MATH 131 Exam 1 Review

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Slope: y = mx + b ; where m = slope y = b - mx ; where m = slope y = 2x - 5 ; slope = 5

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Quadratic Formula: x = -b +/2a

2+ ax 2 b

- 4ac

bx - c e.g. 2 - 3x + 1 4x
MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Vertex
if f(x) =
2 ax

+ bx + c

Also, if a > 0 ; parabola opens upward but if a < 0; parabola opens downward f(x) = -x2 + x + 2

then: Vertex = -b 2a

vertex = -1 =1 2(-1) 2 Now, to nd the point of the vertex plug this in for x into our original equation f(x) = -1 x 2 + 1 + 2 = 9 our point is (1/2 , 9/4) 2 2 4
Sunday, October 7, 12

MATH 131

Limits of Polynomials
if p(x) is a polynomial then; lim p(x) = p(c)
x c x

lim

2+ 2x

4=

x 4

lim 2(42) + 4 = 36

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Properties of Limits
lim [f(x) + g(x)] = lim f(x) + lim g(x) lim [hf(x)]; h = constant = h lim f(x) lim f(g(x)) = (lim f(x))(lim g(x)) lim [f(x)/g(x)] = lim f(x) / lim g(x) lim [f(x)] = [lim f(x)]
P P

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Limits
Reciprocal Limit Rule lim A X xn

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Useful Limits
lim cK = K (straight line) lim cx = C
X X

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Computations
lim f(x) = 1 - 7x3 X 5x3 - 7x + 1 Step 1 : Divide by HIGHEST power in the denominator lim f(x) = 1/x3 - 7x3/x3 5x3/x3 - 7x/x3 + 1/x3

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Computations
Step 2 : Cancel lim f(x) =
3 1/x

-7

5 - 7x/x2 + 1/x3 Step 3 : Then use the reciprocal limit rule 1/x3 = 0 2 = 0 7x/x 1/x3=0
Sunday, October 7, 12

lim f(x) = -7 5

MATH 131

Existence of a Limit

Thexlimc exists if and only if

x c

lim + = lim x c

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Computations Limits and Innity

lim f(x) = x 4x

x-2 x-4
x-4 x-2 / x - 4

3.9 3.99 3.999 3.9999

-0.1 -0.01 -0.001 -0.0001

- - - -

Its important to remember that 4is really equal to 3.9, 3.99, 3.999 etc

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Continuity
A function is continuous at x = c if:

f(c) is dened lim f(x) exists (- , +) lim f(x) = f(c)

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

 Four types of intervals (a , b) where a < x < b [a , b] where a x b , {a & b are included} (a , b] where a < x b , {b is included} [a , b) where a x < b , {a is included}
MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Continuity on an interval

Continuity on an interval
f(x) = x + 2 x+3 is f(x) continuous on (-2 , 3) is f(x) continuous on [-2 , 3]

f(x) is continuous on (-2 , 3) because each point is dened f(x) is not continuous on [-2 , 3] because the denominator is undened at 3.

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Derivative by Denition
lim f(x + h) - f(x)
0

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

Equation of a Tangent Line

Find the derivative of f(x) After nding f (x), plug in the given point to
1

nd the slope. (e.g. nd the rate of change at x = 1)

Plug the same point into the original f(x) Use the equation y - y1 = m(x - x1) to
solve

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

f(x) = x a. Find tangent line at x = 4 b. Find rate of change at x = 1 c. Increasing or Decreasing

1(x) f

Equation of a Tangent Line

Our points for our equation of a tangent line are (4 , 2)

= 1 f1(4) = 1/4 2x We also plug 4 back into our original f(x) f(4) = 2

MATH 131

Sunday, October 7, 12

f(x) = x a. Find tangent line at x = 4 b. Find rate of change at x = 1 c. Increasing or Decreasing With our points (4 , 2) we use the formula y-y1 = m(x-x1)
Sunday, October 7, 12

Equation of a Tangent Line Our slope from f (x)

1

y-4 = 1/4(x - 2) y = 1/4x + 1 Equation of a tangent line

MATH 131

f(x) = x a. Find tangent line at x = 4 b. Find rate of change at x = 1 c. Increasing or Decreasing For part b simply plug 1 into f1(x)

Equation of a Tangent Line

f1(1) = 1/2

1/2 > 0 so the equation is increasing

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

The much easier way to do derivatives

f(x) = x ;; f (x) = (n)(x) (cf) = cf ;; 5x = 5(x )
f(x) = c ;; f1(x) = 0
n 1 1 1 2 2 n-1

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12

The much easier way to do derivatives

6 17x

dx = 6 x 17 = 102 and 6 - 1= 5 dx = 102x5

MATH 131
Sunday, October 7, 12