n c n n c c n n
2 2 2 2
2c c n n c c n )
+ +
+ + + +

+


In a similar way
3
,
4
,
5
and
6
can be calculated.
From the Table 3.1 it is observed that along the axes one longitudinal and two transverse waves, where as in
coordinate planes one transverse and two longitudinal waves exist.

Rotational effects on the elastic wave propagation in orthotropic medium: The equation of motion in the
absence of body forces in rotating orthotropic medium can be written as follows


( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
11 1 66 2 55 3 1 12 66 1 2 2 13 55 1 3 3 2
2
2 2 2 2
12 66 1 2 1 66 1 22 2 44 3 2 23 44 2 3 3 2
2 2
13 55 1 3 1 23 44 2 3 2 55 1
c c n c n c n p 2i c c c n n p c c n n p 0
k k
2i c c c n n p c c n c n c n p c c n n p 0
k k
c c n n p c c n n p c c n

+ + + +
' ; ' ;



+ + + +
' ; ' ;

+ + + ( )
2 2
44 2 33 3 3
c n c n p 0

'

(3.3)

Speed of Longitudinal and transverse waves in rotating orthotropic medium are shown in the Table 3.2
It is noted that rotational effect restricts the longitudinal waves to move only along the axis of rotation, whereas
the transverse waves dont exist in planes containing axis of rotation.

MONOCLINIC MEDIUM

Elastic wave propagation in non-rotating monoclinic medium: Generalized Hookes law for monoclinic
material, where x
2
= 0 is the plane of symmetry, can be written as follows [4]:
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1766

Table 4.1: Longitudinal and transverse wave speed in a stationary monoclinic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of longitudinal wave m/s Speed of transverse wave m/s
x1-axis Nil
66
T
c
c

x2-axis
22
L
c
c

T1 and T2
x3-axis Nil
44
T
c
c

x1x2-plane Nil Nil
x2x3-plane Nil Nil
x1x3-plane L1 and L2 T3


11 12 13 15 11 11
21 22 23 25 22 22
31 32 33 35 33 33
44 46 23 23
51 52 53 55 13 13
46 66 12 12
c c c 0 c 0
c c c 0 c 0
c c c 0 c 0
0 0 0 c 0 c 2
c c c 0 c 0 2
0 0 0 c 0 c 2
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]
(4.1)

The equation of motion in the component form can be written as follows


{ } ( ) ( ) { }
( ) { }
( ) ( ) { } { }
( ) ( ) { }
( )
2 2 2 2
11 1 15 1 3 66 2 55 3 12 66 1 2 46 25 2 3 2
2 2 2
13 55 1 3 15 1 46 2 35 3 3
2 2 2 2
12 66 1 2 46 25 2 3 1 46 1 3 66 1 22 2 44 3 2
25 46 1 2 23 44 2 3 3
13 55 1 3 15
c n 2c n n c n c n c c c n n c c n n p
c c n n c n c n c n p 0
c c n n c c n n p 2c n n c n c n c n c p
c c n n c c n n p 0
c c n n c
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ +
{ } ( ) ( ) { }
{ }
2 2 2
1 46 2 35 3 1 23 44 2 3 46 25 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
35 1 3 55 1 44 2 33 3 3
n c n c n p c c n n c c n n p
2c n n c n c n c n c p 0

'

+ + + + + +

+ + + +

(4.2)

Table 4.1 shows the speed of the longitudinal and
transverse waves for monoclinic medium.
Where,

( )
2
2 2 3
11 1 13 55 3 15 1 3 35
1
L1 L1
n
c n c 2c n 3c n n c
n
v c
+ + + +

( )
2
2 2 1
33 3 13 55 1 35 1 3 15
3
L2 L2
n
c n c 2c n 3c n n c
n
v c
+ + + +

( )
2
2
44 66 44 66 46
T1 T1
(c c ) c c 4c
v c
2
+ + +

( )
2
2
44 66 44 66 46
T2 T2
(c c ) c c 4c
v c
2
+ +

and.
2 2
66 1 44 3 46 1 3
T3 SV
c n c n 2c n n
v c
+ +

Elastic wave propagation in rotating monoclinic
medium: The equation of motion in the absence of
body forces in the rotating medium can be written in
component form as follows,

{ }
( ) ( ) { }
( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
2 2 2 2 2 2
11 1 15 1 3 66 2 55 3 1
2
12 66 1 2 46 25 2 3 2
2 2 2 2
13 55 1 3 15 1 46 2 35 3 3
2
12 66 1 2 46 25 2 3 1
2 2 2
46 1 3 66 1 22 2 44 3
c n 2c n n c n c n c k p
c c n n c c n n k 2ikc p
c c n n c n c n c n k p 0,
c c n n c c n n k 2ikc p
2c n n c n c n c n c
1 + + +
]
1 + + + + +
]
1
+ + + + +
]
1 + + +
]
+ + + + { }
( ) ( ) { }
( ) { }
( ) ( ) { }
{ }
2 2 2
2
2
25 46 1 2 23 44 2 3 3
2 2 2
13 55 1 3 15 1 46 2 35 3 1
23 44 2 3 46 25 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
35 1 3 55 1 44 2 33 3 3
k p
c c n n c c n n k p 0,
c c n n c n c n c n p
c c n n c c n n p
2c n n c n c n c n c p 0.

'
]

1 + + + +
]

+ + + +

+ + + +

+ + + +

(4.3)
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1767

Table 4.2: Longitudinal and transverse wave speed in a rotating monoclinic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of longitudinal wave m/s Speed of transverse wave m/s
x1-axis Nil
2
66 55
T1 T2 2
c c
c ,c
k

x2-axis Nil Nil
x3-axis Nil Nil
x1x2-plane Nil Nil
x2x3-plane Nil Nil
x1x3-plane Nil Nil

Table 5.1: Longitudinal and transverse wave speed in anisotropic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of longitudinal wave m/s Speed of transverse wave m/s
x1-axis Nil T1
x2-axis Nil T2
x3-axis Nil T3
x1x2-plane L1 Nil
x2x3-plane L2 Nil
x1x3-plane L3 Nil

Table 4.2 shows the speed of the longitudinal and transverse waves in rotating monoclinic medium.
It is clear from Table 4.2 that longitudinal waves exist, neither along the coordinate axis nor in the coordinate
planes. Two transverse waves propagate when
2
66
2
c
k

otherwise only one transverse wave propagates with

constant speed
55
c

. It is also noted that transverse wave neither exist along the axis of rotation nor along the axis
of symmetry.

ANISOTROPIC MEDIUM

Elastic wave propagation in general anisotropic medium: The constitutive equations for anisotropic medium are
as follows,


11 12 13 14 15 16 11 11
21 22 23 24 25 26 22 22
31 32 33 34 35 36 33 33
41 42 43 44 45 46 23 23
51 52 53 54 55 56 13 13
61 62 63 64 65 66 12 12
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c 2
c c c c c c 2
c c c c c c 2
1 1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1

1 1
1 1
] ] ]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(5.1)

The equation of motion in the component form can be written as,


{ }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
11 1 66 2 55 3 15 1 3 16 1 2 65 2 3 1
2 2 2
12 66 1 2 46 25 2 3 56 14 1 3 16 1 62 2 54 3 2
2 2 2
13 55 1 3 14 65 1 2 63 54 2 3 15 1 46 2 35 3 3
12 66 1 2 46 25 2 3 5
c n c n c n 2c n n 2c n n 2c n n c p
c c n n c c n n c c n n c n c n c n p
c c n n c c n n c c n n c n c n c n p 0,
c c n n c c n n c
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + ( ) { }
{ }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
6 14 1 3 16 1 62 2 54 3 1
2 2 2 2
66 1 22 2 44 3 46 1 3 26 1 2 24 2 3 2
2 2 2
65 1 24 2 43 3 25 46 1 2 23 44 2 3 63 45 1 3 3
2 2
13 55 1 3 14 65 1 2 63 54 2 3 15 1 46 2 3
c n n c n c n c n p
c n c n c n 2c n n 2c n n 2c n n c p
c n c n c n c c n n c c n n c c n n p 0,
c c n n c c n n c c n n c n c n c
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
{ }
2
5 3 1
2 2 2
65 1 24 2 43 3 25 46 1 2 23 44 2 3 63 45 1 3 2
2 2 2 2
55 1 44 2 33 3 35 1 3 54 1 2 43 2 3 3
n p
c n c n c n c c n n c c n n c c n n p
c n c n c n 2c n n 2c n n 2c n n c p 0.

'

+ + + + + + + + +

+ + + + +

(5.2)
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1768

Table 5.1 shows the speed of longitudinal and transverse waves in general anisotropic medium.
Where,

( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
11 1 66 2 16 1 2 2
2 2
11 66 1 22 66 2 2 2 2 2
11 66 1 22 66 2 16 62 1 2 66 1 22 2 26 1 2
16 62 1 2
2
2 2
61 1 26 2 66 21 1 2
L1
c n c n 2c n n
c c n c c n
c c n c c n 2 c c n n 4 c n c n 2c n n
2 c c n n
c n c n c c n n
v
2

+ +

+ + +

+ + + + + t + +
' ; ' ;
+ +


+ + +

exist if
( )
( )
2 2
56 1 42 2 52 46 1 2 1
2 2
2 51 1 46 2 56 41 1 2
c n c n c c n n p
p c n c n c c n n
+ + +

+ + +
holds, otherwise not.

( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
22 2 44 3 24 2 3 2
2 2
22 44 2 44 33 3 2 2 2 2
22 44 2 44 33 3 24 43 2 3 44 2 33 3 43 2 3
24 43 2 3
2
2 2
24 2 43 3 23 44 2 3
L2
c n c n 2c n n
c c n c c n
c c n c c n 2 c c n n 4 c n c n 2c n n
2 c c n n
c n c n c c n n
v
2

+ +

+ + +

+ + + + + t + +
' ; ' ;
+ +


+ + +

exist if
( )
( )
2 2
46 2 53 3 63 54 2 3 2
2 2
3 62 2 54 3 52 46 2 3
c n c n c c n n p
p c n c n c c n n
+ + +

+ + +
holds, otherwise not.

( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
11 1 55 3 15 1 3 2
2 2
11 55 1 33 45 3 2 2 2 2
11 55 1 33 45 3 15 35 1 3 55 1 33 3 53 1 3
15 35 1 3
2
2 2
15 1 53 3 13 55 1 3
L3
c n c n 2c n n
c c n c c n
c c n c c n 2 c c n n 4 c n c n 2c n n
2 c c n n
c n c n c c n n
v
2

+ +

+ + +

+ + + + + t + +
' ; ' ;
+ +


+ + +

exist if
( )
( )
2 2
65 1 43 3 63 54 1 3 1
2 2
3 61 1 54 3 65 41 1 3
c n c n c c n n p
p c n c n c c n n
+ + +

+ + +
holds, otherwise not.

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
66 55 55 66 55 66 65
T1
c c c c 4 c c c
v
2
+ t +

exist if
2 15
3 16
p c
p c
holds, otherwise not.

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
44 66 44 66 44 66 65
T2
c c c c 4 c c c
v
2
+ t +

exist if
1 24
3 26
p c
p c
holds, otherwise not.

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
44 55 44 55 44 55 45
T3
c c c c 4 c c c
v
2
+ t +

exist if
1 34
3 35
p c
p c
holds, otherwise not.
World Appl. Sci. J., 15 (12): 1761-1769, 2011
1769

Table 5.2: Longitudinal and transverse wave speed in rotating general anisotropic medium
Direction of propagation along Speed of longitudinal wave m/s Speed of transverse wave m/s
x1-axis Nil Nil
x2-axis Nil Nil
x3-axis Nil Nil
x1x2-plane Nil Nil
x2x3-plane Nil Nil
x1x3-plane Nil Nil

Elastic wave propagation in rotating general anisotropic medium: The equation of motion in the absence of
body forces in a rotating elastic medium can be written in component form as follows,


( ) { } { } { }
{ } ( ) { } { }
{ } { } { }
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 5 2 6 3
2 2 2 2 2
5 1 2 2 4 3
2
6 1 4 2 3 3
s c k p s k 2ikc p s k p 0
s k 2ikc p s c k p s k p 0
s p s p s c p 0.

+ + +

+ +
'

+ +

(5.3)
where
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 11 1 66 2 55 3 15 1 3 16 1 2 65 2 3
2 2 2
2 66 1 22 2 44 3 46 1 3 26 1 2 24 2 3
2 2 2
3 55 1 44 2 33 3 35 1 3 54 1 2 43 2 3
2 2 2
4 65 1 24 2 43 3 25 46 1 2 23 44 2 3 6
s c n c n c n 2c n n 2c n n 2c n n
s c n c n c n 2c n n 2c n n 2c n n
s c n c n c n 2c n n 2c n n 2c n n
s c n c n c n c c n n c c n n c
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + + + ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 45 1 3
2 2 2
5 12 66 1 2 46 25 2 3 56 14 1 3 16 1 62 2 54 3
2 2 2
6 13 55 1 3 14 65 1 2 63 54 2 3 15 1 46 2 35 3
c n n
s c c n n c c n n c c n n c n c n c n
s c c n n c c n n c c n n c n c n c n
+
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +


It is observed that due to the rotation there do not
propagate any longit udinal and transverse wave in
general anisotropic material, neither along the
coordinate axes nor in the coordinate plane.
It is an interesting that in rotating general
anisotropic medium neither longitudinal nor transverse
wave propagate along co-ordinate axes and planes.

CONCLUSION

In isotropic medium longitudinal and transverse
waves propagates in all directions simultaneously
whereas in rotating medium the longitudinal wave
propagate along the axis of rotation and perpendicular
to the plane of the axis of rotation but the transverse
wave propagate everywhere except in the planes
containing the axes of rotation. It is further observed
that the results of Table 1.1 are in agreement with
Schoenberg and Censor [1].
In transversely isotropic mediums longitudinal
wave propagates only along the axis of rotation and
plane containing the axis of rotation whereas transverse
wave does not propagates in the plane containing the
axis of rotation. Rotational effect also reduces the
number of waves along the coordinate planes and axes.
It is further observed that the speed of the longitudinal
and transverse waves depends upon the frequency of
rotation of the medium as shown in Table 2.2.
In orthotropic medium it is observed that there is
only longitudinal wave propagate along the axis of
rotation whereas transverse wave does not propagates
in the plane containing the axis of rotation. Rotational
effect also effected the speed of the wave propagate
along the axis of rotation.
In monoclinic medium it is observed that the
rotational effect does not allow the longitudinal wave to
propagate along the co-ordinate axes and planes
whereas transverse wave propagate along an axis.
In general anisotropic medium rotational effect
does not allow the longitudinal and transverse waves to
propagate along the co-ordinate axes and planes.

REFERENCES

1. Schoenberg, M. and D. Censor, 1973. Elastic
waves in rotating media. Quart. Appl. Math.,
31: 115-125.
2. Chadwick, P., 1989. Wave propagation in
transversely isotropic elastic media I.
Homogeneous plane waves. Proc. R. Soc. Lond.
A422: 23-66.
3. Dieulesaint, E. and D. Royer, 1974. Elastic waves
in solids. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Paris.
4. Destrade, M., 2001. The explicit secular equation
for surface acoustic waves in monoclinic elastic
crystals. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol: 109 (4).