CHAPTER - 1

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

1. Periodic motion. A motion which repeats itself
at regular interval of time is called periodic motion
and the interval of time is which motion is repeated
is called time period.
Examples of periodic motion are
(i) motion of hands of clock
(ii) motion of earth around the sun
(iii) motion of electron around the nucleus
(iv) motion of a ball in a bowl
(v) motion of a liquid in a U tube
2. Oscillatory motion
If in case of a periodic motion the particle moves
to and fro about the same path, the motion is said
to be oscillatory motion. Examples of oscillatory
motion are
(i) the motion of the prongs of a tuning fork
(ii) the motion of a ball in a bowl
(iii) the motion of needle of a sewing machine.
(iv) the motuion of a mass hung on a spring
In addition to mechanical systems, other systems
also exhibit oscillatory motion. In solids, atoms or
molecules oscillate about their mean position
around a fixed lattice. In a transmitting or receiving
ant enna, elect rons osci ll at e radio waves,
microwaves and visible light waves (em waves)
being examples of oscillating electric and magnetic
fields.
It is to be noted that every oscillatory motion is
periodic but every periodic motion is not
oscillatory. For example, the motion of earth
around the sun or motion of electron around
nucleus are periodic but not oscillatory. Similarly
the motion of conical pendulum is periodic but not
oscillatory. For a periodic motion to be oscillatory
it should be confined between certain fixed limits.
When the oscillating body moves from mean or
equilibrium position to one extreme and then to the
other and back to mean position, it is said to have
completed one vibration.
3. Simple harmonic motion. A particle is said to
execute S.H.M. if it moves such that its accletion
is
(i) directly proportional to its displacement from
its means or equilibrium position and
(ii) directed towards equilibrium position.
All simple harmonic motions, are periodic but the
converse is not always true. Simple harmonic
motions may be of two types.
(a) Linear S.H.M. in which case the body oscillates
along a straight path under the action of a constant
restoring force.
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Examples :
1. The motion of a mass attached to a spring.
2. Motion of prongs of a vibrating tuning fork.
3. Oscillation of a liquid column in a U-tube.
4. Oscillation of a body immersed in a liquid.
5. Vibrations of atoms in a crystal latteice etc.
(b) Angular S.H.M. in which case the body
oscillates about an axis under the action of constant
restoring torque.
Examples :
1. Torsional oscillation of a magnet suspended in a
magnetic field.
2. The motion of a balance wheel of a watch.
3. Oscillation of solid sphere suspended from a
wire etc.
3.1 Simple harmonic motion as projection of
uniform circular motion.Consider a particle P of
mass m movin with a uniform angular speed
along a circular path of radius a and centre at O.
Suppose the particle is at X at t = 0 and moves to
P in time t where XOP = .
=

t
or = t
Fig.1
From P draw PN perpendicular to diameter YOY,
N is called projection of P on A (It is also called
foot of the perpendicular on YOY). As point P
moves along the circumference of circle from X to
Y, Y to X, X to Y and Y to X to complete one
rotation, the foot of the perpendicular (N) moves
from O to Y, Y to O, O to Y and Y to O to
complete one vibration along diameter YOY. The
projection of uniform circular motion along
diameter of circle of reference is called S.H.M.
3.2 Characteristics of simple harmonic motion:
Displacement. Reference to the figure above.
Displacement of the vibrating particle N from
mean position O is
ON = y = OP sin
= a sin
y = a sin t (as = t)
Amplitude, maximum value of displacement on
either side of mean position = (a) is called
amplitude.
Time period = T = time taken by the vibrating
particle to complete one vibration about its mean
position, which is also the time taken by the
corresponding particle in circle of reference to
complete one rotation is given by
T =
2

Frequencey (n) (or f) : The number of vibrations
made per second is called its frequencey. It is the
reciprocal of time period T.
n =
1
T
=

2
, is called angular frequencey.
Phase of vibrating particle describes the state of
vibration as regards its position, velocity and
acceleration, of vibrating particle since the particle
last left its mean position in the positive direction.
Initial Phase or Epoch
Phase of vibrating particle may also be defined as
the argument of sine. Suppose the particle is at P at
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t = 0, XOP = and moves on to P where POP =
t, so that XOP = t + = . = . = . = .
Fig.-2
Now
ON
OP
=
y
a
= sin = sin ( t + )
y = a sin ( t + )
( t + ) is thus the phase of the vibrating particle,
At t = 0, initial phase or epoch is . It can be
positive or negative,
If initial phase is positive, it means that the particle
has crossed mean position when we started taking
measurement of time. On the other hand if it is
negative, it means that we have started taking
measurement of time before particle reaches mean
position.
Characteristics of S.H.M. means parameters which
differentiate between two S.H.M. These are
amplitude, and phase difference . . . .
3.3 Velocity of the particle executing S.H.M.: In
the figure shown below, u shows velocity of the
particle executing circular motion.
Fig. 3
The velocity u is resolved into two component u
cos parallel to yoy and component u sin
perpendicualr to Y O Y. If for a moment we do
not consider the component u sin then under the
influence of component u cos alone the particle
N can be seen to perform S.H.M. about O. Thus the
component u cos alone is responsible for the
S.H.M. of particle N. If the component u sin also
acts along with u cos the resultant motion in the
particle P is circular because the displacement due
to u sin is then suppermiposed on the oscillatory
motion due to u cos . . . .
Thus the velocity of the particle executing S.H.M.
is given by,
I v = u cos .....(i)
Since u = a and = t, the expression of v can
also be written as,
v = a cos t
Now from triangle ONP, cos =
a
2
y
2
a
Substituting it above in eqn. (i), we have
v = u x
a
2
y
2
a
v = a x
a
2
y
2
a
or a
2
y
2
It is clear that at mean position, where y = 0, the
velocity of the particle executing S.H.M. is
maximum and is equal to a . At extreme position,
y = a and v = 0.
As per eqn. (i) variation of velocity of the particle
executing S.H.M. with can be drawn as shown
below :
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Fig.4
3.4 Acceleration of the particle executing
S.H.M.
We know that the centreipetal force acting on the
particle P executing circular motion
v
2
r
is directed
radially inwards as shown in figure below :
Fig.5
The component of this acceleration responsible for
acceleration in the particle executing S.H.M.
v
2
a
sin . Further since it is directed towards the
mean position i.e., against the direction of
displacement the acceleration A in the particle
executing S.H.M. can be written as,
A =
v
2
a
sin
Substituting v = a , we have
A =
2
a sin
Substituting y = a sin , we have
A =
2
y
At extreme positions magnitude of the acceleration
is maximum and is given by
2
a, while at mean
position acceleration in the particle executing S.H.
M. is zero.
Note that at mean position though velocity is
maximum but the rate of change of velocity i.e.,
acceleration is zero.
Also at extreme points though the velocity
becomes zero but since the acceleration is
maximum and is directed towards the mean
position. Therefore the particle starts to move in
the direction of acceleration. Had the acceleration
also been zero at extreme position the particle
would have come a rest.
Geometrical Representation of Acceleration:
Acceleration in the particle executing S.H.M.
varies as the graph of sin as shown in figure
below:
Fig.6
3.5 Restoring force on a particle executing
S.H.M.
The net unbalanced force acting on the particle in
the displaced position which tends to restore the
particle to the mean position is called restoring
force.
Thus F = m A = m (
2
y)
or, F = m
2
y
or, F = ky
Thus restoring force is directly proportional to
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displacement.
3.6 Energy of a particle in S.H.M.
Potential Energy :The potential energy at a
displacement y is the work done against the
restoring force in moving the body from the mean
position to this position. It is given by the area
under the F y graph.
Fig. 7
Since the force is a variable force,
Work done = average force x displacement
=
1
2
F Y =
1
2
ky
2
=
1
2
m
2
y
2
This is the general expression of potential energy
of the particle executing S.H. M. in terms of
displacement y. In terms of angular displacement,
it can also be written as below :
P.E. =
1
2
m
2
a
2
sin
2

The maximum value of P.E.,
P.E.max =
1
2
m
2
a
2

In terms of P.E.
max
, the above expression of
potential energy can also be written as,
P.E. = P.E.max sin
2

Potential energy is maximum at the extreme
position i.e., when y = a and zero when y = 0.
Kinetic Energy :
K.E. =
1
2
mv
2
=
1
2
m
2
a
2
cos
2
t
=
1
2
m
2
(a
2
y
2
)
The maximum value of K.E. is
1
2
m
2
a
2
. In terms
of K.E.
max
, the above expression of kinetic energy
can also be written as,
K.E. = K.E.
max
cos
2

K.E., is maximum at the mean position, where y =
0 and 0 when y = a
Total Energy:
At any instant, the total mechanical energy, E is
given by, E = K.E. + P.E.
=
1
2
m
2
y
2
+
1
2
m
2
(a
2
y
2
) =
1
2
m
2
a
2
Thus it is clear that total energy does not depend
upon y and thus at every instant total energy is
constant.
Though t he part i cl e executi ng S. H. M. i s
continously acted upon by a restoring force, still its
total energy remains constant. For this reason the
restroing force in S.H.M. is a conservative force.
The variation of P.E., K.E. and E with displacement
are shown below :
Fig.8
Note that during the time the particle executing
S.H.M. attains one positive peak, the variation in
potential energy or kinetic energy attains two
positive peaks. Therefore it is said that energy
oscillates between potential and kinetic at twice the
frequencey of S.H.M.
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4. Mass-spring System : When a spring is
compressed or streteched by small amount a
restoring force is produced in it, which is
proportional to the displacement y, i.e., F = ky.
The constant k is called the spring constant or the
force constant of the spring. It is measured as the
force requiered to produce unit elongation or
compression in the spring. Stiffer the spring,
greater the k. In the chapter of elasticity, we will
derive another important expression of k as, k =
YA
L
, where Y is the youngs modulous of elasticity
of material of the spring. A is the area of cross
section and L is the length of the spring.
Dimensions of force constant are incidentally same
as those of surface tenstion, MT
-2
(i) Horizontal Oscillations :
Consider a massless spring of constant k, one end
of which is fixed rigidly to a wall and the other end
is attached to a body of mass m which is free to
move on a frictionless horizontal surface. The
figure drawn below shows the position of
equilibrium.
Fig. 9
When the body pulled to the right as shown in
figure below, the restoring force exerted by the
spring on the body is directed to the left.
Fig. 10
When the body is pushed to the left as shown in
figure below, the restoring force is directed to the
right.
Fig. 11
In both the above situations, the restoring force is
given by,
F = ky
Since this force acts on mass m, it is also
responsible for creating acceleration a in the mass
m. Equating the two, we have
m a = ky
or, a =
|

\
k
m
|
|
y
Comparing it with the standard equation of
acceleration, we have
k
m
=
2
or, =
k
m
or, T = 2
m
k
or, n =
1
2

k
m
(ii) Vertical Oscillations :
Consider a massless spring suspended vertically
from a fixed support, having mass m connected to
its lower end.
Fig. 12
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The figure (a) shows the original position of the
spring when no mass is suspended from it. The
figure (b) represents the equilibrium position of the
spring when it is stretched by a length l on
suspending mass m from it. In this position the
restoring force (kl) balances weight m g, i.e.,
k l = m g
or, k =
mg
l
When the body is pulled further from this position
through a distance y (figure c), it executes S.H.M.,
its time period is given by
T = 2
m
k
= 2
m
mg

l
= 2
l
g
Note that the time period in vertical oscillation is
same as that in horizontal oscillations. It does not
depend on g.
Series-parallel combinations of springs
(i) Springs in Series :
Suppose two spring of force constants k
1
and k
2
are
connected in series to a mass m.
Fig.13
Let m be displaced to the right through a distance
y, If the extensions of the two springs are y
1
and y
2
respectively, then
y = y1 + y2 .....(i)
Since the springs are massless, the restoring
force F is same in both. Thus
F = k1 y1 = k2 y2
or, y1 =
F
k
1
=
F
k
2
If keq be the equivalent stiffness, then y =
F
k
eq
Substituting these values in eqn. (i), we have
F
ked
=
F
k1
+
F
k2
or,
1
k
ed
=
1
k
1
+
1
k
2
.
Thus in series the equivalent stiffiness decreases.
This situation is identical to the sereis combination
of capacitors.
The decrease in stiffiness in series can be attributed
to the increase in effective length
(k =
YA
L
)
(ii) Springs in paralled :
Fig.14
In this case the elongation produced in each spring
is same. If F
1
and F
2
be the restoring forces
produced in springs of k
1
and k
2
respectively, then
F1 = k1y and F2 = k2 y
The total restoring force F is
F = F1 + F2
If keq be the equivalent stiffiness of the
combination, then F = k
eq
y
Thus keq y = k1 y k2 y
or, keq = k1 + k2
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Thus in parallel the effective k increases. This is
due to effective increase in area of spring
k =
YA
L
Note that for elongations to be same in springs of
different k, the restoring forces gets distributes in
direct proportion of stiffness i.e., more force acts
on the spring which is though to be stretched
(spring of greater k) to produce same elongation.
(iii) Mass connected between two springs :
Fig. 15
Now, =
k
m
So, a
k
m
= constant
or, a
1
k
or,
a
1
a
2
=
k
2
k
1
5. Simple Pendulum
If a heavy point-mass is suspended by a
weightless, inexternsible and perfectly flexible
stri ng from a ri gi d support, then thi s
arrangement is called a sample pendulum. In
practice, however, no such arrangement is
possible. Therefore, this is the definition of an ideal
simple pendulum.
In the laboratory, a small metallic solid sphere is
suspended by a cotton thread from a rigid support.
This is the practical simple pendulum which is
nearest to the ideal pendulum. The sphere is called
the bob and the distance from the point of
suspension to the centre of gravity of the bob is
called the effective length of the pendulum.
When the bob is displaced slightly to one side from
its mean position and released, then it oscillates
nearly in a straight line to and fro about the mean
position.
Periodic-time of Simple Pendulum : Suppose, l
is the effective length of a simple pendulum and m
the mass of its bob. The bob is suspended from a
point S (Fig.7) and its mean position is O. Suppose
at any instant during oscillation, the bob is in the
position A when its displacement is OA = x and the
thread makes an angle with the vertical. In this
position of the bob, two forces act upon it :
(1) Gravitational force mg, which acts at the centre
of gravity and is directed vertically downward.
(2) Tension T in the thread, which along the
direction AS.
The force mg can be resolved into two components
: the component mg cos in line with the thread
and directed opposite to T, and the component mg
sin perpendicula to the thread. The resultant of
the component mg cos q and tension T is the thead
gives the necessary centripetal force to the bob; and
the
Fig. 16
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component mg sin tends to bring the bob back to
its mean position. This is the restoring force F on
the bob. Thus
F = mg sin
The negative sign indicates that the force F is
opposite to the displacement, that is, directed
towards the mean position.
If the angular displacement of the bob be small
and measured in radian, then
sin = = OA /SA = x / l.

.
.
. angle =
arc
radius
(
(

F = (mg / l ) x.
But, according to Newtons law of motion, force =
mass x acceleration. Therefore, if the acceleration
of the bob be , then
F = m = (mg / l) x.
= (g / l ) x. ..........(i)
(g/l) is constant for a given pendulum at a given
place. Therefore,
x.
Thus, the acceleration a of the bob is directly
proportional to its displacement x and is directed
opposite to the displacement. Therefore, the
motion of the bob is simple harmonic. Its
periodic-time is
T = 2p T = 2
displacement
acceleration
.
From eq. (i),
displacement (x)
acceleration ()
=
l
g
.
T = 2
l
g
.
This is the formula for the periodic-time of a simple
pendulum. It does not contain m. So, the
periodic-time of the pendulum does not depend
upon the mass of the bob. If a girls is swinging on
a swing and another girl is seated with her on the
swing, then the periodic-time of the swing would
not change.
Second Pendulum : if the periodic-time of a
pendulum is 2 seconds, then it is called a second
pendulum.
Dependence of the Periodic - time of a
pendulum on the Amplitude : It is evident from
the pendulums formula that its periodic-time does
not depend upon the amplitude. But this is true only
for small amplitudes. If the angular amplitude,
starting from 5., be incresed to 10, 15, upto 60
and the periodic-time be measured in each case
then we shall see that upto 10 15 the periodic-time
remains unchanged, but after this it increases
Dependence of the Periodic-time of a pendulum
on the Effective length If is evident from the
pendulum formula that the periodic-time T of a
pendulum is directly proportonal to the square-root
of its effective length l. If the length of the
pendulum be increased to four times, the
periodic-time T will become twice. When a girl
sitting on a swing stands up then her centre of
gravity rises up and so the effective length of the
swing decreases and the periodic-time also
correspondingly decreases.
Dependence of Periodic-time of a pendulum on
Acceleration due to Gravity : The periodic-time
of a simple pendulum is inversely proportional to
the square-root of the acceleration due to gravity
g. When a pendulum-clock is taken up to a hill or
down in a mine, then due to a decrease in the value
of g, its periodic-time increases, that is, the clock
is slowed down.
6. Liquid Oscillating in a U-tube :
Consider a U-tube of cross sectional area A
containing a liquid column of total length 2 L. In
equilibrium the level of liquid in the two limbs is
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same. Let the liquid be depressed by a distance y
in left limb, such that it rises by y in the right limb.
The difference in levels of the liquid in the two
limbs becomes 2 y.
Fig.17
The restoring force, which tends to bring the liquid
back to the original level is equal to the weight of
the length 2 y of the liquid coloumn.
Thus, F = V g = 2 y A g = (2 A g) y.
This restoring force acts on the entire mass of the
liquid coloumn of mass contained in length 2 L of
the liquid coloumn.
This mass is therefore given by,
M = V x = 2 L x A x
Equating M a to F, we have
( 2 A g ) y = 2 L x A x a
or, gy = L x a
or, a =
yg
L
or, a =
|

\

g
L
|
|

y
Compar i ng i t wi t h st andard equat i on of
acceleration in S.H.M., we have,
=
g
L
T = 2
L
g
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Objective Questions
1. The period of a simple pendulum is doubled,
when
[CPMT; EAMCET]
(a) Its length is doubled
(b) The mass of the bob is doubled
(c) Its length is made four times
(d) The mass of the bob and the length of
the pendulum are doubled
2. The period of oscillation of a simple
pendulum of constant length at earth surface
is T. Its period inside a mine is
[CPMT]
(a) Greater than T
(b) Less than T
(c) Equal to T
(d) Cannot be compared
3. If a hole is bored along the diameter of the
earth and a stone is dropped into hole
[CPMT]
(a) The stone reaches the centre of the earth
side of the earth and stops there
(b) The stone executes simple harmonic
motion about the centre of the earth
(c) The stone executes simple harmonic
motion about the centre of the earth
(d) The stone reaches the other side of the
earth and escapes into space
4. The mass and diameter of a planet are twice
those of earth. The period of oscillation of
pendulum on this planet will be (If it is a
seconss pendulum on earth)
(a)
1
2
second (b) 2 2 second
(c) 2 second (d)
1
2
second
5. A particle moves such that its acceleration a
is given by a = bx, where x is the
displacement from equilibrium position and b
is a constant. The period of oscillation is
[NCERT; CPMT; MP PMT; MNR]
(a) 2 b (b)
2
b
(c)
2
b
(d) 2

b
6. A simple pendulum is set up in a trolley which
moves to the right with an acceleration a on
horizontal plane. Then the thread of the
pendulum in the mean position makes an
angle with the vertical
[CPMT]
(a)
tan
-1

a
g
in the forward direction
(b)
tan
-1

a
g
in the backward direction
(c)
tan
-1

g
a
in the backward direction
(d)
tan
-1

g
a
in the forward direction
7. A si mpl e pendul um performs si mpl e
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harmonic motion about X = O with an
amplitude A and time period T. The speed of
the pendulum at X =
A
2
will be
[MP PMT]
(a)
A3
T
(b)
A
T
(c)
A3
2T
(d)
3r
2
A
T
8. The kinetic energy and potential energy of a
particle executing simple harmonic motion
will be equal, when displacement (amplitude
= a ) is
[MP PMT; CPMT]
(a)
a
2
(b) a 2
(c)
a
2
(d)
a2
3
9. Two bodies M and N of equal masses are
suspended from two separate massless
springs of force constants K1 and K2
respectively. If the two bodies oscillate
vertically such that their maximum velocities
are equal, the ratio of the amplitude of M to
that of N is
[IIT; MP PET; MP PMT; BHU]
(a)
K
1
K
2
(b)
K
1
K
2
(c)
K
2
K
1
(d)
K
2
K
1
10. A mass m is suspensded by means of two
coiled spring which have the same length in
unstretched condition as in figure. Their force
constant are K1 and K2 respectively. When set
into vertical vibrations, the period will be
Fig. 18
(a) 2
|

\
m
K
1
K
2
|
|

(b) 2 m
|

\
K
1
K
2
|
|

(c) 2
|

\
m
K
1
K
2
|
|

(d) 2
|

\
m
K
1
+ K
2
|
|

11. A spring has a certain mass suspended from it

and its period for vertical oscillation is T. The
spring is now cut into two equal halves and
the same mass is suspended from one of the
halves. The period of vertical oscillation is
now
[MP PET]
(a)
T
2
(b)
T
2
(c) 2 T (d) 2T
12. Two identical spring of constant K are
connected in series and parallel as shown in
figure. A mass m is suspended from them. The
rat i o of their frequencies of verti cal
oscillations will be
[MP PET; BHU]
Fig.19
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(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 1
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 4 : 1
13. A simple pendulum consisting of a ball of
mass m tied to a spring of length l is made to
swing on a circular arc of angle in a vertical
plane. At the end of this arc, another ball of
mass m is placed at rest. The momentum
transferred to this ball at rest by the swinging
ball is
[NCERT]
(a) Zero (b) m
g
l
(c)
m
l

l
g
(d)
m
l
2
l
g
14. The phase of a particle executing simple
harmonic motion is

2
when it has
[MP PET]
(a) Maximum velocity
(b) Maximum acceleration
(c) Maximum energy
(d) Maximum displacement
15. A simple pendulum is suspended from the
roof of a lift. When the lift is moving upwards
with an acceleration a (a < g), then the time
period is given by T = 2
l
g
where g, is
equal to
(a) g (b) g a
(c) g + a (d) g
2
+ a
2
16. A simple pendulum is suspended from the
roof of a trolley which moves in a horizontal
direction with an acceleration a, then the time
period is given by T = 2
l
g
where g =
[BHU]
(a) g (b) g a
(c) g + a (d) g
2
+ a
2
17. A particle executes simple harmonic motion
with a frequencey f. The frequency with
which its kinetic energy oscillates is
[IIT; Manipal MEE; MP PET]
(a) f / 2 (b) f
(c) 2f (d) 4f
18. Two particles executes S.H.M. of same
amplitude and frequency along the same
strainght line. They pass one another when
going in opposite directions, each time their
displacement is half of their amplitude. The
phase difference between them is
[MP PMT]
(a) 30 (b) 60
(c) 90 (d) 120
19. The S.H.M. of a particle is given by the
equation y = 3 sin t + 4 cos t. The
amplitude is
[MP PET]
(a) 7 (b) 1
(c) 5 (d) 12
20. The displacement of a particle moving in
S.H.M. at any instant is given by y = a sin t.
The acceleration after tme t =
T
4
(where T is
the time period)
[MP PET]
(a) a (b) a
(c) a
2
(d) a
2
21. The periodic time of a simple pendulum of
length 1 m and amplitude 2 cm is 5 seconds.
If the amplitude is made 4 cm, its periodic
time in seconds will be
[MP PMT]
(a) 2.5 (b) 5
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(13)
(c) 10 (d) 5 2
22. The total energy of a particle executing
S.H.M. with amplitude a is proportional to
[CPMT]
(a) a
2
(b)
1
a
2
(c) a (d) a
23. The bob of a simple pendulum of mass m and
total energy E will have maximum linear
momentum equal to
[MP PMT]
(a)
2E
m
(b) 2mE
(c) 2mE (d) mE
2
24. If the displacement equation of a particle be
represented by y = A sin PT + B cos PT, the
particle executes
[MP PET]
(a) A uniform circular motion
(b) A uniform elliptical motion
(c) A S.H.M.
(d) A rectillinear motion.
25. A S.H.M. has amplitude a and time period
T. The maximum velocity will be
[MP PMT]
(a)
4a
T
(b)
2a
T
(c) 2
a
T
(d)
2a
T
26. A small body of mass 0. 10 kg is executing
S.H.M. of amplitude 1.0 m and period 0.20
sec. The maximum force acting on it is
(a) 98.596 N (b) 985.96 N
(c) 100.2 N (d) 76.23 N
27. The composition of two simple harmonic
motions of equal periods at right angle to each
other and with a phase difference of results
in the displacement of the particle along
[CBSE]
(a) Straight line(b) Circle
(c) Ellipse (d) Figure of eight
28. Two mutually perpendicular simple harmonic
vibrations have same amplitude, frequency
and phase. When they superimpose, the
resultant form of vibration will be
[MP PMT]
(a) A circle (b) An ellipse
(c) A straight line (d) A straight line
29. A body is executing S.H.M. When its
displacement from the mean position is 4 cm
and 5 cm, the corresponding velocity of the
body is 10 cm / sec and 8 cm / sec. Then the
time period of the body is
[CPMT; MP PET]
(a) 2 sec (b) / 2 sec
(c) sec (d) 3 / 2 sec
30. The length of a simple pendulum is increased
by 1% Its time period will
[MP PET]
(a) Increase by 1%
(b) Increase by 0.5%
(c) Decrease by 0.5%
(d) Increase by 2%
31. A particle of mass 200 gm executes S.H.M.
The restoring force is provided by a spring of
force constant 80 N/m. The time period of
oscillations is
[MP PET]
(a) 0.31 sec (b) 0.15 sec
(c) 0.05 sec (d) 0.02 sec
32. The length of a spring is l and its force
constant is k. When a weight W is suspended
from it, its length increases by x. If the spring
is cut into two equal parts and put in parallel
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(14)
and the same weight W is suspended from
them, then the extension will be
[MP PMT]
(a) 2x (b) x
(c)
x
2
(d)
x
4
33. A particle has simple harmonic motion. The
equation of its motion is x = 5 sin
|

\
4t

6
|
|

where x i s i t s di spl acement . I f t he

displacement of the particle is 3 units, then it
velocity is
[MP PMT]
(a)
2
3
(b)
5
6
(c) 20 (d) 16
34. When the potential energy of a particle
executing simple harmonic motion is
one-fourth of its maximum value during the
oscillation, the displacement of the particle
from the equilibrium position in terms of its
amplitude a is
[CBSE; EAMCET (Engg.);
MP PMT; MP PET]
(a) a / 4 (b) a / 3
(c) a / 2 (d) 2a / 3
35. A hollow sphere is filled with water through
a small hole in it. It is then hung by a long
thread and made to oscillate. As the water
slowly flows out of the hole at the bottom, the
period of oscillation will
[MP PMT; Karnataka CET; Rajasthan PET]
(a) Continuously decrease
(b) Continuously increase
(c) First decrease and then increase
(d) First increase and then decrease
36. A mass m = 100 gms is attached at the end of
a light spring which oscillates on a frictionless
horizontal table with an amplitude equal to
0.16 metre and time period equal to 2 sec.
Initially the mass is released from rest at t = 0
and displacement x = 0.16 metre. The
expression for the displacement of the mass at
any time (t) is
[MP PMT]
(a) x = 0.16 cos ( t)
(b) x = 0.16 cos ( t)
(c) x = 0.16 cos ( t+ )
(d) x = 0.16 cos ( t+ )
37. A body executing simple harmonic motion
has a maximum acceleration equal to 24
metres / sec
2
and maximum velocity equal to
16 metres / sec. The amplitude of the simple
harmonic motion is
[MP PMT]
(a)
32
3
metres (b)
3
32
metre
(c)
1024
9
(d)
64
9
metres
38. A pendulum bob has a speed of 3 m / s at its
lowest position. The pendulum is 0.5 m long.
The speed of the bob, when the length makes
an angle of 60 to the vertical, will be (If g =
10 m / s
2
)
[MP PET]
(a) 3 m / s (b)
1
3
m

s
(c)
1
2
m

s (d) 2 m / s
39. The force constant of two springs are K1 and
K2. Both are stretched till their elastic energies
are equal. If the stretching forces are F1 and
F2, then F1 : F2 is
(a) K
1
: K
2
(b) K
2
: K
1
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(15)
(c) K
1
: K
2
(d) K
1
2
: K
2
2
40. For a particle executing simple harmonic
motion, which of the following statements is
not correct
[MP PMT]
(a) The total energy of the particle always
remains the same
(b) The restoring force of always directed
towards a fixed point
(c) The restoring force is maximum at the
extreme positions
(d) The acceleration of the particle is
maximum at the equilibrium position
41. A particle of mass 10 grams is executing
simple harmonic motion with an ampitude of
0.5 m and periodic time of (p / 5) seconds. The
maximum value of the force acting on the
particle is
[MP PET]
(a) 25 N (b) 5 N
(c) 2.5 N (d) 0.5 N
42. A body is moving in a room with a velocity
of 20 m / s perpendicular to the two walls
separated by 5 meters. There is no friction and
the collisions with the walls are elastic. The
motion of the body is
[MP PMT]
(a) Not periodic
(b) Poriadic but not Simple harmonic
(c) Periodic and Simple harmonic
(d) Periodic with varible time period
43. A simple pendulum suspended in a vehicle
has a time period T when the vehicle travels
along fictionless road AB. What will be its
time period when the vehicle travels along the
frictionless path BC,
Fig.20
(a)
T
tan
(b)
T
cos
(c)
T
sin
(d)
T
sec
44. The displacement equation of a simbple
harmonic oscillator is given by
y = A sin t B cos t,
The amplitude of the oscillator will be
(a) A B (b) A + B
(c) A
2
+ B
2
(d) (A
2
+ B
2
)
45. A simple pendulum consisting of a ball of
mass m tied to a string of length l is made to
swing on a circular arc of angle in a vertical
plane. At the end of this arc, another ball of
mass m is placed at rest. The momentum
transfered to this ball at rest by the swinging
ball is
(a) Zero (b) m l I

g
(c)
m
lg
(d)
m
2

l
g
46. The velocity of a particle in simple harmonic
motion varies with time as
V (t) = (sin 6t cos6t) ms
-1
The maximum acceleration of the particle in
ms
-2
is
(a) 12 2 (b) 6 2
(c) 6 (d) 12
47. For a par ticle executing simple har monic
motion, the kinetic ener gy K is given by, K =
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(16)
Ko Cos
2
wt
The maximum value of potential energy is
[CBSE]
(a) Ko (b) Zero
(c) Ko/2 (d) Not obtainable.
48. A simple pendulum with length L and mass
M of the bob is vibrating with an amplitude a.
Then the maximum tension in the string is
(a) mg (b) mg

1 +
|

\
a
L
|
|

2
(
(

(c) mg

1 +
a
2L
(
(

2
(d) mg

1 +
|

\
a
L
|
|

(
(

2
49. Which of the following statements is / are
true?
[DPMT]
(a) A clock when taken on a mountain can
be made to give correct time if we
increase the length of the pendulum
suitably.
(b) An increase in value of g makes a clock
go slow.
(c) If the length of a pendulum is increased
clock becomes fast.
(d) A clock when taken to a deep mine or
carried to the top of a mountain becomes
slow.
50. A block is placed on a frictionless horizontal
table. The mass of the block is m and springs
are attached on either side with force
constants k1 and k2. If the block is displaced a
little and left to oscillate, then the angular
frequency of oscillation will be
(a)
|

\
k
1
+ k
2
m
|
|

1
2
(b)

k
1
k
2
m (k
1
+ k
2
)
(
(

1
2
(c)

k
1
k
2
(k
1
+ k
2
) m
(
(

1
2
(d)

k
1
2
+ k
2
2
(k
1
+ k
2
) m
(
(

1
2
51. Two masses m1 and m2 are suspended together
by a massless spring of constant k when the
masses are in equilibrium m1 removed
without disturbing the sytem, the amplitude
of vibration is
Fig.21
(a) m1g/k (b) m2g/k
(c)
(m
1
+ m
2
)g
k
(d)
(m
2
m
1
) g
k
52. A uniform spring has an unstretched length l
and a force constant k. The spring is cut into
two parts of unstretched lengths l1 and l2 such
that l1 = l2, where is an integer. The
corresponding force constants k1 and k2 are
(a) k and k ( + 1)
(b) k
( + 1)

and k ( 1)
(c) k
( 1)

and k ( + 1)
(d) k
( + 1)

and k ( + 1)
53. The angular velocity and the amplitude of
simple pendulum is and A respectively.
At a displacement x from the mean position if
its kinetic energy is T and potential energy is
V, then the ratio of T to V is
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(17)
(a)
x
2

2
(A
2
x
2

2
)
(b)
x
2
(A
2
x
2
)
(c)
A
2
x
2

2
(x
2
x
2

2
)
(d)
A
2
x
2
x
2
54. A pendulum bob carries a -ve charge -q. A
positive charge +q is held at the point of
Fig.22
support as shown in the figure. Then the time
period of the bob is
(a) greater than 2 L

g
(b) less than 2 L

g
(c) equal to 2 2L

g
(d) equal to 2L

g
55. A seconds pendulum is placed in a space
laboratory orbiting around the earth at a
height 3 R from the earths surface where R is
earths radius. The time period of the
pendulum will be
[CPMT]
(a) zero (b) 23sec
(c) 4 sec (d) infinite.
56. The period of oscillation of the mass m,
suspended by a massless spring, when slightly
displaced and let go, is T. The period will be
more than T if
(a) The above experiment is performed on
the moon
(b) the above experiment is performed in a
mine
(c) The mass m is increased
(d) The mass m is decreased.
57. A body of mass m is released from a height h
to a scale pan hung from a spring as shown in
the figure. The spring constant of the spring
is k, the mass of the scale pan is negligible and
the body does not bounce relative to the pan,
then the amplitude of the vibration is
Fig.23
(a)
mg
k
1
2hk
mg
(b)
mg
k
(c)
mg
k
1 +
2hk
mg
(d)
mg
k

mg
k
1
2hk
mg
58. A particle executes S.H.M. with period T and
amplitude 13 cm. Its equlibrium position
being O. Its velocity at a distances x cm from
O is 96 cm/s. Then T in secons and x in cm
may be
T x
(a)

4
5
(b)
2
4
8
(c)
3
4
10
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(18)
(d)
7
48
12
59. The time period of pendulum at temperature
t1 C is T1 secs. Its time period at t2 C is T2
secs. If coefficient of linear expansion of
material of pendulum is , then increase in
time period is
(a) (t2 t1) (b)
(t
2
t
1
)
3
(c)
(t
2
t
1
)
2
(d) None of the above
60. A U tube of uniform bore of cross sectional
area a has been set up vertically with open
ends facing up. Now m gm of a liquid of
density d is poured into it. The column of
liquid in this tube will oscillate with a period
T such that
(a) T = 2
m
g
(b) T = 2
ma
gd
(c) T = 2
m
gda
(d) T = 2
m
2adg
61. Four massless springs whose force constants
are 2k, 2k, k and 2k respectively are attached
to a mass M kept on a frictionless plane (as
shown in figure). If the mass M is displaced
in the horizontal direction, then the frequency
of the system is
Fig.24
(a)
1
2

k
4m
(b)
1
2

4k
M
(c)
1
2

k
7M
(d)
1
2

7k
M
62. A block rests on a horizontal table which is
executing an S.H.M. in the horizontal plane
with an amplitude a. If the coefficient of
friction is the block just starts to slip when
the frequency of oscillation is
(a)
g
a
(b)
a
g
(c) 2
g
a
(d)
1
2

g
a
63. The natural frequency of the system shown in
figure will increase when
Fig.25
(a) 100 N is increased to 150 N
(b) stiffness of spring is reduced
(c) weight is reduced to 50 N and stiffness
to 10 N / cm
(d) weight is reduced to 50 N and stiffness
is increased to 40 N / cm.
64. A simple pendulum of length l is set vibrating.
If the length l is comparable to the radius of
earth, then the time period is given by
(a) 2
l
g
(b) 2
lR
(l + R) g
(c) 2
(l + R) g
lR
(d) 2
l + R
lgR
65. The time period of a simple pendulum, if
length becomes infinite, is :
(a) T = 2 (R
e

g) (b) T = 2 (2R
e

g)
(c) T = 2 x (Re/2g) (d) T =
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(19)
66. The mass and diameter of a planet are twice
those of earth. The period of oscillation of
pendulum on this planet will be (if it is a
seconds pendulum on earth) :
(a) 1/ 2 second (b) 2 second
(c) 2 seconds (d) (1/2) second
67. For a particle executing S.H.M. having
amplitude a, the speed of the particle is
one-half of its maximum speed when its
displacement from the mean position is :
(a) a / 2 (b) a
(c) (3) a

2 (d) 2a
68. The time-period of a particle undergoing
S.H.M. is 16 sec. It starts its motion from the
mean position. After 2 sec, its velocity is 0.4
m/s. The amplitude is :
(a) 1.44 m (b) 0.72 m
(c) 2.88 m (d) 0.36 m
69. A mass m is suspended by means of two
coiled springs which have the same length in
unstretched condition. Their force constants
are k1 and k2 respectively. When set into
vertical vibrations, the period will be :
Fig.26
(a) 2 (m/k1k2) (b) 2 { m (k1 / k2) }
(c) 2 { m /(k1 k2) }(d) 2 { m /(k1 + k2) }
70. The length of the seconds pendulum on the
surface of earth is 1 m. The length of seconds
pendulum on the surface of moon, where g is
1/6th the value of g on the surface of earth, is:
(a) 1/6 m (b) 6 m
(c) 1/36 m (d) 36 m
71. If the period of oscillation of mass M
suspended from a spring is one second, then
the period of 4M will be :
(a) (1/2) sec (b) (1/4) sec
(c) 2 sec (d) 4 sec
72. The period of a spring oscillating simple
harmonically is :
(a) T = 2 (m/K) (b) T = 2 (K/m)
(c) T = 2 (m/2K) (d) T = 2 (2m/K)
73. The time period of a seconds pendulum is 2
sec. The spherical bob which is empty from
inside has a mass of 50g. This is now replaced
by another solid bob of same radii but having
a different mass of 100 g. The new timeperiod
will be :
(a) 4 sec (b) 1 sec
(c) 2 sec (d) 8 sec
74. The kinetic energy and potential energy of a
particle executing simple harmonic motion
will be equal when displacement (amplitude
= a) is:
(a) a / 2 (b) a 2
(c) a / 2 (d) a 2 / 3
75. The motion of a particle executing simple
harmonic motion is given by
x = 0.01 sin [100 (t + 0.005)] where x is in
metres and t in seconds. The time period in
seconds is : [CPMT]
(a) 0.01 (b) 0.02
(c) 0.1 (d) 0.2
76. A linear harmonic oscillator of force constant
2 x 10
6
N/m and amplitude 0.01 m has a total
mechanical energy of 160 joule. Its :
[IIT]
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(20)
(a) maximum P.E. is 100 J
(b) maximum K.E. is 100 J
(c) maximum P.E. is 160 J
(a) maximum P.E. is 0
77. A block of mass m rests on a piston executing
S.H.M. of period 1 sec. The amplitude of
oscillations, so that the mass is separted from
the piston, is :
(a) 0.25 m (b) 0.5 m
(c) 1 m (d)
78. The resultant of two rectangular simple
harmonic motions of the same frequency and
unequal amplitudes but differing in phase by
/2 is :
[MP PMT]
(a) simple harmonic (b) circular
(c) elliptical (d) parabolic
79. The angular frequency of a simple pendulum
is rad/sec. Now if the length is made
onefourth of the original length, the angular
frequency becomes :
(a) /2 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d)
80. (a) and (b) shows a mass m connected to two
identical springs as shown. The ratio of
frequency of vibration in case (a) and (b) is :
Fig.27
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 2 : 1
81. Two mutually perpendicular simple harmonic
vibrations have same amplitude, frequency
and phase. When they superimpose, the
resultant form of vibration will be :
[MP PMT]
(a) a circle (b) an ellipse
(c) a straight line (d) a parabola
82. A spring having spring constant K is loaded
with a mass m. The spring is cut into two
equal parts and one of these is loaded again
with the same mass. The new spring constant
is :
(a) K / 2 (b) K
(c) 2K (d) K
2
83. If the length of a simple pendulum is
increased by 1%, then the new time-period:
(a) increase by 0.5%
(b) increase by 1%
(c) increases by 2.0%
(d) decreases by 0.5%
84. A spring of constant k is stretched to twice the
original length, then the new spring constant
is:
(a) K (b) K/2
(c) 2K (d) 4K
85. The fig. gives the displacement vs time graph
of S.H.M waves in a medium. The particle
having maximum speed directed downwards
is at :
Fig.28
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(21)
(a) H (b) B
(c) D (d) F
86. The springs shown are identical. When A = 4
kg, the elongation of srping is 1 cm. If B = 6
kg, the elongation produced by it is :
Fig.29
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm
(c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm
87. Two bodies M and N of equal mass are
suspended from two separate massless
springs of spring constants k1 and k2
respectively. If the two bodies oscillate
vert i cal l y such t hat t hei r maxi mum
accelerations are equal, the ratio of the
amplitude of vibrations of M to that of N is :
(a) k1 / k2 (b) (k1 / k2)
(c) k2 / k1 (d) (k2 / k1)
88. The amplitude of a damped oscillator
becomes hlf in one minute. The amplitude
after 3 minutes will be 1 / x times the original,
where X is :
[CPMT]
(a) 2 x 3 (b) 2
3
(c) 3
2
(d) 3 x 2
2
89. A body performs S.H.M. Its kinetic energy,
K, varies with time t, as indicated in graph:
Fig.30
90. A particle executes S.H.M. then the graph of
acceleration as a function of displacement is
:
(a) a strainght line (b) a circle
(c) an ellipse (d) a hyperbola
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(22)
Answer Sheet
1. c
2. a
3. c
4. b
5. b
6. b
7. a
8. c
9. d
10. d
11. c
12. c
13. a
14. b,d
15. c
16. d
17. c
18. d
19. c
20. d
21. b
22. a
23. b
24. c
25. d
26. a
27. a
28. c
29. c
30. b
31. a
32. d
33. d
34. c
35. d
36. b
37. a
38. d
39. a
40. d
41. d
42. b
43. b
44. c
45. a
46. b
47. a
48. b
49. d
50. a
51. a
52. d
53. d
54. c
55. d
56. c
57. c
58. a
59. c
60. d
61. b
62. d
63. d
64. b
65. a
66. b
67. c
68. a
69. d
70. a
71. c
72. a
73. c
74. c
75. b
76. b,c
77. a
78. c
79. b
80. b
81. c
82. c
83. a
84. b
85. c
86. c
87. c
88. b
89. a
90. a
Q.N. Ans Q.N. Ans Q.N. Ans Q.N. Ans Q.N. Ans Q.N. Ans.
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(23)
Hints and Solutions
1. (c)
T = 2
l
g
2. (a) In the mine g decreases, so g = g
|

\
1
h
R
|
|

where h = depth, R = radius of

earth
T = 2
l
g
4. (b)
Since g =
GM
R
Hence
g
e
g
p
=
M
e
R
e
2

R
p
2
M
p
=
M
R
2

4R
2
2M
= 2
Time period on the planet T
p
= 2
l
g
p
=2
l
g
e
2 = 22 sec
|
\
as 2
l
g
e
= 2
|

5.(b) In the present case,

displacement
acceleration
=
1
b
Time period
T = 2
displacement
acceleration
=
2
b
6. (b) From the figure it is clear that
Fig.31
T = ma sin + mg cos and ma cos =
mg sin or
tan =
a
g
= tan
1

a
g
(In the backward direction because of
action and reaction)
7. (a) Velocity of a particle executing SHM is
given by
= a
2
x
2
=
2
T
A
2

A
2
4

=
2
T

3A
2
4
=
A3
T
8. (c) The K.E. of a particle executing SHM is
E =
1
2
m (a
2
y
2
)
2
while its P.E. is U =
1
2
m
2
y
2
, hence
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(24)
1
2
m (a
2
y
2
)
2
=
1
2
m
2
y
2
or a
2
= 2y
2
or y =
a
2

9. (d)
Maximum velocity = a = a
K
M
Given that
a1
K
1
M
= a
2

K
2
M

a
1
a
2
=
K
2
K
1
10. (d) Given spring system has parallel
combination.
11. (b)
T = 2
m
K
When the spring is half in length, then
K = 2 K
T = 2
m
2K

T
T
=
1
2
T =
T
2
12. (c)
f
1
=
1
2

K
2M
, f
2
=
1
2

2K
M

f
1
f
2
=
1
4
=
1
2
13.(a)
Velocity of ball at one of the ends is
zero. Total initial momentum = 0 and
fi nal vel oci t y of bal l of si mpl e
pendulum = 0.
14. (b,d) At phase = 0, v = maximum
At phase =

2
maximum acceleration
and maximum displacement.
15.(c) g = (g + a)
16. (d) In this case, the equilibrium position of
the bob is at = tan
-1
(a/g).
T = ma sin ( + + + + ) + mg cos ( + + + + )
Fig.32
and F = m [g sin ( + + + + ) a cos ( + + + +
)]
= m [ sin cos + cos sin ) ) ) ) a cos
cos + a sin sin ]
m [ g sin a cos ) + g ( cos +
a sin ) sin ]
But g sin = a cos
F = m [ g cos + a sin ] sin

g . g
g
2
+ a
2
+
a . a
g
2
+ a
2
(
(

(sin )
= m g
2
+ a
2

x
l
T = 2
l
g
2
+ a
2
g = g
2
+ a
2
17. (c) As in each complete oscillation, K.E. of
oscillations vary from
0 maximum 0 two times.
18. (d) Let two simple harmonic motions be y
= A sin t and y = A sin ( t + ).
In the first case,
A
2
= A sin t
or sin t =
1
2

In the second case.
A
2
= A [ sin t cos + cos t sin ]
or
1
2
=

1
2
cos + 1 sin
2
t . sin
(
(

AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7

(25)
or
1
2
=

1
2
cos +
3
2
sin
(
(

or (1 cos ) = 3 sin
or (1 cos )
2
= 3 sin
2

= 3 (1 cos
2
)
On solving, we get cos = + 1
or
1
2
When cos = + 1, = 0
(not acceptable)
Therefore cos =
1
2
or = 120
19. (c)
A = 3
2
+ 4
2
= 5
20. (d)
a
2
21. (b) As periodic time is independent of
amplitude.
22. (a)
E =
1
2
KA
2
K A
2
23. (b) P = maximum linear momentum
= m max ... (1)
E =
1
2
m
2

max
2
Squaring (1), P
2
=
max
2
= m x m
max
2
= 2Em
P = 2mE
24. (c) y = A sin PT + B cos PT
Let A = r cos t, B = r sin at
y = r sin (PT + t) which is equation
of SHM.
25. (d)

max
= a =
a . 2
T
=
2a
T
26. (a) Max. acceleration
= a
2
=
a 4
2
T
2
=
1 4 (3.14)
2
0.2 0.2
F
max
= m a =
0.1 4 (3.14)
2
0.2 0.2
= 98.596 N
29. (b)
= a
2
y
2
10 = a
2
16, 8 = a
2
25
=
2
T
= 2 T = sec
30. (b)
T l ;
T
T
=
1.01 l
l
T = 1.005T
31. (a)
T = 2
0.2
80
= 0.31 sec
32. (d) In parallel Keq = 2K + 2K = 4K
4K x = K x x =
x
4
33. (d)
= a
2
y
2
(Given y = 3 units )
= 4 25 3
2
= 16
34. (c)
P.E. =
1
2
Kx
2
= P.E.
max
=
1
2
Ka
2
i.e.
1
4
.
1
2
Ka
2
=
1
2
Kx
2
x =
a
2
35. (d)
T = 2
l
g
Here l first increases and then decreases.
37. (a)
Maximum velocity = a
Maximum acceleration =
2
a
16 = a and 24 =
2
a
a =
16 16
24
=
32
3
m
38. (d) Kinetic energy at the lowest position =
1
2
m 9 J Let bob velocity be v at point
B where it makes an angle of 60 with
the vertical, then
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
(26)
Fig.33
1
2
m 9 =
1
2
m
2
+ mgl (l cos )
9 =
2
+ 2 10 0.5
1
2

= 2 m

s
41. (d)
Maximum force = (a 2) m
= a
|

\
4
2
T
2
|
|

m
43. (b)
Fig.34
T = 2
l
g
= 2
l
g cos
=
T
cos
44. (c)
y = a sin t b Cos t
= A sin t Cos A sin cos t
= A sin ( t )
Where
a = A cos
b = A sin
a
2
+ b
2
= A
2
amplitude, A = a
2
+ b
2
45. (a) The velocity of bob at extreme position
is zero.
46. (b) v(t) = (Sin 6t Cos 6t) ms
-1
= 2 (
1
2
Sin 6t
1
2
cos6t)
= 2 (Sin 6t Cos

4
Cos 6t Sin

4
)
V
(t)
= 2 sin
|

\
6t

4
|
|

dV(t)
dt
= 2 cos
|

\
6t

4

|
|

6
|

\
dVt
dt
|
|
max
= 6 2 ms
1
51. (a) With mass m2 alone, the extension of the
spring 1 is gives as
m2 g = kl...... (1)
With (m1 + m2 ) , the extension is (l)
given by (m1 + m2) g = k (l + l) ....(2) ) ....(2) ) ....(2) ) ....(2)
The increase in extension is l which is
the amplitude of vibration.
Therefore, subtracting (1) from (2), we
have m1g = k l
or amplitude l =
m
1
g
k
52. (d) If mass m is hung from the lower end of
an unstretched length l of the spring held
vertically, then by Hookes law,
F (restoring force) = kxo, xo =
extension.
The other force acting on the mass im
mg (Downwards)
54.(c) There is no change in the restoring force
as the electrostatic forces are central
forces, negative and positive charges at
the two extremities of the string affect
tension T which does not affect the
AISECT TUTORIALS : PHYSICS : SET-7
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restoring force.
57.(c) Decrease in Potential energy of the mass
when the pan gets lowered by distance
y on mass m hitting on it and sticking on
it.
Therefore, mg (h + y), then y is the
amplitude to be determined.
Increase in elastic potential energy is
1
2
k y
2
mgh + mgy =
1
2
ky
2
ky
2
2 mgy 2mgh = 0
y =
2 mg 4 m
2
g
2
+ 8mghk
2K
=
2 mg
2 k

2 mg
2 k
1 +
2hk
mg
Amplitude of vibration y
(Rejecting negative sign)
=
mg
k

(1 +
2hk
mg
)
(

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(28)