Fire Defense Procedures. High to Medium High Rise Buildings.

Fire 1

Kitakyushu City Fire Department Assistant Fire Sergeant: Sakemi Daisaku

Fire Defense Procedures (High to Medium High Rise Buildings, Fire 1,2,3) Training Schedule Day 1
9:30 9:45 ~ 10:45 11:00 ~ 12:00 1. Self Introductions 2. Training Schedule for Day 1 3. Lecture Classroom

Training 4. Introduction to the unit leader 5. Operation preparation 6. Hose extension and drainage

Drainage Dorm

Lunch Break
13:00 ~ 15:00 Training 7. Operation preparation 8. Smoke exhaustion operation procedures 9. Hose extension procedures 10. Pipe connection operation procedures 11. Water damage prevention procedures 12. Q and A 13. Evaluation Tower

Classroom

Fire Defense Procedures (High to Medium High Rise Buildings, Fire 1,2,3) Training Schedule Day 2
9:30 ~ 10:15 10:30 ~ 12:00 1. Lecture Classroom Training 2. Introduction from the corps leader 3. Operation preparation 4. Ladder truck approach procedures 5. Ladder truck hose extension procedures Lunch Break 13:00 ~ 15:00 Training 6. Operation preparation 7. Hypothesis training 8. Training review meeting (including Q and A) Tower Tower

9. Evaluation

Classroom

(High to Medium High Rise Buildings, Fire 1,2,3) Training Schedule Day 3
9:30 ~ 10:30 10:30 ~ 12:00 1. Hypothesis Training Classroom Training 2. Operation preparation 3. Hypothesis Training 1 Tower

Lunch Break 13:00 ~ 15:00 Training 4. Operation preparation 5. Hypothesis Training 2 6. Training review meeting (including Q and A) Tower

7. Evaluation

Classroom

(High to Medium High Rise Buildings, Fire 1)

About High to Medium High Rise Buildings (Text Reference)

Fire phenomenon with fireproof buildings. Required Equipment for Fire Fighting Operations in High to Medium High Rise Buildings. Hose Extension Procedures

Spray Procedures

What is a High to Medium High Rise Building?

Structure: Medium Rise: Fireproof Building More than 4 levels

High Rise: Skyscraper:

More than 11 levels More than 20 levels

Phenomena of the Fire

Smoke

Smoke layer
Hot air layer Hot air flow Bloom Hot air layer Open (fresh) air

Window Open (fresh) air

Door

When substances burn in the building, the resulting smoke and hot air swell to several times their original volumes, and the expansion force discharges them from the opening to the outside.

Phenomena of the Fire

Exhaust side

Opening

Suction side

The opening allows the discharge of hot air and the entry of open air into the room for compensating the former.

Phenomena of the Fire

[Great fire test with an apartment house] Isotherm in the room

Exhaust side

Suction side Elapsed time after ignition

The room temperature reaches 800C 23 minutes and 54 seconds after ignition. The ceiling temperature is 600-800C, while the floor temperature is 100C at a certain partthe temperature of the burning room is uneven. The floor temperature is relatively low on the suction side.

Phenomena of the Fire (Flashover)

Glass window side
Flame

Glass door

Combustible window

Glass

A flashover occurs when the fire moves from the first stage to the peak. The combustible furniture starts burning. The fire generates hot air. When part of the wall starts burning, the hot air layer is thick, resulting in strong thermal radiation. The hot air breaks the window glass. The hot air is emitted from the window. The unburned part of the room, including the floor, shows a rise in temperature and the surface temperature nearly reaches the ignition point, which causes the fire to spread quickly. The indoor combustibles ignite all at once. As a result, the room is filled with flames.

Hot air layer

Average room temperature: About 500C

Pieces of glass

Air Air

Yellow in dense smoke is a sign of flashover. Flashover

Phenomena of the Fire (Backdraft)

Door side
Flame

Combustible

The knob is too hot to touch. Cracked gas Hot air

If a fire breaks out in a room that is relatively large, sectioned orderly, and sealed well, then it spreads while consuming indoor oxygen. As the fire grows, the indoor oxygen content reduces, the generation of smoke stops, and red-hot embers smolder. Heat accumulation enhances the thermal decomposition of the combustibles, and the room is filled with dense and inflammable cracked gas. If the window glass is broken or the door is opened, fresh air having a high oxygen content flows into the room and is mixed with the inflammable gas, resulting in the gas coming within a combustible range. The air is also supplied to the red-hot embers, resulting in flames. These flames ignite the mixed gas in the room and are emitted explosively.

Remaining oxygen enhances the decomposition of the combustibles. Only oxygen is insufficient.

The door shakes and discolors.

Air

When opening the door, put your body against the wall.

Required Equipment for Fire Fighting Operations in High to Medium High Rise Buildings.
Water Pipe Connections Installation Standards For buildings with more than 7 levels For buildings with more than 6,000 m2 area Emergency Power Outlet Emergency Elevator Installation Standards Installation Standards For buildings taller than 31 m More than 11 levels Other Installations

Wireless Communication Auxiliary Equipment

Smoke Exhaustion Equipment Fire extinguishers

Procedures for Using Fire Equipment (Linking Water Pipe)

Indicator (operation) Outlet for fire fighting Door (back) Spherical stop valve (65 mm in nominal diameter)

Outlet Hoist up a hose. Whether to use the linking water pipe?

(Appearance)

(Inside)

Outlet (65 mm in nominal diameter)

Top view Conforming port (65 mm in nominal diameter)

Linking water pipe

Inlet

Whether to shoulder a hose and climb up stairs?

Inlet Chain Wall-embedded type (The inlet should be lidded to prevent entry of dust and pebbles.)

Standing type

Figure 2: Use of the linking water pipe.

Figure 4: Double-port inlet

Main pipe (100 mm in inner diameter)

Inlet (65 mm in nominal diameter)

The linking water pipe is installed in the building in advance because it is hard to extend multiple hoses from the ground to multiple stories during fire fighting.

Firefighting Equipment Operating Procedures (Water Pipe Connections)

Water Supply

Water Outlet
A water outlet between the 3rd and 10th floor

Firefighting Equipment Operating Procedures (Water Pipe Connections)

Water Outlet
A double water outlet for above the 11th floor Stored equipment: hose x4 and nozzle x2 The emergency power outlet is located in the same box as well as other items

Firefighting Equipment Operating Procedures (Water Pipe Connections)

Water Outlet
The staircase and emergency elevator lobby

Water Pipe Connection Notes

Use water pipes located on the 3rd floor and above as a priority.

Use the hoses and nozzles located in the box on the 11th floor and above.
When using multiple water supplies, if one fire hose nozzle is closed, this will increase the pressure of the other nozzles, so operate with care. Do not directly connect a branching device into the water outlet. Adhere to the water supply pressure that is indicated at the location of the water supply outlet.

Hose Extending Procedures

Hoisting up a hose

Hoisting down a hose

Extending a hose along stairs

Rope

Hose

Connect a nozzle to the hose and hoist them up with a rope.

Shoulder the hose, go to the upper floor, and lower the female connector to the ground.

Climb up the stairs while laying the Shimada-wound hose.

Hose Extending Procedures (Precautions)

[Hosting up a hose] 1. The ground member holds and guides the hose so as to avoid hitting any glass on the way. 2. The ground member securely ties the rope to the hose and maintains close communication with the lifting member. 3. The lifted hose needs to be long enough to reach the floor in question. 4. It is necessary to take measures for preventing the hose from falling down, because one 50-mm (65-mm) hose weighs 39.3 kg (66.3 kg) when water passes through it.