Modul A

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK
PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH HULU SELANGOR

40000 KUALA KUBU BHARU, SELANGOR D.E.
UNIT SAINS & MATEMATIK

40000 KUALA KUB BHARU, SELANGOR D.E.
MODULE A
Science Process Skills
(SECTION A)
Disediakan oleh
GURU-GURU SAINS SPM
DAERAH HULU SELANGOR
MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

Module A : SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS (SECTION A)
oleh Guru-guru Sains SPM Daerah Hulu Selangor

QUESTION 1
Diagram 1 shows an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens at different
distance of an object.
Distance of an object
Focal length
Diagram 1
Table 1 shows the result of the experiment.
Distance of object
(cm)
10
20
30
40
Focal length
(cm)
40
30
20
10
Table 1
(a)
State the variables in this experiment.

(i)
Manipulated variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Constant variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]


(b)
State the hypothesis that can be made from the experiment.
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Write one observation from the result of the experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Based on the result, what happened to the focal length when the distance of an
object increased?
When the distance of an object increased, the focal length _______________ .
[1 mark]


QUESTIONS 2
Diagram 2 shows an experiment to study the formation of an image by a convex lens.
Object
3F
2F
2F
3F
Diagram 2
(a)
Complete Diagram 2 to show the formation of the image by the convex lens
[2 marks]
(b)
Measure and write down the distance of the image.

_____________________________ cm
[1 mark]
(c)
(d)
State two characteristics of the image formed in 2 (a)

1.
____________________________________________________________
2.
____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
Predict the distance of image when the object is place at 2F.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]


QUESTIONS 3
Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show an experiment to determine the focal length of
a thin convex lens and a thick convex lens. The clear image formed in white screen.
Thin convex lens
lenslensWhite
screen
White screen
Image
Focal length
8.2 cm
DIAGRAM 3.1
Thick convex lens
lenslensWhite
screen
White screen
Image
Focal length
.. cm
DIAGRAM 3.2


(a)
Measure and write down the focal length in Diagram 3.2.

Focal length
: __________________ cm
[1 mark]
(b)
State the hypothesis based on this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

(i)
Constant variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Observe Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2. What is the difference between the focal
length of convex lens in Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Give three characteristic of the image formed in this experiment.

1.
_________________________________________________________
2.
_________________________________________________________
3.
_________________________________________________________
[3 marks]


QUESTIONS 4
Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the electrical conductivity in different type of
juice. Copper plate and lead plate act as electrodes.
Diagram 4
The result of the experiment shown in Table 4.
Type of juice
Galvanometer reading (G)
Distilled water
Tomato juice
Lemon juice
0.0
0.2
0.4
Table 4
(a)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Constant variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]


(b)
State one hypothesis for the experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Write one observation for this experiment based on the result in Table 4.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
What is the operational definition for electrical conductivity in this experiment?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]


QUESTIONS 5
Diagram 5 shows an experiment to study the electroplating of an iron nail in different type
of electrolytes.
A
aluminium
sulphate
solution
Diagram 5
Set
A
B
Type of electrolyte
Copper (II) sulphate
solution
Aluminium sulphate
solution
Mass of iron nail

(g)
8.0
5.0
Table 5
(a)

(i)
(iii)
(iii)
(b)
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Constant variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one hypothesis for this experiment.


__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Write one observation for the experiment based on the result in Table 5.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result in Table 5, what is the best electrolyte for electroplating process
of an iron nails.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 6
10

Diagram 6 shows an experiment to study the electrical conductivity of lead (II) bromide.
Diagram 6
The result of the experiment is shown in Table 6.
Condition of substances
Solid Lead (II) bromide
Molten Lead (II) bromide
Ammeter Reading
(A)
0.0
2.0
Table 6
(a) State the variables in this experiment.
(i) Controlled variable
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Manipulated variable
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Responding variable
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

11

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
From the result of Table 6, write one observation in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference from the result in Table 6.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result of experiment, which condition can conduct electricity?

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Lead (II) bromide is an ionic compound.

State the operational definition for an ionic compound.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 7
12

Diagram 7 shows an experiment to study the reactivity of metals with oxygen. Potassium
manganate (VII) crystals will produce oxygen when it heated.
glass wool
Diagram 7
Type of Metal
Brightness of light
Aluminium
Very bright
Zinc
Bright
Copper
Not bright
Table 7

(i) Manipulated variable
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Responding variable
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Constant variable
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

13

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Write one observation from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result of experiment, tick ( ) for the most reactive metal with
oxygen.
Aluminium
Zinc
Copper
[1 mark]
(f)
Based on the result in Table 7, state one conclusion in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 8
14

Diagram 8 shows an experiment to study the reactivity of metals with acid.
Gas collected after
10 minutes
Burette
Diagram 8
Ferum
Volume of gas collected

after 10 minutes
(ml)
4.0
Magnesium
8.0
Lead
0.0
Type of Metal
Table 8
(i) Constant variable
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
__________________________________________________________________
15


[1 mark]
(c)
State one observation from the result in Table 8.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Based on the observation in Table 8, state one inference for the experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result of experiment, complete the reactivity series of metal with acid
in boxes below by using :
1 most reactive; 2 more reactive and 3 less reactive.
Ferum
Magnesium
Lead
3
[1 mark]
(f)
Write down one conclusion in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 9

16

Diagram 9 shows an experiment to study the heat change in chemical reactions at room
temperature 27C.
Initial reading at
27C
Diagram 9
The result of the experiment is shown in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
Set
Type of reactant
Ammonium chloride
Final reading of temperature

(C)
25C
Sodium hydroxide
38C

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
Based on result in Table 9.1, what is your observation of temperature change

for set Q.

17

Mark ( ) for your answer in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2
Temperature decrease
No change in temperature
Temperature increase
[1 mark]
(c)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Based on the result in Table 9.1, state one inference for this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Endothermic and exothermic are type of chemical reactions.

Write the operational definition for endothermic in this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 10
18

Diagram 10 shows an experiment to study the rate of dissolves with different size of salt.
Distilled
water
A
B
Diagram 10
Table 10 shows the result of experiment.

Table 10
Size of salt
(a)
Time taken for

salts dissolves (min)
Fine salt (small)
Coarse salt (big)
10

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

__________________________________________________________________
19


[1 mark]
(d)
Based on the observation in Table 10, state one inference.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Write down one conclusion in this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 11

20

Diagram 11 shows an experiment to study the effect of impurities on boiling point of distilled
water.
Common salt
Distilled water
Diagram 11
The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 11.
Table 11
Common salt
Type of substances
Boiling point/ C
Distilled water
thermometer
100
Distilled water + salt

.
DIAGRAM 1
(a)
Based on the experiment, complete Table 11.
(b)
Write down one hypothesis for this experiment.
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Write down one inference based on the results of experiment.

21

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Predict the boiling point if you replace salt with sugar in Diagram 11.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g)
What is the operational definition of distilled water?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 12
22

Diagram 12 shows an experiment to study the relationship between temperature of distilled
water and time taken.
beaker
Diagram 12
Table 12
Time /min
10
15
20
25
Temperature / oC
28
42
64
84
100
100
(a)
Using the data in Table 12, draw a graph of temperature of distilled water
against time.

23

.
Temperature (oC)
100
80
60
40
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (minute)
[2 marks]
(b)

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Mark ( ) the boiling point on the graph

[1 mark]
(d)
Based on the graph, state the relationship between the temperature of distilled water
and time in the first 15 minutes?
24


__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Predict the temperature of distilled water at 30 minutes based on the graph.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(h)
What is the operational definition of boiling point?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 13
25

Diagram 13 shows an experiment to study the effect of surface area with rate of cooling
after 30 minutes.
Diagram 13
Table 13
Size of beaker
(a)
Beaker 100 ml
Temperature after 30 minutes

(C)
80C
Beaker 250 ml
50C

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

26

(d)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Write one inference from this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result in Table 13, which size of beaker has the higher rate of cooling.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Predict the temperature of hot water in Diagram 13 if the experiment using

of beaker 500 ml.
size
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 14

27

Diagram 14 shows an experiment to study the characteristics of an image formed by
pinhole camera.
White
screen
2 cm
Image
Object
x cm
Object distance
Diagram 14
(a)
Measure and write down the object distance from Diagram 14.
___________________________ cm
[1 mark]
(b)
(c)

(i)
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Constant variable
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one hypothesis based on this experiment.
(d)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Write down one observation from this experiment.

28

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Predict the size of the image if the object placed at more than x cm from the pinhole
camera.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Based on Diagram 14, state three characteristics of the image formed on white
screen.
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
QUESTIONS 15
29

Diagram 15 shows an experiment to study the hardness of various types of metals.
The weight is released from a height of 50 cm onto the steel ball bearing. The depth of the
dent of metal block is measured.
Diagram 15
The results are recorded in Table 15.
Table 15
(a)
(c)
Type of block
Depth of the dent (cm)
Bronze
Tin
Copper
0.26
0.30
0.32

(i)
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Constant variable
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Write down one observation from the result in Table 15.

30

(e)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one inference from this experiment.
(f)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Based on the result in Table 15, which metal is the hardest.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 16
31

Diagram 16.1 shows an experiment to study the hardness of alloy compared to
metal.
pure
Diagram 16.1
Diagram16. 2 show the effect on the copper and brass block.
Diagram 16.2
(i)
Manipulated variable: ______________________________________
(ii)
Responding variable : ______________________________________
(iii)
Controlled variable : _______________________________________

[3 marks]
(b)
Write down one hypothesis from this experiment.

32

_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Write down one observation based on Diagram 16.2.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference based on the observation in (c).
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Brass is an alloy.
State the operational definition of alloy.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Predict the dent of copper block if weight 200g is used in this experiment.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 17
33

Diagram 17 shows the arrangement of apparatus to study the subtraction of RED colour
lights from Colour of Filters X.
White screen
RED Lights
Diagram 17
Table 17
(a)
Colour of Filter X
Colour formed
RED
RED
BLUE
BLACK
GREEN
BLACK

(i) Manipulated variable: ______________________________________
(ii) Responding variable : _______________________________________
(iii) Controlled variable : _______________________________________
[3 marks]
(b)
Write down one hypothesis from this experiment.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Write down one observation based on the result in Table 17.

34

_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one conclusion based on the result in Table 17.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) Predict the colour formed on the white screen when the colour of X is YELLOW.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 18

35

Diagram 18 shows the arrangement of apparatus to study the formation of light scattering
on sodium thiosulphate solutions.
red spot
blue colour
Diagram 18
The results of the experiment are shown in the Table 18.
Label
A
B
(a)
Type of solution
Sodium thiosulphate
solution
Sodium thiosulphate
solution + dilute
hydrochloric acid
Colours
on white screen
White spot
Red spot

(i)
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable

36

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Constant variable
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference from the observation of this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Light scattering happened in Solution B. State the operational definition of

scattering.
light
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

37

QUESTIONS 19
Diagram 19 shows an experiment to study the resistance of alloy and pure metal
to corrosion (rusting).
Diagram 19
The results of the experiment are shown in the Table 19.
Type of nail
Formation of rust
Iron nail
Rust
Steel nail
No Rust
(a)
(b)
(i)
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Constant variable
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

38

(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference based on the observation in (c).

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Steel nail is an alloy. State the operational definition of alloy from this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Tick ( ) the object that can be rust in the sodium chloride solution.
Iron
Keys
Steel Scissors knife
Steel Spring
[1 mark]

39

QUESTIONS 20
Diagram 20 shows an experiment to study the distillation process from salt solution. The
volumes of distilled water are recorded every 2 minutes after condensation process
happened in Liebig condenser.
Volume of distilled
water
Diagram 20
Table 20
Time (minute)
10
Volume of distilled water (ml)
10
15
20
25
25

40

(a) Based on the result in Table 20, draw a graph volume of distilled water against
time.
Volume of distilled water (ml)
25
20
15
10
5
0
2
10
Time (minute)
[2 marks]
(b)

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
41


_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Based on the graph, state the relationship between the volume of distilled water and
time in first 6 minutes.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Predict the volumes of distilled water are collected at 12 minutes in this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(h)
Distilled water produce from distillation process of salt solution.

What is the operational definition of distilled water?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

42

QUESTIONS 21
Diagram 21 shows the experiment to study the electrical conductivity of different
substances.
Diagram 21
The result of the experiment is shown in Table 21.
Table 21
Type of substance
Ammeter reading (A)
Lead
2.0
Sulphur
0.0
Molten Lead (II) bromide
1.0

43

(a)
Write the manipulated variable in this experiment.
(b)
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Write the responding variable in this experiment.
(c)
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State the fixed variable is using in this experiment.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Write down one hypothesis based on the result in Table 21.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
State one inference from the result of experiment in Table 21.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g)
Based on the result in Table 21, which type of substance is a good conductor.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

44

QUESTIONS 22
Diagram 22 shows the experiment to study the effect of impurities on the melting point of
ice.
Diagram 22
The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 22.
Table 22.1
Set
Type of substances
Melting point(oC)
Ice
Ice + salt

45

(a)
Based on Diagram 22, complete the result in Table 22.1
(b)
Write down one hypothesis from the experiment.
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Based on result in Table 22.1, what is your observation of temperature change for
set B.
Mark ( ) for your answer in Table 22.2.
Table 22.2
Temperature decrease
No change in temperature
Temperature increase
[1 mark]
(e)
State the inference from the observation in Table 22.1.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Salt is an impurities
Write the operational definition of impurities in this experiment.

46

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 23
The Form 4 Melati carry out an experiment to study the variation of group of blood. There
are four group of blood; A, B, AB and O.
Table 23 shows the group blood of 25 pupils in the class.
Table 23.1
(a)
AB
AB
AB
Based on Table 23.1, determine the number of pupils in each group. Complete
Table 23.2.

47

Table 23.2
Group of blood
AB
Number of pupils
[2 marks]
(a)
Based on the result in Table 23.2, draw a bar chart to show the number of pupils
against the group of blood.
Number of
pupils

48
Group of blood

[2 marks]
(b)

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Write down one hypothesis from the experiment.

_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one observation from the result in Table 23.2.

_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (a).
_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

49

QUESTIONS 24
Diagram 24 shows an experiment to study the rate of salt dissolved.
Diagram 24
Table 24 shows the time taken of salt dissolved.
50

Table 24
(a)
Amount of salt (g)
Time taken for salt

dissolved (min)
10
20
30
40
50
10
Based on Table 24, draw a graph of amount of salt against time taken.

51

[2 marks]
(a)
What is relationship between amount of salt and time taken for its dissolved?
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
Based on the graph in (a), Mark the time taken when the amount of salt is 35g.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

52

(d)
(e)
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(h)
State the inference from the result of experiment in Table 24.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(i)
Write down the conclusion in the experiment .

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 25

53

Diagram 25 shows an experiment of making soap from the reaction of palm oil with
concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. The solution was heated around 20 minutes until
are white solid form.
Diagram 25
Table 25
(a)
Amount
of
palm oil (ml)
30
Amount
of
white solid (g)
10
60
15
90
20

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
Based on the result in Table 25, state one observation for this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

54

(i)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Constant variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State the inference that can be made from the result in Table 25.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Write down the conclusion in the experiment .

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 26
55

Diagram 26 shows an experiment to study the volume of ethanol produced by using various
type of solution in fermentation process.
Diagram 26
Table 26
Type of solution
(a)
Banana juice
Volume of ethanol
(ml)
10
Pineapple juice
30
Apple juice
20

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

56

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

(i)
Controlled variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference that can be made from the result in Table 26.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result, which type of the solution is the best solution for produce the
ethanol from fermentation process.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 27
57

Diagram 27 shows an experiment to produce ethanol through the fermentation process by
added yeast in glucose solution. The condition of the lime water solution was recorded at
two days.
Diagram 27
After two days, the observations of solution are recorded as in Table 27.
Table 27
(a)
Day
Condition
of lime water
solution
Clear
Clear
Cloudy

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

58

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)

(i)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Controlled variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference that can be made from the result in Table 27.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Write down the conclusion from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Tick () the solution can replace glucose solution to produce ethanol by

Fermentation process.
Sugarcane juice
Distilled water
Salt solution
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 28

59

Diagram 28 shows an experiment to study of effect of antibiotic on bacteria growth. The
Penicillin dish is an antibiotic using in this experiment. The sterilized petri dish is
incubated at 37C in laboratory.
After two days there are clear areas formed surroundings the penicillin disc.
Sterilized Petri dish
Nutrient agar
+
bacteria Bacillus subtilis
CLEAR AREA
PENICILLIN DISH
Diagram 28
(a)

(i)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
Controlled variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

60

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
State the observation for this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State the inference that can be made from the observation in this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Write down the conclusion from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Penicillin is an antibiotic.
Write the operational definition of antibiotic in this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 29
61

Diagram 29 shows an experiment to study the action of acid and alkali on the latex.
sodium
hydroxide
B
Diagram 29.1
After 30 minutes, the results of the experiment are shown in the Table 29.
Table 29
(a)
Set
Type of solution
Condition of latex
Ethanoic acid + latex
Solid
Sodium hydroxide + latex
Liquid

(i)
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
62


(iii)
Controlled variable
(b)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one hypothesis based on the result in Table 29.
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one observation for this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Based on the result in Table 29, which type of solution can be used to make the
football in Diagram 29.2.
Football
Diagram 29.2
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Mark () the solutions can replace the ethanoic acid in react with latex.
Propanoic acid
Calcium Hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid
[1 mark]

63

QUESTIONS 30
Diagram 30 shows an experiment to study the relationship between the weight of pebble
and the volume of liquid displaced by the object.
Diagram 30
The results are recorded in Table 30.
Table 30
Weight
of
pebble (g)
20
40
60
80
100

Volume
of water displace
by pebble (ml)
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
64

(a)

(i)
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Controlled variable
____________________________________________________________
(b)
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one observation for this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
Predict the volume of water displaced by pebble if weight of pebble is 120 gram.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result in Table 30, write down one conclusion for this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

65

QUESTIONS 31
Diagram 31 shows an experiment to study the effect of transmission of pressure in liquids
in a hydraulic system.
Diagram 31
Table 31 shows the result for this experiment.
Table 31
Mass of weight on
the small piston (g)
Mass of weight on
the big piston (g)
(a)
150
300
450
600
1200
1800
State the hypothesis based on the result in Table 31.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
(c)
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
66


________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Based on the result in Table 31, state one inference of the experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(g)
State the conclusion that can be made from this experiment.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

67

QUESTIONS 32
Diagram 32 shows an experiment to study the effect of weight on pressure. Different
weight was placed on the cardboard. The depths of impressions are measured by scale on
wooden block.
Diagram 32
The results are shown in Table 32.

Table 32
Weight
(g)
100
Depth of impression
(mm)
3
200
300

68

(a)
(b)

(i)
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Controlled variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
Observed the result in Table 32, write the relationship between weight and depth of
impression.
When the weight is increased, the depths of impression will _______________
[1 mark]
(d)
Predict the depth of impression when the weigh is 500 g.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

69

QUESTIONS 33
Diagram 33 shows an experiment to study the relationship between mass and inertia.
Diagram 33
Table 33
(a)
Mass
(kg)
Time taken to stop oscillation

(minutes)
0.0
1.0

(i)
Fixed variable
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
70


(iii)
Responding variable
(b)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
State one inference based on observation in (c).

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result in Table 33, write the relationship between mass and time.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Predict the time taken when the mass 2.0 kg.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
When the mass increased, the time taken _______________________ and
the inertia ___________________.
[1 mark]

71

QUESTIONS 34
Diagram 34.1 and Diagram 34.2 shows the experiment to study the fermentation process..
Distilled water
Lime water cloudy

Lime water not cloudy
Diagram 34.1
Diagram
34.2
(a)
this
State the variables in

experiment.
(i) Fixed variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii)
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)
State one hypothesis based on Diagram 34.1.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
72


(c)
Write down one observation based on Diagram 34.2.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result of lime water in Diagram 34.1 and Diagram 34.2, which
solution suitable for fermentation process happened.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Predict the condition of lime water when using grape juice and yeast.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 35
Diagram 35 shows an experiment to study the effects of nutrient deficiency on the growth
of green pea seedlings using four test tubes A,B,C and D containing different culture
73

solution.
Diagram 35
Table 35
(a)
Test tube
Types of culture solution
Without nitrogen
Height
of
green pea seedlings (cm)
12
Without Phosporus
10
Without Potassium
Complete culture
20

(i)
Fixed variable
____________________________________________________________
74


[1 mark]
(ii)
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(b)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result in Table 35, which type of culture solution suitable for active
growth of green pea seedlings.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 36

75

Diagram 36 shows an experiment to study the effects of temperature on the bacteria
growth.
Diagram 36
Table 36
(a)
Temperature
(C)
Number of bacteria colonies
30
15
37
28
70

(i)
Constant variable

76

(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(b)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
State one hypothesis in this experiment.
(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Predict the number of bacteria colonies when using temperature 100C.

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Based on the result in Table 36, which temperature suitable for bacteria growth.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 37

77

Diagram 37 shows an experiment to investigate the relationship between the velocity of
water and pressure produced at different diameter of tube.
Diagram 37
Table 37
Part
(a)
(b)
Diameter of tube
(cm)
2.0
Velocity of water
(cm/s)
1.0
0.2
8.0
2.0
4.0

(i)
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Constant variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

78

(c)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)

__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result in Table 37, write one conclusion for this experiment
Pressure is ___________________ at the part where velocity of water fast.
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 38
79

An experiment on the ability of a group of students to roll their tongue was carried out.
Table 38 shows the results of the experiment.
Table 38
Number of students
Able
25
Unable
10
Based on Table 38 draw a bar chart that represents the results.
Number of students
(a)
Ability to roll the tongue
30
[2 marks]
20
10
(b)

0

80
Ability to roll the tongue

(i)
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Constant variable
(c)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
Based on the result in Table 38, write the type of variation in this experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 39
81

Table 39 shows the result of experiment to study the effect of pH value on bacteria growth.
The bacteria incubated in 37C .
Table 39
pH value
Size of bacterial colony

(mm)
0
1
4
8
12
4
0
3
4
5
6
7
9
11
(a) Based on Table 39, draw a graph to show the relationship between the size of
Size of
bacterial bacterial colonies and pH values.
colony
[2 marks]
(mm)
12
10
8
6
4
(b)
10
12
pH Value
Mark the optimum pH for bacterial growth from the graph in (a).
82

[1 mark]
(c)

(i)
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Constant variable
(d)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
QUESTIONS 40
83

Diagram 40 shows the data of heights of 40 pupils in Form 4 Merbau for experiment to
study the variation of height of pupils.
Diagram 40
155
157
145
158
158
(a)
150
157
162
148
164
154
160
154
157
162
153
146
155
164
152
156
150
160
166
149
147
156
161
158
156
152
151
160
168
146
155
167
159
169
154
Complete the Table 40 by determining the number of pupils in each height group
from Diagram 40.
Table 40
Height(cm)
145-149
150-154
155-159
160-164
165-169
Number of
pupils
[2 marks]
(b) Based on the results in Table 2, draw a histogram to show the height distribution
of the pupils in the class.

84

[2 marks]
(c)

(i)
(ii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Responding variable
(iii)
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
Constant variable
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

85

(d)
(e)
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f)
Based on the result in Table 40, write down the type of variation for this
experiment.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
END OF MODULE A

86

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UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH HULU SELANGOR

UNIT SAINS & MATEMATIK

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

State the variables in this experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

State the hypothesis that can be made from the experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

Measure and write down the distance of the image.

State two characteristics of the image formed in 2 (a)

Predict the distance of image when the object is place at 2F.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

Measure and write down the focal length in Diagram 3.2.

State the hypothesis based on this experiment.

State the variables in this experiment.

Give three characteristic of the image formed in this experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

Galvanometer reading (G)

State the variables in this experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

State one hypothesis for the experiment.

State one inference for this experiment.

What is the operational definition for electrical conductivity in this experiment?

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

Mass of iron nail

State the variables in this experiment.

State one hypothesis for this experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

State one inference for this experiment.

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

State one hypothesis for this experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

From the result of Table 6, write one observation in this experiment.

State one inference from the result in Table 6.

Based on the result of experiment, which condition can conduct electricity?

Lead (II) bromide is an ionic compound.

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

(a) State the variables in this experiment.

State one hypothesis for this experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

Write one observation from this experiment.

State one inference from this experiment.

Based on the result in Table 7, state one conclusion in this experiment.

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

Volume of gas collected

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

State one observation from the result in Table 8.

Write down one conclusion in this experiment.

MODUL FOCUS SAINS SPM 2009