DRAFT

Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations

REPORT ON SUKKUR BARRAGE SUMMARY OF PAST STUDIES AND PRESENT CONDITION

Prepared By: Muhammad Ehsan, Consultant

February 25, 2010

Islamabad Office

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

A.M.S.L BCM FAO GCA GDP GOP GOS MAF SWSIP Above Mean Sea Level Billion Cubic Meter Food and Agriculture Organization Gross Command area Gross Domestic Product Government of Pakistan Government of Sindh Million Acre Feet Sindh Water Sector Improvement Project

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TABLE OF CONTENTS A. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................1 B. SUKKUR BARRAGE............................................................................................................3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Location .....................................................................................................................3 Barrage Construction..................................................................................................3 Off-taking Canals........................................................................................................3 Salient Features of the Barrage...................................................................................4 Problems occurred after Commissioning but prior to 2004.......................................11 Problems noticed in 2004..........................................................................................11

C. STUDIES CARRIED OUT TO REPAIR SUKKUR BARRAGE ITS COMMISSIONING IN 1932 ..............................................................................12 D. STUDIES CARRIED OUT TO REPAIR SUKKUR BARRAGE AFTER DAMAGE DISCOVERED IN JANUARY 2004 ..................................................................14 E. EMERGENCYWORKS CARRIED OUT TO REPAIR DAMGAE DISCOVERED IN 2004 ......................................................................................................................14 F. PRESENT CONDITION OF SUKKUR BARRAGE.........................................................17 G. WORKS PROPOSED TOB CARRIED OUT...................................................................22 H. PREPARED PC-I ................................................................................................................22 I. ASPECTS OF THE BARRAGE NOT ATTENDED TO AS YET.....................................22 J. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................22

ANNEX 1: ANNEX 2:

Persons Met List of Documents Consulted

SUKKUR BARRAGE SUMMARY OF PAST STUDIES/AVAILABLE DATA A. BACKGROUND

1. The Indus River and its tributaries across which three major storage reservoirs, 19 barrages and 12 inter-river link canals have been constructed serve 43 irrigation canal commands in Pakistan. For the purposes of irrigated agriculture water is diverted from the rivers by these 19 barrages or headworks into the main canals. Generally, the hierarchical canal system runs from main canals to branch canals and distributaries/ minors on which moghas (ungated outlets) have been constructed to deliver water into watercourses that supply water to chaks or dehs (tertiary irrigation command area). There are over 110,000 watercourses in Pakistan. 2. Out of the 19 barrages Sindh Province has 3 barrages1, all on the Indus River, which divert approximately 48 million acre feet (MAF) or 59.0 billion cubic meters (BCM) of water annually to the 14 main canal commands. These canal systems have an aggregate length of 13,325 miles (21,445 Km), which serve a gross command area (GCA) of 14.391 million acres (5.8 million ha). There are about 42,000 watercourses (tertiary channels), which have an aggregate length of about 75,000 miles (120,000 Km). Around 78% of the area in Sindh province is underlain by saline groundwater, which is unsuitable for irrigation. 3. There are 13 existing surface drainage systems in Sindh, which serve a total area of over 6.2 million acres (2.5 million hectares) and have an aggregate length of about 3,811 miles (6,133 Km). In addition, there are two sub-surface drainage systems, which serve an area of 0.10 million acres (0.04 million ha). These existing surface and sub-surface drainage systems are inadequate, resulting in much of the drainage effluent being either retained in the basin or disposed into rivers and canals. As a result, nearly one-fifth of the canal command areas have been affected by water logging and salinity. 4. All the 19 barrages are vital structures in the integrated irrigation network of Pakistan. Most of these barrages are old and in dilapidated conditions due to various reasons but mainly due to on account of inadequate maintenance and repairs. Any serious damage to any of these barrages can result in colossal losses in the form of non/less-production of agricultural crops, loss of revenue, rehabilitation cost of emergency repairs, thus adversely affecting the national economy in additional to human suffering beside multitude of social and environmental hazards. The World Banks water sector program in Pakistan supports rehabilitation and modernization of these barrages. In Punjab Province six barrages were considered critical for rehabilitation and improvement. The Bank is supporting rehabilitation and modernization of three out of these six barrages. In this regard, rehabilitation and modernization of Taunsa barrage has already been completed and projects to rehabilitate and modernize Islam and Jinnah barrages are under preparation. 5. In Sindh the ongoing Sindh Water Sector Improvement Project-I (SWSIP-I) would support detailed technical and environmental studies for SUKKUR barrage. These studies envisage preparation of feasibility studies and preparation of designs for rehabilitation and remedial works for the SUKKUR barrage requiring immediate attention due to its dilapidated state.

Guddu Barrage, SUKKUR Barrage and Kotri Barrage

2 6. SWSIP-I also envisages assistance in reviewing the studies already carried out for rehabilitation of the Sukhur barrage and determine further needs of improving condition of the barrage, and in proceeding to the detailed design stage; and inspection as well as assessment of the state of the Kotri barrage and studies for carrying out remedial works that may be necessary. 7. A consultant2 of the World Bank visited the SUKKUR barrage on January 21-22, 2010. He held discussions with the XEN, SUKKUR Barrage who informed about the recent studies carried out in respect of issues on the barrage using power point presentation and accompanied the consultant and SIDA staff in inspecting the barrage, which incidentally was undergoing repairs during the annual closure period. The list of persons who inspected the barrage is attached as Annex 1. 8. The purpose of the aforementioned visit to SUKKUR barrage and discussions with the IPD staff was to learn about the problems encountered by the barrage since its inauguration in 1932, past interventions, studies carried out, present condition and way forward to secure the barrage safe on long term basis. This report provides the summary of past studies/available data on this Barrage and suggestion for way forward.

Mr. Muhammad Ehsan

B. 1.

SUKKUR BARRAGE Location

9. SUKKUR barrage is located in Sindh Province about 480km (300 miles) north-east of Karachi having longitude coordinate of 68o 33E and latitude coordinate of 27o 47 N. The twin cities of Sukkhur and Rohri are on the right and left banks of the river respectively in the upstream proximity of the barrage. It is about 5km (3 miles) downstream of famous Lansdowne Bridge. It is second of the three barrages constructed across the Indus River in Sindh Province downstream of Guddu. The barrage is situated 160km (100 miles) from Guddu Barrage and about 320km (200 miles) upstream of Kotri Barrage. It is accessible by metalled road from these cities. The nearest airport, where the commercial flights are operative, is at SUKKUR at a distance of about 5km (3 miles). Fig.1 shows the location of the barrage.

2.

Barrage Construction

10. Sukkhur barrage was the first barrage constructed across the Indus River, and it was also the first barrage in Sindh Province. The construction of the barrage started on 1st July 1923, and was completed by 31st December 1931. The opening ceremony was performed by the Earl of Wellington, the then Viceroy of India on 13th January 1932 when the water started flowing into the canals.

3.

Off-taking Canals

11. Seven canal systems were constructed along with the SUKKUR barrage for irrigated agriculture. Four canals on the left bank: (i) Khairpur West Canal having Full Supply Discharge of 1,940 cfs; and (ii) Rohri Canal having Full Supply Discharge of 10,887 cfs; (iii) Khairpur East Canal having Full Supply Discharge of 2,094 cfs; and (iv) Nara Canal having Full Supply Discharge of 13,649 cfs off-take from the left bank. Three canals on the left bank: (i) Dadu Canal having Full Supply Discharge of 3,150 cfs; and (ii) Rice Canal having Full Supply Discharge of 10,658 cfs; and (iii) North Western Canal having Full Supply Discharge of 5,152 cfs off-take from the right bank. The total diversion into the seven canals as per the original design of the barrage was 47,530 cusecs. The total diversion has been increased to 65,933 cusecs due to development of irrigated agriculture in the command areas and availability of storage water of Tarbela Dam. The Full Supply Design discharges of all these canals have been increased as tabulated below: Sr. No. Command Area (Acres) Length (Miles) Withdrawal Capacity at Head (Cusecs) Presently Designed Authorized 3,150 10,658 5,152 18,960 1,940 10,887 5,985 14,355 8,975 29,315 2,150 16,963

Name of Canal

Right Bank Canals 1 Dadu 2 Rice 3 North Western Sub-Total: Left Bank Canals 1 Khairpur West 2 Rohri

551,000 520,000 940,000 2,011,000 322,000 2,610,000

131.5 82.0 36.1 249.6 41.9 208.0

4 Withdrawal Capacity at Head (Cusecs) Presently Designed Authorized 13,649 13,750 2,094 2,550 28,570 35,413 47,530 64,728

Sr. No. 3 4

Name of Canal Nara Khairpur East Sub-Total: Total:

Command Area (Acres) 2,240,000 370,000 5,542,000 7,552,000

Length (Miles) 226.0 58.6 534.5 784.1

4.

Salient Features of the Barrage

12. The total width of the barrage between the two abutments is 4,725ft, comprising 66 bays each of 60ft clear width. The Barrage is divided into three sections; the right under-sluices, the central weir portion and the left under-sluices. The right and left under-sluices have 5 and 7 bays respectively and are separated from the main weir by right and left divide walls. The central section is further divided into six compartments of 9 spans each. The compartments are separated from one another and from the under-sluices by 25 ft. wide and 97 feet long abutment piers. The ordinary piers between the spans are 10 ft. wide and 77 feet long. Abutment Pier # 32 is 190 feet long and is provided with 8 pipes for monitoring uplift pressures. Regulation of the Barrage bays is done by means of steel gates. The gates are ordinarily operated by electric power, but can also be worked by hand. The piers support two separate bridges, a gate bridge and the road bridge. The gate bride is on the upstream end of the piers and is at a higher level than the road bridge on the downstream side. The gate bridge consists of two separate reinforced cement concrete arches, one 8 ft. wide and the other 5 ft. wide, with a gap of 13 ft. between them in which the gates of the Barrage and their counter weights work. The hoisting equipment etc. is carried by this bridge. The road bridge, 25 ft. wide, is on the downstream end of the piers and is constructed of reinforced cement concrete arches. Layout plan of Sukkhur Barrage is shown in Plate 1. 13. After commissioning of the Barrage, it was observed that the right bank canals were drawing excessive silt. The model studies at the Central Irrigation and Hydro-dynamic Research Station, Poona, India were carried out during 1938, which among other things indicated to close ten (10) Bays of the barrage, 9 adjacent to the right under-sluices (#6 to #14) and #23. Accordingly, in order to prevent excessive silt entry into right bank canals, based on the model tests, some river training works were constructed during 1939-40. The training works consisted of a 5,000 ft long approach channel along the right bank. This channel was formed by constructing an inner bank along the right guide bank and an outer bank starting from Bay No. 23 by closing this bay and extending upwards. This approach channel was divided into two parts at the upstream nose of the right divide wall by constructing a middle bank starting from front of Bay # 14 and joining the upstream end of the divide wall, thereby making an island enclosing bay Nos. 6 to 14. A submerged weir with crest at E.L. 184.00 was also provided on the mouth of right pocket as part of the training works. Of the two channels so formed, the right side channel leads river water into the right pocket for feeding the right bank canals and the left side channel works as tail channel for passing the river water downstream into the river through bay # 15 to #22. At the point of bifurcation, a submerged weir has been constructed with crest at EL 184.6 ft. This level is the same as that of the crest of Dadu Canal, which is the highest level among the crest levels of the three canals off-taking from the right pocket. With this arrangement, the three right bank canals receive water from upper layers carrying less sediment only in suspension while bulk of the discharge carrying heavy rolling silt flows into the tail channel from where it passes downstream of the Barrage through bay # 15 to #22. The tail channel serves as a silt excluder for the off-taking canals of the right pocket. The ratio of water to be carried by the right channel leading to the right pocket and the tail channel was designed as 1 and 1.5 respectively.

5 Construction of these training works has proved successful ever-since their construction so for as control of silt entry into the canals was concerned but they have reduced the capacity of the flow through the barrage to 0.9 million cusecs. 14. From 1973 onwards, several floods exceeding 0.9 million cusecs and including a maximum of 1.2 million cusecs in 1976 have passed seriously threatening the safety of the barrage. There is, thus, a genuine need to consider increasing the barrage capacity commensurate with the prevailing hydrologic conditions.

SUKKUR Barrage

FIG. 1 - LOCATION MAP

Indus River Flow

KPE Canal
Left Pocket

Tail Channel

Right Pocket

Nara Canal Rohri Canal KPW Canal

NW Canal Rice Canal Dadu Canal

Plate 1: Layout of SUKKUR Barrage

8 15. The salient features of the SUKKUR barrage is given below:

Barrage Designed Discharge Maximum Discharge safely passed on August 17, 1976 Maximum Flood Level (a.m.s.l) in 1976 Normal Pond Level (a.m.s.l) Total Width between abutments Total Number of Bays : :

1,500,000 cusecs (Original)

1,200,000 cusecs

Number of closed Bays (#6 to #14 & #23) Width (clear) of each bay Crest Level of Weir (a.m.s.l) Crest Level of Left and Right Under Sluices (a.m.s.l) Upstream Floor Level of main weir (a.m.s.l) Downstream Floor Level of main weir (a.m.s.l) Downstream Floor Level of Under Sluices (a.m.s.l) Length of Right Divide Wall Length of Left Divide Wall Length of Upstream Right Guide Bund Length of Downstream Right Guide Bund Length of Upstream Left Guide Bund Length of Downstream Left Guide Bund Particulars of Barrage Gates

Number of Main Weir Bays (#8 to #61) Number of Right Pocket Bays (#1 to #5) Number of Left Pocket Bays (# 60 to #66)

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

202.85 ft. 194.5 ft. (Original)

4,725 ft. 66 54 5 7 10 60 ft. 177.00 ft. 176.00 ft. 171.00 ft. 171.00 ft.

176.0 to 175.0 ft.

1,690 ft. 1,975 ft. 5,000 ft. 1,770 ft. 16,250 ft. 1,700 ft. Original 60.0 ft. 20.5 ft. 24.5 ft. 37.5 Tons 40.0 Tons 80.0 Tons 80.0 Tons After Rehabilitation 60.0 ft. 21.0 ft. 24.5 ft. 41.7 Tons 44.8 Tons 82.0 Tons 92.0 Tons

Width of Gates Height of Gates Gates height of Under-sluices Weight of Main Weir Gate Weight of Under-sluices Gates Weight of counter balance for Weir Gate Weight of counter balance for Under-sluice Gates.
Particulars of Head Regulators of Off-taking Canals Dadu Canal

9 Rice Canal Rohri Canal Nara Canal Full Supply Discharge No. of Bays Bay width Crest Level (a.m.s.l) Full Supply Discharge No. of Bays Bay width Crest Level (a.m.s.l) Full Supply Discharge No. of Bays Bay width Crest Level (a.m.s.l) Full Supply Discharge No. of Bays Bay width Crest Level (a.m.s.l) Full Supply Discharge No. of Bays Bay width Crest Level (a.m.s.l) Full Supply Discharge No. of Bays Bay width Crest Level (a.m.s.l) Full Supply Discharge No. of Bays Bay width Crest Level (a.m.s.l)

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

5,985 cusecs 4 25 ft. 184.32 ft. 14,355 cusecs 13 25 ft. 183.13 ft. 8,975 cusecs 6 25 ft. 183.75 ft. 2,150 cusecs 2 25 ft. 185.28 ft. 16,963 cusecs 12 25 ft. 188.11 ft. 2,550 cusecs 2 25 ft. 187.28 ft. 13,750 cusecs 16 25 ft. 181.34ft.

North Western Canal

Khairpur Feeder West

Khairpur Feeder East

10 16. The following ranges of discharges are considered for the purposes of categorization of floods at SUKKUR barrage: Flood Categorization

Normal Flood Low Flood Medium Flood High Flood Very High Flood Super Flood

: : : : : :

Up to 200,000 cusecs 200,000 cusecs to 350,000 cusecs 350,000 cusecs to 500,000 cusecs 500,000 cusecs to 700,000 cusecs 700,000 cusecs to 900,000 cusecs Above 900,000 cusecs

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5.

Problems occurred after Commissioning but prior to 2004

17. Excessive silt entry into right bank canals: As mentioned in Section 4, after commissioning of the Barrage in 1932, it was observed that the right bank canals were drawing excessive silt. The model studies at the Central Irrigation and Hydro-dynamic Research Station, Poona, India were carried out during 1938, which among other things indicated that modifications should be carried to the barrage. The requisite modifications which resulted in formation of the tail channel that serves as a silt excluder for the off-taking canals of the right pocket but ten bays of the main weir had to be closed, which reduced the capacity of the flow through the barrage to 0.9 million cusecs. Since 1973 several floods exceeding 0.9 million cusecs, including a maximum of 1.2 million cusecs in 1976, have occurred seriously threatening the safety of the barrage. 18. Cracks in Ashler Masonry of Piers: The structural performance of the barrage remained trouble free for 16 years, while hydraulic problems had been experienced as stated above. The cracks were reported in the Ashler masonry on upstream side of some of the piers of the barrage in January 1949. The damage was inspected by a large number of experts, including Sir Arnold Musto, the original designer of the structure. The piers were repaired by grouting under pressure and by providing reinforced cement concrete protective cover to the upstream nose. 19. Cracks in cement concrete arches: Cracks were noticed in the cement concrete arches in December, 1950. Cementation Company, a British firm specializing in the trade, was assigned the repair work for guniting the soffits of all arches of the road and gate bridges. This was completed during 1953-56. Soon after these repairs were completed, cracks were again noticed in a number of repaired arches in March, 1956. The Cementation Company was requested again for advice but it did not take any reasonable action and advanced reasons for cracking which were not convincing and tangible. Hence, a high level Technical Committee was constituted in 1964 for thorough investigations study of the problem. The repair work based on the recommendations of the Technical Committee was completed through the guniting process during 1984-86. 20. Gates and Hoists Problems: During 1982, barrage gate # 31 collapsed due to failure of the lower bow girder. The gate was repaired, but it was found that all the remaining gates also needed strengthening. Accordingly, under a Rehabilitation Project, all gates of the barrage and the head regulators of canals were replaced during the period 1986 to 1992. The rehabilitated gates were fabricated and installed with plate-welded girders instead of the existing frame, riveted/bolted structures. All the gates are Stony type and are in operation since then. At present some seals and mechanical parts of gates require replacement and the gates need to be repainted.

6.

Problems noticed in 2004

21. During annual closure of the canals off-taking from SUKKUR barrage in January 2004, when SUKKUR barrage was not operating to supply water to canals, routine soundings revealed a scour pit of alarming proportions measuring 60x40x9 in front of bay # 1, #2 and #3 of the right pocket. Plan of the scour pit is shown in Fig. 2.

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Fig. 2: Pit Noticed in January 2004 in Right Pocket

22. In addition to the collapse of upstream stone apron the following were note: (i) the collapse of first sheet pile line and concrete floor up to upstream nose of the Pier #1 was found; (ii) there was formation of cavities under the floor upstream of Dadu Canal head regulator and under weir up to second line of sheet piles; and (iii) there had developed a crack in the Pier #1 upstream of gate line. The damage was rather an unusual phenomenon. Safety of the Barrage warranted immediate execution of repairs and restoration works. As there was no time available during the remaining or extended closure period of few days for carrying out sustainable remedial measures and the pressing demand for drinking water and irrigation supplies necessitated re-opening of the canals immediately, the scour pit was filled by dumping stone boulders as an interim emergency measure in order to avoid further scouring and damages.

C.

STUDIES CARRIED OUT TO REPAIR SUKKUR BARRAGE ITS COMMISSIONING IN 1932

23. The first major problem that was encountered after the commissioning of the barrage was excessive silt entry. The matter was referred to Poona Research Station. After carrying out an exhaustive study on 6 models of different scales during 1938-1940, it was recommended by the Research Station to provide some upstream training works /silt guide vanes to check silt entry. This resulted in creating a tail channel and other river training works. But the flood flow carrying capacity of the barrage was reduced due to closure of 10 bays of the barrage. 24. In 1949, cracks developed in the Barrage arches. Cementation Company Limited of England, specialists in the trade, carried out the repair work by guniting in 1953-56. Soon after the repairs, cracks were noticed again in several arches. A high level Technical Committee was constituted in 1964 for thorough investigations and study of the problem. The repair work based on the recommendations of the Technical Committee was completed through the guniting process during 1984-86. A detailed

13 structural analysis of the barrage arches, extensive field and laboratory investigations were conducted. These included determination of the degree of separation of cover concrete, strength and properties of concrete and old gunite; properties of construction materials; mapping of all cracks in the arches. Measurements of temperatures in the body of the arches were also done. Structural analysis of the Road Bridge and Gate Bridge was also undertaken for different loadings and for different assumptions in order to ascertain soundness of the structure. The original design assumptions initially were checked and shortfalls in the original design procedures were taken into consideration. 25. The Punjab Irrigation Research Institute (IRI) carried out model studies in order to test options for increasing the discharge capacity of the barrage, which had reduced due to interventions in 1938-40 for solving problem of excessive silt entry in to right bank canals. In its report No. 248/Hyd/59, it was stated that capacity of Sukkhur Barrage could only be restored by removing the existing silt guide vanes (training works) as constructed during 1938-40. Later on, IRI in its report No. 276/Hyd/1960 concluded as under: (i) the discharging capacity of Sukkhur Barrage could only be restored to maximum by removing the existing silt guide vanes altogether, which was not feasible due to increase in silt entry of 10% and 71.7% in the right and left bank canals respectively, coupled with increase in tendency of bela formation ; (ii) The discharging capacity could be increased to 1.35 million cusec by shifting the existing guide vanes towards right and opening ten closed weir bays but it would aggravate the silt entry conditions into right and left bank canals; and (iii) The existing silt guide vanes were not only efficient for silt exclusion of right bank canals, but they were also helping in creating suitable curvature for minimum silt entry into the left bank canals. 26. As per Technical Report No. 589/Hyd/1968 of R&R Division, Hyderabad, prepared after model studies, the erosion attach at downstream side of left guide bank that threatened the barrage and Khairpur West Feeder was addressed by two additional spurs and realignment of left guide bank in a length of 500 ft. 27. NESPAK were assigned in 1979 by Federal Flood Commission the job of conducting feasibility studies to increase the discharge capacity of the barrage and also keeping control on silt entry into the off-taking canals. NESPAK got 12 options tested by Irrigation Research Institute at Nandipur. Twelve options were studied through model testing and Option No. 12 was recommended for adoption. 28. Sindh Irrigation and Power Department constituted a committee of chief engineers and superintending engineers, headed by Engr. A.R Memon, Chief Engineer (Development) for study and scrutiny of the Feasibility Report prepared by NESPAK. This committee observed that the measures recommended by NESPAK would not improve the existing conditions for increasing discharge from 1.2 million cusecs to 1.5 million cusecs. 29. Feasibility Report of NESPAK was reviewed by Sir M. MacDonald and Partners (MMP), as the firm was at that time working at Sukkhur Barrage as ODA (U.K) Consultants for replacement of gates of the Sukkhur Barrage, for providing second opinion. MMP recommended that the scheme proposed by NESPAK should be implemented with some minor adjustments/modifications in the training works/silt vanes. MMPs recommendations also included proposals for improving operation of the barrage. 30. The Government of Sindh again constituted a high level committee in August, 1990 to look into the proposals for increasing discharge capacity of the barrage and submit its report within three months. This committee deliberated upon the issue in detail and decided to get opinion of the experts of Pakistan on the works proposed by NESPAK/MMP for increasing discharge capacity of the Barrage. No outcome of the deliberations of this committee is known.

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D.

STUDIES CARRIED OUT TO REPAIR SUKKUR BARRAGE AFTER DAMAGE DISCOVERED IN JANUARY 2004

31. A Technical Committee/Advisory Committee comprising former secretaries and chief engineers of Sindh Irrigation and Power Department investigated and also carried out inspection of the site and studies. It submitted its report on March 04, 2004. Supported by its findings, the Technical Committee / Advisory Committee suggested short and long term solutions. Short terms measures were those which were to be taken till next canal closure of the Barrage (January, 2005) , and comprised : (i) protecting damaged portion of upstream right pocket floor by filling the cavities with underwater concrete; (ii) strict adherence to the regulation rules of the Barrage; (iii) limiting head across the barrage to the 14.0 ft. under the damaged condition against the designed 18.5 ft; (iv) removal of accumulated silt in the right pocket along the right divide wall as soon as possible but before annual closure in January 2005; (v) avoiding operation of bottom gates of canal regulators as far as possible. In case these were required to be operated, then a strict watch should be kept over the flow pattern; and (vi) increasing watching and vigilance of the damaged portion. The long term solution details of which can be seen in the committees report basically recommended restoration of the damaged portions, grouting of damaged piers and adherence to the regulation rules while operating the bottom gates of the canal head regulators. 32. The Irrigation and Power Department, Government of Sindh also requested WAPDA to examine the problem of undermining of the upstream floor and suggest remedy to address the issue. Dam Safety Organization, WAPDA submitted its report (Publication No. 802) in July 2004. Main points of this report briefly are (i) formation of cavity occurred in January, 2002, triggering at end of August 28 2001; (ii) settlement of 5 feet occurred in concrete blocks in bay Nos. 3, 4 and 5 at offset 190 ft. and 250 ft. downstream of the gate. Similarly, a depression of 3 ft was observed on left side at offset 250 ft to 300 ft downstream of gate; (iii) small vortices/bubble formation was observed at several locations in the upstream pocket; (iv) remedial work of stone dumping in May 2004 up to E.L. 174 followed by pumping cement concrete 1:1.5:3 to fill the cavities under overhangs from June 12 to 23, 2004 sealed the cavity of size 35x40 in front of bay # 1; (v) a vertical crack in Pier #1 extending to a significant depth on either side of the pier just upstream parapet of the road bridge was found; (vi) the pressure point #8 on Pier #32, installed on downstream of the fourth (downstream end) pile line did not respond to the pond level. On checking, it was found blocked. Due to non-availability of any instrument in the problem area, safety of structure could not be reviewed with certainty; and (vii) WAPDA divers found that top surface of the pumped concrete was almost at level with parent concrete with a margin of about one inch; and there was one inch to four inches wide and six inches deep groove left between two concretes. 33. GoSindh hired services of a Joint Venture comprising National Development Consultants (NDC) and Engineering Associates (Pvt.), Ltd. in order to carry out the feasibility studies to prepare an overall feasibility Report for rehabilitate the SUKKUR barrage to ensure its future safety and also to engineer execution of emergency works for restoration of right under-sluices on priority basis.

E.

EMERGENCYWORKS CARRIED OUT TO REPAIR DAMGAE DISCOVERED IN 2004

34. The repair works, interalia, included: construction of upstream and downstream cofferdams; sheet piling; construction of link canal at Ruk Complex to feed Dadu Canal from Rice Canal; excavation and disposal of silt/debris from right pocket; dewatering of working area; monitoring of uplift pressure for Dadu Canal concrete floor with newly installed electronic piezometers; geotechnical investigations; drilling/grouting for filling of cavities; treatment to scour pit and upstream floor of Dadu Canal; concreting of floor upstream of under-sluices; placing upstream settling blocks; installation of

15 piezometers in right under-sluices; placing inverted filter and PCC blocks on downstream side; reconstruction of upstream and downstream stone aprons; dredging and disposal of silt; and removal of tubewells and cofferdams etc.. Repair works for restoration of right pocket/under-sluices were executed expeditiously and on time. Plate 2 to 5 show the work in progress.

Plate 2: Sheet piling in cofferdam

Plate 3: Sheet piling for retaining seepage water

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Plate 4: Concrete works in right pocket u/s

Plate 5: Concrete works in right pocket d/s

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F.

PRESENT CONDITION OF SUKKUR BARRAGE

35. As per findings of the JV of consulting firms entrusted with preparation of feasibility report for repairs after 2004 damage, the road bridge is serviceable and is able to carry the expected loads with adequate safety factor. There was, however, found need for: (i) making-up loss of pointing in the stone masonry faade in isolated patches; (ii) replacing drainage system of the roadway bridge to prevent ingress of rain water into arches causing corrosion of reinforcement steel; (iii) replacement of faade panels of arches for roadway and gate bridges, which are in dilapidated condition due to aging and weathering; (iv) replacement of cracked RCC jackets at upstream nosing of piers and RCC damaged elsewhere in the barrage and head regulators of canals; and (v) injection grouting of suspected delaminations between original arch bodies and gunited concrete. Oblique approach to left pocket has contributed to formation of sediment ledge along the left bank- the oblique flow perhaps is due to substantial increase of design discharges of Rohri and Nara Canals from the original design. Plate 6 to 5 show the condition of various parts of the barrage during the closure period in January 2010.

Jan. 21, 2010

Plate 6: View of Left Pocket looking towards submerged weir upstream

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Jan. 21, 2010 Plate 7: Digging of a cunnette in Left Pocket of SUKKUR Barrage in progress for facilitating flushing of deposited silt during the flow season

Jan. 21, 2010 Plate 8: View of of left pocket showing silt deposited on the inner side of the Divide Wall

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Jan. 21, 2010 Plate 9: Oblique approach of the Indus river upstream of the left pocket

Jan. 21, 2010 Plate 10: Downstream view of Rohri Canal Head Regulator [Repairs needed to masonry face of parapet wall]

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Jan. 21, 2010 Plate 11: Upstream view of SUKKUR Barrage looking from left abutment [Sediment ledge formed along the left side of left Divide Wall due to the oblique flow into Head Regulators of 4 canals is visible]
36. As mentioned above, all the gates of the barrage were replaced/rehabilitated during the years 1986-1992. The rehabilitated gates were fabricated and installed with plate-welded girders instead of the then framed, riveted/bolted structures. All the gates are Stony Type and are in operation since then. Majority of rubber seals of the head regulators of the canals are damaged or badly deteriorated. These need to be replaced at the earliest. The components of all the gates including those for the barrage and head regulators of the canals have started rusting. The damage to the rollers of the roller trains of the barrage has become a matter of routine some of the rollers have fallen apart of the roller trains while majority of those have become loose. Covers of all the switch boards provided for operations of hoist motors, lighting arrangement etc. need to be properly secured. Workshop needs to be renovated and supplemented with additional machinery to cater - for the basic local repair needs. 37. The gates of the canals are fixed wheel type, designed to operate in three different segments independently in each bay viz.; upper, middle and lower. The upper and middle gates are operated through rope drum hoist mechanism balanced by cement concrete counter weights of appropriate sizes, while the lower gate is operated through screw rod stem mechanism. The skins of gate leaves, plate welded trusses and beams are found to be in good condition. Rusting has, however, started in patches particularly at the bottom sections. The rubber seals of majority of the gates of head regulators are in an extremely bad shape. Some of these have fallen apart or are missing and some are dislocated from their seats and are hanging. All such rubber seals need to be replaced.

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Jan. 21, 2010 Plate 12: Control Panels of one of Gate Hoisting Equipment Rohri Canal Head Regulator

Jan. 21, 2010 Plate 13:View of one of the bays of a canal Head Regulator showing closed shutters of the gates [Nominal leakage seen which will be more at the operating pond level]

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G.

WORKS PROPOSED TOB CARRIED OUT

38. The works proposed to be carried under the project for which the feasibility report has been prepared include: (i) Main civil works involving construction of coffer dams, sheet piling, installation of tubewells for dewatering, etc.; (ii) Rehabilitation Works Downstream Main Barrage and Left Undersluices; (iii) Remodeling Upstream River Training Works and Downstream Dredging; (iv) Rehabilitation of Works for Canal Head Regulators; and (v) Miscellaneous Works involving: (a) Geotechnical Investigation & Piezometer Installation; (b) Mechanical Works; (c) Dredging Works; (d) Surface Drainage for Road Bridge; (e) Model Studies for Nara Canal; (f) Construction Camps; (g) Telecommunication and Operation Room for Automation Equipment; and (h) Vehicles, Equipment and Furniture.

H.

PREPARED PC-I

39. On the basis of the works proposed in the Feasibility, a PC-I was prepared, which was cleared by Central Development Working Party (CDWP) on 30th April, 2009. It was cleared in the ECNEC during the meeting scheduled held on 3rd September, 2009, for total cost of Rs 1,873 million. Major cost component is for civil works relating to preparatory works, rehabilitation works downstream of main barrage and left under-sluices, rehabilitation of works for canal head regulators, rehabilitation of bundar wall and repairs to road bridge. 40. The work is scheduled to be completed in three years. Process of engaging consultants for the design and supervision of rehabilitation works was expected to be completed up to the 1st week of February, 2010. Process of engaging contractors for the five envisaged contract packages will be followed as the consultants will be onboard.

I.

ASPECTS OF THE BARRAGE NOT ATTENDED TO AS YET

41. No investigations have been carried out to determine the integrity of upstream or downstream floors, upstream or downstream settling blocks and upstream or downstream stone aprons. The condition of gates and hoist mechanisms for gates has been appraised but generally. The condition of monitoring devices such as piezometers has not been fully investigated. The PC-I expects a model study yet to be carried.

J.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

42. SUKKUR barrage is an important diversion structure on which 7.552 million acres (3.070 million ha.) of land depends for irrigated agriculture. It is almost 80 years already when it was put to operation after its construction. Although there have been several occasions when the studies were carried out to either determine the cause of a deficient performance or the damage to the barrage but there is need to comprehensively carry out the studies to identify works required to ensure the safety, integrity and continued serviceability of SUKKUR Barrage on long term basis. 43. The feasibility carried out lately on the basis of which the PC-I has been prepared and got approved in September 2010 that contains several needed works but there appears to have not enough carried out in order to determine the health of the upstream and downstream floors. 44. In order to determine the requisite studies to establish further activities that must be carried out for assessing the safety of SUKKUR barrage on long term basis, a Panel of Experts (POE) comprising

23 short term individual experts such as: (i) Irrigation /Hydraulic Structure Engineer; (ii) Geo-technical Engineer; (iii) River Morphology/Flood Protection Engineer; and (iv) Electrical/Mechanical Engineer should be constituted. This POE shall have following tasks to perform in about a month time:

i) ii) iii)
iv)

v)
vi) vii)

Collect topographical maps and updated information, and as-built drawings of the barrage; Collect, review and appraise all previous studies, reports and publications pertinent to the barrage; Review and analyze available hydrological, hydrographic and other relevant data and identify if any gap exists and as to how to remove that gap. Advise on carrying out hydrological investigations of surface & subsurface flows; Advise in respect of carrying out geotechnical investigations particularly of foundation and subsurface conditions to verify the health of the barrage structure;; Advise about studies needed to establish adequacy of river training and flood protection works and improvement; Advise about physical health of the various components of the barrage; and Advise in respect of any other consideration that is relevant to safety of the barrage on the long term basis.

45. After carrying out above tasks, this POE shall draft the TOR for procuring services of Consulting Firm (s) to prepare feasibility study for rehabilitation and modernization of SUKKUR Barrage to secure its safety on a long term basis 46. SIDA will take IPD on board in this regard, and in consultation with IPD draft the ToR of the individual consultants constituting the proposed.

ANNEXURES

ANNEX 1 Persons met during Inspection of SUKKUR Barrage on January 21-22, 2010 Provincial Irrigation Department 1. 2. Mr. Zarif Iqbal Khero, Executive Engineer, SUKKUR Barrage Assistant Engineer, SUKKUR Barrage

SIDA 3. 4. 5. Mr. Muhammad Ehsan Leghari, PD, SWISP Mr. Maula Bux Mirbahar, GM (Operations) Mr. Nazeer Ahmad Memon, GM (Transition)

PICs 6. Mr. Khadim Hussain Memon

ANNEX 2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS CONSULTED 1. 2. 3. 4. World Bank, Project Appraisal Document for Sindh Water Sector Improvement Phase-I Project, March 31, 2007 Feasibility Report, prepared by NDC and EG Associates, March 2006 Completion Report on Emergency Works for Restoration of Right Undersluices, NDC and EG Associates Power Point Presentation of XEN, SUKKUR, January 21, 2010