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Central Mindanao University Research and Extension Building

Location: University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines at 7 51 53 N, 125 3 3 E Outdoor design conditions. Temperature of 35C dry bulb with a 10 K daily range and an average temperature of 30C. Indoor design conditions. Temperature of 24C dry bulb and 50% rh. Assume 13C supply temperature. Roof Construction. Conventional roof-ceiling combination with air space, Roof is painted galvanized corrugated Steel Sheet. Wall Construction. 200mm concrete block with interior and exterior finish. Ceiling height is 2.4 m throughout. Floor Construction. 300 mm concrete slab on grade for first floor. and 100 mm lightweight concrete on metal deck for second floor Fenestration. Clear Single glass, 3 mm thick, in and out. Assume Regular Sheet with Light Venetian blinds Doors. 1m x 2m Wood slab door in wood frame with no glazing Lightings. All lights are 40 kW fluorescent lamps

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Cooling Load Calculation The total building cooling load consists of heat transferred through the building envelope (walls, roof, floor, windows, doors etc.) and heat generated by occupants, equipment, and lights. The load due to heat transfer through the envelope is called as external load, while all other loads are called as internal loads. Internal Cooling Loads: a.) Load due to occupants: The internal cooling load due to occupants consists of both sensible and latent heat components. Since a portion of the heat transferred by the occupants is in the form of radiation, a Cooling Load Factor (CLF) should be used. Thus the sensible heat transfer to the conditioned space due to the occupants is given by the equation: QSensible = (SHG)(P)(CLF Sensible)

Since the latent heat gain from the occupants is instantaneous the CLF for latent heat gain is 1.0, thus the latent heat gain due to occupants is given by: QLatent Where: SHG LHG P CLF = Sensible Heat Gain per Person = Latent Heat Gain per Person = Number of People/Occupants = Cooling Load Factor = (LHG)(P)

From Table 1 of ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals 1995 at moderately active office work, SHG LHG = 75 Watts = 55 Watts

From Table 4-9, p74 of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones at both 8 hours after each entry into space and total hours in space, CLFSensible Room 1: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W = 0.84

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

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Room 2: QSensible= (75 QLatent = 63 W = (55 = 55 W Room 3: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W = 118 W

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

Room 4: QSensible = (75 QLatent QO = 189 W = (55 = 165 W = 354 W

)(3 Occupants)(0.84) )(3 Occupants)

Room 5: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

Room 6: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

Room 7: QSensible= (75 QLatent = 63 W = (55

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

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QO

= 55 W = 118 W

Room 8: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 126 W = (55 = 110 W = 236 W

)(2 Occupants)(0.84) )(2 Occupants)

Room 9: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 315 W = (55 = 275 W = 590 W

)(5 Occupants)(0.84) )(5 Occupants)

Room 10: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 252 W = (55 = 220 W = 472 W

)(4 Occupants)(0.84) )(4 Occupants)

Room 11: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

Room 12: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 189 W = (55 = 165 W = 354 W

)(3 Occupants)(0.84) )(3 Occupants)

Room 13: QSensible= (75

)(2 Occupants)(0.84)

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QLatent QO

= 126 W = (55 = 110 W = 236 W

)(2 Occupants)

Room 14: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 126 W = (55 = 110 W = 236 W

)(2 Occupants)(0.84) )(2 Occupants)

Room 15: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 441 W = (55 = 385 W = 826 W

)(7 Occupants)(0.84) )(7 Occupants)

Room 16: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

Room 17: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

Room 18: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 63 W = (55 = 55 W = 118 W

)(1 Occupants)(0.84) )(1 Occupants)

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Room 19: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 252 W = (55 = 220 W = 472 W

)(4 Occupants)(0.84) )(4 Occupants)

Room 20: QSensible= (75 QLatent QO = 126 W = (55 = 110 W = 236 W

)(2 Occupants)(0.84) )(2 Occupants)

b.) Load due to lighting: Lighting adds sensible heat to the conditioned space. Since the heat transferred from the lighting system consists of both radiation and convection, a Cooling Load Factor is used to account for the time lag. Thus the cooling load due to lighting system is given by: Q = (W)(Fu)(Fb)(CLF) Where: W Fu = Lamp rating in Watts = Usage factor or percentage of maximum design for each hour of the day = 0 when all lights are off = 1 when the maximum design number lights are on = Ballast Factor imposed by ballasts used in fluorescent lights = 1.2 is taken for fluorescent lights, 1.0 for incandescent lamps. = Cooling load factor

Fb CLF

No Latent gains since no water vapor is involved with electric or day lighting. From Table 4-6, p72 of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones at Fixture Y, 10 hours max and 8 hours after lights are turned on; CLF = 0.95

Room 1: QL = (40 x 3)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 136.8 W Room 2: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W

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Room 3: QL = (40 x 1)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 45.6 W Room 4: QL = (40 x 8)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 364.8 W Room 5: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W Room 6: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W Room 7: QL = (40 x 1)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 45.6 W Room 8: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W Room 9: QL = (40 x 6)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 273.6 W Room 10: QL = (40 x 4)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 182.4 W Room 11: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W Room 12: QL = ( 40 x8)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 364.8 W Room 13: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W Room 14: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95)

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QL = 91.2 W Room 15: QL = (40 x 4)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 182.4 W Room 16: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W Room 17: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W Room 18: QL = (40 x 4)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 182.4 W Room 19: QL = (40 x 6)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 273.6 W Room 20: QL = (40 x 2)(1)(1.2)(0.95) QL = 91.2 W c.) Loads due to equipment and appliances: The equipment and appliances used in the conditioned space which have receptacles or electrical plug loads have sensible heat gain only and while processes such as cooking both have sensible and latent heat gains. For offices, the sensible load may be in the form of radiation and/or convection. Thus the internal sensible load due to equipment and appliances is given by: Q = W (Fu) (CLF) Where: W Fu CLF = wattage is the design plug load for appliance or equipment = Usage factor or percentage of maximum design for each hour of the day = 0 when all equipment are off = 1 when the maximum design number equipment are on. = Cooling load Factor

From 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 28, Table 37 and 39 at 10 hours max into space and 8 hours equipment turned on,
CLF = 0.88

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Room 1: Computer

= 200 Watts Total = 200 W = 200 Watts (1) (0.88) = 176 W

QE QE Room 2: None Room 3: Computer

= 200 Watts Total = 200 W = 200 Watts (1) (0.88) = 176 W

QE QE Room 4: Two computers Three printers

= 2(200) = 400 Watts = 2(110) = 220 Watts Total = 620 W = 620 Watts (1) (0.88) = 545.6 W

QE QE Room 5: None Room 6: Copy printer

= 180 Watts Total = 180 W = 180 Watts (1) (0.88) = 158.4 W

QE QE Room 7: Computer Photocopier

= 200 Watts = 560 Watts Total = 760 W = 760 Watts (1) (0.88) = 668.8 W

QE QE Room 8: Two Computers

= 2(200) Total = 400 W

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QE QE Room 9: Television Small radio Two computers = 2(200) Printer Total QE QE Room 10: Four computers = 3(200) Three printers = 2(110) Water dispenser Total QE QE Room 11: Computer

= 400 Watts (1) (0.88) = 352 W

= 130 Watts = 40 Watts = 400 Watts = 110 Watts = 680 W = 680 Watts (1) (0.88) = 598.4 W

= 600 Watts = 220 Watts = 150 Watts = 970 W = 970 Watts (1) (0.88) = 853.6 W

= 200 Watts Total = 200 W = 200 Watts (1) (0.88) = 176 W

QE QE

Room 12: Three computers = 3(200) = 600 Watts Three Printers = 3(110) = 330 Watts Total = 930 W QE QE Room 13: None Room 14: Computer Printer = 930 Watts (1) (0.88) = 818.4 W

= 200 Watts = 110 Watts Total = 310 W = 310 Watts (1) (0.88)

QE

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QE Room 15: None Room 16: Photocopier Computer Two printers

= 272.8 W

= 560 Watts = 200 Watts = 2(110) = 220 Watts Total = 980 W = 980 Watts (1) (0.88) = 862.4 W

QE QE Room 17: Laptop Two printers

= 27.5 Watts = 2(110) = 220 Watts Total = 247.5 W = 247.5 Watts (1) (0.88) = 217.8 W

QE QE Room 18: Computer Printer Water dispenser

= 200 Watts = 110 Watts = 150 Watts Total = 460 W = 460 Watts (1) (0.88) = 404.8 W

QE QE Room 19: Five computers Printer

= 5(200) = 1000 Watts = 110 Watts Total = 1110 W = 1110 Watts (1) (0.88) = 986 W

QE QE Room 20: Small radio

= 40 Watts Total = 40 W = 40 Watts (1) (0.88) = 35.2 W

QE QE

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External Cooling Loads: a.) Heat transfer through opaque surfaces: This is a sensible heat transfer process. The heat transfer rate through opaque surfaces such as walls, roof, floor, doors etc. is given by: Q = U A (CLTDadjusted) Where: U A CLTDadjusted = Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient = 1/R ; R = Thermal Resistance = Area of the opaque surfaces = Adjusted Cooling Load Temperature Difference

Heat Gain from Walls

From Table 4-4, p68 of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones for Concrete Block, sand and gravel aggregate, 200 mm Exterior material, R Since, U = 1/0.18 m2. K/W = 5. 556 W/m2. K = 0.18 m2. K/W

From Table 4-15, p82 of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones for Wall type E (200mm concrete block with interior and exterior finish) at 9:00 am & 2:00 pm Solar Time, CLTDadjusted = CLTD + (25-Ti) + (Tave-29) = CLTD + (25 24) K + (30 29) K Southwest Facing wall at 2:00 pm: CLTD = 10 CLTDadjusted = 12 Northwest Facing wall at 2:00 pm: CLTD =7 CLTDadjusted = 9

Northeast Facing wall at 9:00 am: CLTD =8 CLTDadjusted = 10 Southeast Facing wall at 9:00 am CLTD =7 CLTDadjusted = 9

For interior air conditioned rooms surrounded by non-air conditioned spaces, the CLTD of the interior walls is equal to the temperature difference between the surrounding non-air conditioned space and the conditioned space. Obviously, if an air conditioned room is surrounded by other air conditioned rooms, with all of them at the same temperature, the CLTD values of the walls of the interior room will be zero.

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Room 1: Northeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (13.44) m2 (10) K QW = 746.726 W Room 2: Northeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32) m2 (10) K QW = 573.379 W Room 3: Southeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (6 2.4) m2 (9) K QW = 180.014 W Room 4: Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 4.8) m2 (9) K Q = 276.022 W Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (12) K Q = 736.059 W QW = 1012.080 W

Room 5: Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 4.8) m2 (9) K QW = 276.022 W Room 6: Southeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32) m2 (9) K QW = 516.014 W Room 7: Southeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (9) K Q = 236.019 W Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (12) K Q = 314.692 W QW = 550.710 W

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Room 8: Northeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (10) K Q = 613.382 W Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32- 4.8) m2 (9) K Q = 276.022 W QW = 889.404 W

Room 9: Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (9) K Q = 552.044 W Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (30.96 14.4) m2 (12) K Q = 1104.088 W Southeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (9) K Q = 552.044 W QW = 2208.176 W

Room 10: Northeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (23.76 9.6) m2 (10) K Q = 786.730 W Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 4.8) m2 (9) K Q = 276.022 W QW = 1062.752 W

Room 11: Southeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 4.8) m2 (9) K Q = 276.022 W Northeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (7.2) m2 (10) K Q = 400.032 W

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QW

= 676.054 W

Room 12: Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (9) K Q = 552.044 W Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (12) K Q = 736.059 W QW = 1288.103 W

Room 13: Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (9) K QW = 236.019 W Room 14: Southeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (9) K Q = 236.019 W

Northeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (10) K Q = 262.243 W QW = 498.262 W

Room 15: Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 11.2) m2 (9) K QW = 472.038 W Room 16: Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (12) K QW = 314.692 W Room 17: Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (12) K Q = 314.692 W

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Southeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 5.6) m2 (9) K Q = 236.019 W QW = 550.711 W

Room 18: Northeast Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (10) K Q = 613.382 W Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 4.8) m2 (9) K Q = 276.022 W QW = 889.404 W

Room 19: Northwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (20.64 9.6) m2 (9) K Q = 552.044 W Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 4.8) m2 (12) K Q = 368.029 W QW = 920.073 W

Room 20: Southwest Facing wall, Q = 5.556 W/m2.K (10.32 4.8) m2 (12) K QW = 368.029 W

Heat Gain from Floors

Assumptions: From ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 2001, For floors directly in contact with the ground or over an underground basement that is neither ventilated nor conditioned, heat transfer may be neglected for cooling load estimates. CLTD1stFloor =0

If the floor stands on the roof of another room, then the CLTD values for the floor are the temperature difference across the floor.

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CLTD2ndFloor = Ti_1stFloor - Ti_2ndFloor = 24oC - 24oC CLTD2ndFloor = 0 For All Rooms: QF =0

Heat Gain from Doors

From Table 6, p30.11 of HVAC Fundamentals Handbook 1997 at Wood slab door in wood frame with no glazing, U = 2.61 W/m2.K

From Refrigeration and Air Conditining Handbook by IIT Kharagpur, For surfaces which have negligible thermal mass (such as doors), the CLTD value is simply equal to the temperature difference across the wall or roof. For example, for external doors the CLTD value is simply equal to the difference between the design outdoor and indoor dry bulb temperatures, T -T .
out in

CLTD = (35+273) K (24+273) K CLTD = 11K For Rooms which have External doors or doors which are exposed to the outside environment: Rooms 4, 8, 9, 10, 15, 18, 19, and 20 QD QD = (2.61 W/m2.K) (1x 2) m2 (11K) = 57.42 W

Heat Gain from Roofs

Since there is no temperature difference between floors, there is no heat gain in the roof of the first floor. For the roof in the second floor, From Table 4, p24.4 of ASHRAE HVAC Handbook Fundmentals 1997 at Exterior material steel, backed with insulating board, 10mm with ceiling air space, R = 1.318 m2. K/W

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Then U = 1/1.318 m2. K/W = 0.759 W/m2

From Table 4-14, p81 of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones at Roof Type 1 ( Sheet steel with 25 to 50 mm insulation) with suspended ceilings and 12:00 pm Solar Time, CLTD = 17 K Since, CLTDadjusted CLTDadjusted Room 10: Q QR Room 11: Q QR Room 12: Q QR Room 13: Q QR Room 14: Q QR Room 15: Q QR Room 16: Q QR Room 17: Q QR = CLTD + (25-Ti) + (Tave-29) = 17 K + (25 24) K + (30 - 29) K = 19 K

= (0.759 W/m2. K) (37.84 m2)( 19 K) = 545.691 W = (0.759 W/m2. K) (12.9 m2)( 19 K) = 186.031 W = (0.759 W/m2. K) (8.97 m2)( 19 K) = 129.356 W = (0.759 W/m2. K)(14.19 m2)( 19 K) = 204.634 W = (0.759 W/m2. K)(22.79 m2)( 19 K) = 328.655 W = (0.759 W/m2. K)(86 m2)( 19 K) = 1240.206 W = (0.759 W/m2. K)(16.34 m2)( 19 K) = 235.639 W = (0.759 W/m2. K)(22.79 m2)( 19 K) = 328.655 W

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Room 18: Q QR Room 19: Q QR Room 20: Q QR

= (0.759 W/m2. K)( 36.98 m2)( 19 K) = 533.289 W = (0.759 W/m2. K)(45.58 m2)( 19 K) = 657.309 W = (0.759 W/m2. K)(8.6 m2)( 19 K) = 124.021 W

b.) Heat transfer through fenestration: Heat transfer through transparent surface such as a window. The heat transfer due to solar radiation through the window is given by: Q= A(SHGFmax)(SC)(CLF) Where: A SHGFmax SC CLF = Area of the Window Exposed = Maximum Solar Heat Gain Factor = Shading Coefficient = Cooling Load Factor

From Table 4-10, p75 of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones at 40o North Latitude in March, September, SHGFmax for: North East/North West: 285 W/m2 South East/South West: 730 W/m2

From Table 4-11, p76 of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones at Single glass, Regular Sheet with Light Venetian blinds, SC = 0.55

From Table 4-12, p77 of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones at 9:00 am & 2:00 pm Solar Time, CLF CLF CLF CLF = 0.58 for Northeast Facing window at 9:00 am = 0.81 for Southeast Facing window at 9:00 am = 0.75 for Southwest Facing window at 2:00 pm = 0.30 for Northwest Facing window at 2:00 pm

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Room 1 and 2: None Room 3: Southeast Facing window, Q = 2.4 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.81) Q = 780.516 W QF = 780.516 W

Room 4: Northwest Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 225.72 W Southwest Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 2890.8 W QF = 3116.52 W

Room 5: Northwest Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 225.72 W QF Room 6: None Room 7: Southeast Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.81) Q = 1821.204 W Southwest Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 1686.3 W QF = 3507.504 W = 225.72 W

Room 8: Northeast Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2 (285 W/m2) (0.55) (0.58) Q = 872.784 W

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Northwest Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 225.72 W QF = 1098.504 W

Room 9: Northwest Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 451.44 W Southwest Facing window, Q = 14.4 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 4336.2 W Southeast Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.81) Q = 3122.064 W QF = 7909.704 W

Room 10: Northeast Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2 (285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.58) Q = 872.784 W Northwest Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 225.72 W QF = 1098.504 W Room 11: Southeast Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.81) Q = 1561.032 W QF = 1561.032 W

Room 12: Northwest Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2 (285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 451.44 W Southwest Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2 (730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 2890.8 W

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QF

= 3342.24 W

Room 13: Northwest Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2 (285 W/m2) (0.55) (0.30) Q = 263.34 W QF = 263.34 W

Room 14: Southeast Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2 (730 W/m2) (0.55) (0.81) Q = 1821.204 W Northeast Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2 (285 W/m2) (0.55) (0.58) Q = 509.124 W QF = 2330.328 W

Room 15: Northwest Facing window, Q = 11.2 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 526.68 W QF = 526.68 W

Room 16: Southwest Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 1686.3 W QF = 1686.3 W

Room 17: Southwest Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2 (730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 1686.3 W Southeast Facing window, Q = 5.6 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.81) Q = 1821.204 W QF = 3507.504 W Room 18: Northeast Facing window,

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Q Q

= 9.6 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.58) = 872.784 W

Northwest Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 225.72 W QF = 1098.504 W

Room 19: Northwest Facing window, Q = 9.6 m2 (285 W/m2)(0.55)(0.30) Q = 451.44 W Southwest Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 1445.4 W QF = 1896.84 W

Room 20: Southwest Facing window, Q = 4.8 m2(730 W/m2)(0.55)(0.75) Q = 1445.4 W QF = 1445.4 W

c.) Heat transfer due to infiltration: Infiltration gains should be added to the room heat gains. Recommended infiltration rates are air change per hour for most air conditioning cases and air changes for double glazing or if special measures have been taken to prevent infiltration. Qinf = Where: n V To Ti Assumptions: 1.) Windows are always close 2.) Doors are also always close except when someone enters/exits. For rooms which are exposed to the outside environment: = Number of air changes per hour, h-1 = Volume of room, m3 = Outside Design Temperature, oC = Inside Design Temperature, oC

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Room 4: V Q QI Room 8: V Q QI Room 9: V Q QI Room 10: V Q QI Room 15: V Q QI Room 18: V Q = = 36.98 m2 (2.4 m)
(

= 63.79 m2 (2.4 m)

= 152.096 m3

= = 285.814 W = 36.98 m2 (2.4 m)

(

= 88.75 m3
)

= = 166.776 W

= 110.94 m2 (2.4 m) = 266.256 m3

( )

= = 500.339 W

= 37.84 m2 (2.4 m)
(

= 91.152 m3
)

= = 171.290 W

= 86 m2 (2.4 m)
( )

= 206.4 m3

= = 387.86 W

= 88.752 m3
)

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QI Room 19:

= 166.780 W = 45.58 m2 (2.4 m)

(

V Q QI Room 20: V Q QI = =

= 109.392 m3
)

= 205.566 W = 8.6 m2 (2.5 m)

(

= 20.64 m3
)

= 38.786 W

Calculations: a.) Mass flow rate of Supply air QT Where: QT ma Cp WI T = Total Heat Gain, kW = mass of air, kg/s = Specific heat of the supply air, kJ/kg.K =1.0 + 1.88WI = Humidity ratio of air at Room Temperature = Temperature Difference between Room temperature (Ti) and Supply temperature (TS), K = maCpT

From Psychometric Chart at TR = 24oC and 50% Relative Humidity, WI Since, Cp Cp = 1.0 + 1.88WI = 1.0 + 1.88(0.00925 kg/kg) = 1.0173 kJ/kg.K = 0.00925 kg m/kg da

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Assume Temperature of Supply air before entering the room is, TS Then, T T = (24 oC + 273) (13 oC + 273) = 11 K = 13oC

Solving for the mass of air (ma), ma =

We could now get the Volume flow rate of Supply air (Va), Va Where: ma = Mass of air Vf = Specific Volume of Supply Air = (ma) (Vf)

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From Table2, p6.3 of ASHRAE HVAC Fundamentals Handbook 1997 at TS = 13oC, Vf = 0.8225 m3/kg Solving for the Volume of air needed per room: For Each Room: Room 1: ma ma Va Va Room 2: ma ma Va Va Room 3: ma ma Va Va Room 4: ma ma =
( )

= 0.105 kg/s = (0.105 kg/s)(0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.087 m3/s

= 0.064 kg/s = (0.064) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.053 m3/s

= 0.116 kg/s = (0.116 kg/s) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.096 m3/s

= 0.513 kg/s

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Va Va Room 5: ma ma Va Va Room 6: ma ma Va Va Room 7: ma ma Va Va Room 8: ma ma Va Va

= (0.513 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.422 m3/s

= 0.636 kg/s = (0.636 kg/s) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.052 m3/s

= 0.079 kg/s = (0.079 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.065 m3/s

= 0.437 kg/s = (0.437 kg/s) ( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.359 m3/s

= 0.258 kg/s = (0.258 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.213 m3/s

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Room 9: ma ma Va Va Room 10: ma ma Va Va Room 11: ma ma Va Va Room 12: ma ma Va Va =

( )

= 1.085 kg/s = (1.085 kg/s) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.892 m3/s

= 0.397 kg/s = (0.397 kg/s) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.327 m3/s

= 0.251 kg/s = (0.251 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.206 m3/s

= 0.563 kg/s = (0.563kg/s) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.463 m3/s

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Room 13: ma ma Va Va Room 14: ma ma Va Va Room 15: ma ma Va Va Room 16: ma ma Va Va =

( )

= 0.092 kg/s = (0.092 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.076 m3/s

= 0.336 kg/s = (0.336 kg/s) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.276 m3/s

= 0.330 kg/s = (0.330 kg/s)(0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.271 m3/s

= 0.296 kg/s = (0.296 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.243 m3/s

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Room 17: ma ma Va Va Room 18: ma ma Va Va Room 19: ma ma Va Va Room 20: ma ma Va Va =

( )

= 0.430 kg/s = (0.430 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.354 m3/s

= 0.308 kg/s = (0.308 kg/s) 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.254 m3/s

= 0.489 kg/s = (0.489 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.402 m3/s

= 0.214 kg/s = (0.214 kg/s)( 0.8225 m3/kg) = 0.176 m3/s

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For the Whole Building: Solving for the Total mass of air in in the Building, mT mT =

6.426 kg/s

Solving for the Total Volume of air (VT) needed by the fan or passing through the main duct, VT VT = (6.426 kg/s) (0.8225 m3/kg) = 5.285 m3/s

b.) For the Main Duct diameter (Dm) From Figure 9 of ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals 2009 at VT = 5.285 m3/s and assuming a main duct velocity (Vm) of 8 m/s from approximate range of 5 m/s to 8m/s, Dm Pa/m Assume: 4H = W A = (/4)(0.800 m)2 = 900 mm = 0.900 m = 0.6 Pa/m

0.636 m2 = (W) H = 4H2 H H W W

=
= 0.399 m 0.400 m = 4H = 4(0.400 m) = 1.6 m H x W = 400mm x 1600mm

c.) For the Sub-main duct and other branches