Weeks/1 Carrie Weeks Oct. 2, 2012 Honors Chem. Pd.

Density Lab Objective: To measure the mass and volume of various metals, then graph the data to observe the relationship between the two measurements. Materials: Graduated cylinder, 25 mL Lead shots Aluminum shots Zinc shots Weighing dish Pan balance

Procedure: 1. Pour five different samples of one type of shot into five weighing dishes. 2. Measure the mass of each sample using the pan balance. Record it in a data table. 3. Fill the graduated cylinder to an initial volume and record it. Then submerge each shot sample into the cylinder and record the final volume after each sample. 4. Calculate the volume of the sample by water displacement and record it. 5. Repeat this process for all three materials. 6. Graph the volume and mass (volume on x-axis, mass on y-axis) and determine the relationship between the two measurements. Data: Lead Sample 1 2 3 4 5 Mass (g) Vi (mL) Vf (mL) Volume (mL) 11.480 10.6 11.7 1.1 22.695 11.7 13.9 2.2 8.605 13.9 14.8 0.9 54.280 14.8 19.6 4.8 119.641 11.6 22.6 10.0

Weeks/2 Aluminum Sample 1 2 3 4 5 Mass (g) Vi (mL) Vf (mL) Volume (mL) 22.905 28.1 37.0 8.9 43.180 37.0 53.1 16.1 7.319 53.1 56.0 2.9 36.939 41.0 55.1 14.1 14.090 55.1 60.5 5.4

Zinc Sample 1 2 3 4 5 Mass (g) Vi (mL) Vf (mL) Volume (mL) 30.085 31.0 36.1 5.1 42.590 46.8 53.0 6.2 22.190 53.0 56.0 3.0 70.501 36.1 46.8 10.7 10.255 67.1 69.0 1.9

Calculations: % error = (|accepted - measured| / accepted) x 100 Lead: (|11.2 11.8|) / 11.2) x 100 = 5.4% Aluminum: (|2.7 2.6| / 2.7) x 100 = 3.7% Zinc: (|7.1 6.6| / 7.1) x 100 = 7.0%

Weeks/3 Conclusion: The objective of this lab was to determine the relationship between the mass and the volume of a given material. This relationship was found to be density, g/mL, and is a direct relationship. This means that when the volume (x-axis) increased, the mass (y-axis) also increased. Each sample had to be varied in size in order to create a large range of values and data points to ensure the accuracy of the graph. The mass and volume were graphed and the slope of the line was the measured value of density for the material. This value was then used to calculate % error with the accepted density of the material. For example, the density for lead was measured to be 11.8 g/mL, and the accepted density for lead was 11.2 g/mL, producing a % error of 5.4%. This error could be due to the fact that the lead may have still been wet from previous trials that used water displacement, therefore giving it a greater mass. Also, the sample used could have been impure, or other materials could have possibly gotten mixed in with the sample of lead. The precision of the measurements, as seen on the final graph, support the idea that the sample may have been affected by outside causes. Aluminum had a low % error, 3.7%, with a measured density of 2.6 g/mL and an accepted density of 2.7 g/mL. Zinc also had a high % error with a measured density of 6.6 g/mL and an accepted density of 7.1 g/mL. The zinc sample did have other materials scattered within it that could have contaminated the sample and therefore caused inaccurate measurement.