-fl.
^H^(oS
'^]ilOl'h
BS2860.P5 A3 1892
Gospel according to Peter, and the Revel
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EonDon: c. J. CLAY AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE.
amfitiae:
ILtipjis:
CO.
&tia Borfe:
MACMILLAN AND
CO.
THE GOSPEL
ACCORDING TO PETER, AND THE REVELATION OF PETER
TWO LECTURES
ON THE NEWLY RECOVERED FRAGMENTS TOGETHER WITH THE GREEK TEXTS
BY
J.
ARMITAGE ROBINSON
AND
B.D.
M.A.
^T:s^!' "-';LV.*ff
^^
fUNlVt,RS!rv
\ UBRARY
A.
M-H^S
6.
5~
Cambrtttge
PRINTED BY
C.
J.
CLAY, M.A.
AND
SONS,
TO
D.D.
PREFACE.
"
I
-*-
"HE
Lecture on the
'
was given
on the
first
new
discovery.
It
has since
been
corrected
notes,
and
enlarged
by the addition of
some
may yet throw further upon the interpretation of the fragment. The Lecture on the 'Revelation of Peter' was
and was at the time already in the press. These editions must be regarded as
tentative.
Our
in
We
after they
may
be expanded
in the series
and
Studies.
We
to
M.
way
in
which
documents
see p. 147 of
8
vol. ix. fasc.
I.
PREFACE.
of the
Postscript.
for the press
This
little
book was
finally corrected
whose latest message to us was permission to dedicate it to him, had gone to his rest. It was not without expressions of misgiving that we had asked to prefix to this hurried work a name which must always be connected with the minutest accuracy and the most cautious utterances. It is quite unworthy to be, dedicated to his memory. But we feel that we cannot draw back
that he, or alter now.
'
when we heard
To
his voice
we had looked
tell us,
as
no
we were
right or wrong.
Now we
must learn it in a harder school. But it will remain a sacred duty to carry out these investigations with
the patience and deliberateness which his example
enjoins
and
his
necessary.
A. R.
J.
M. R.
Cambridge,
Dec.
I,
1892.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
ii
37
83
89
J.
ARMITAGE ROBINSON
B.D.
"ExepoN eyArreAiON, d
o^'k
gctin
Aao.
an age of surprises
last
of surprising recoveries,
Not
to
go further
all
enriched beyond
expectation.
us the 'Teaching of the Apostles;' and in 1891 Harris gave us the 'Apology of Aristides.'
Mr Rendel
the
We knew
fame of both of them with our ears, and when at last we saw them we found that all the time they had both been
lurking
among
us in disguise.
During the past week fragments of three early documents have come to the light: fragments of the Book of
Enoch, of the Gospel of Peter and of the Apocalypse of
The Book of Enoch is prae-Christian it is quoted Jude we knew it in an Ethiopic Version', but we doubted whether we could trust the Version now we have The Apocalypse the first 30 chapters in the Greek itself. of Peter may go back almost to the end of the first
Peter.
S.
;
by
Mr M.
some of us what
^
it
There
is
also
and a
critical edition
an Old-Sclavonic Version of the Book of Enoch based on the Versions is now in preparation at
Oxford.
14
now we have
was
right.
and we know
that
he
interest
who
its
mentioned
its
Serapion on
It
use in church.
letter
we must
read.
runs as
follows (Eus.
H. E.
12):
names we
I
in
our experience
reject,
things as these
we never
all
received.
When
supposed you
and
quarrel^
is
all
that
read.
me
some hole of
you again
then,
:
heresy, I will
coming
to
so,
brethren, expect
me
speedily.
what kind of heresy was Marcion then follows a sentence where the text is faulty I read 'Marcion' with the Armenian Version', against
brethren,
Knowing
of
'
' I take the title from Origen, Comm. in Matth. x. 17, 'As to the brethren of Jesus, some say on the authority of the Gospel according
to Peter (as
it
is
entitled) or of the
Book
Tapix^w fUKpo^vxiaii, ^ The Armenian Version, made from a Syriac Version which at this point is no longer extant, runs literally as follows, 'Now, brethren, that (or, 'for') ye see and understand of what heresy was Marcion,
'
that
(or 'for')
an unknown person, of the Greek text From others,' he goes on, who used this very Gospel, I mean from the successors of those who started it, whom we call Docetae ; for most of its ideas are of their school
Marcianus,'
'
'
from them,
it
I say, I
and
to find that
borrowed it and was able to go through most of it belonged to the right teaching
of the Saviour, but some things were additions.' Thus much, says Eusebius, for Serapion. Serapion was Bishop of Antioch igo 203, and his letter was addressed to the Church of Rhossos, on the coast just below Antioch. Now if our Gospel be the one referred to by Serapion and we shall see that it bears out his description we take it back at once to the 2nd century; and we must allow some years at least for it to gain autho-
rity,
so that
it
Hippolytus,
who
had a
seem.'
Sokos,
or
beam
more
'to
charitable
philology derives
name from
Sokciv,
They held
sufferings.
seeming
ample opportunity of seeing whether it harmonizes with what we can learn of these early Docetae. It is now time to come to the document itself. It was dug up six years ago in an ancient cemetery at Akhmtm (Panopolis) in Upper Egypt, and it now rests, I believe, in The French Archseological the Gizeh Museum at Cairo. Mission at Cairo have the honour of its discovery, of its identification, and of its somewhat tardy publication.
did not comprehend, this same thing ye learn from those
are written to you,' &c.
^
tilings
which
Hipp. Ref.
viii.
ad
init.
page of the
little
contains
portions
of the
writing.
from.
far,
Thus we
we cannot
say
how
who
is
Herod nor any one of His judges. And when they wished And then Herod the king to wash them Pilate rose up. commandeth that the Lord be taken', saying to them. What things soever I commanded you to do unto Him, do."
We
Matthew's Gospel.
it.
;
Pilate
is
exone-
the Jews
Herod's share in the Trial is mentioned only Here the responsibility is shifted from Pilate's shoulders on to his. Our writer hates the Jews: his whole account is a commentary on the brief sentence of Aristides' Apology, He was pierced by the Jews.' 2. "And there was come there Joseph, the friend of and, knowing that they were about Pilate and of the Lord to crucify ' Him, he came to Pilate and asked the body of And Pilate sent to Herod and asked the Lord for burial. His body. And Herod said, Brother Pilate, even if no one had asked Him, we should have buried Him since indeed
their hands.
S.
by
Luke.
'
it is
irap[aXi;/i]0ff^;'Oi
is
xxiv. 27.
^
''I
know no
'
They
say,
These bodies
shall not
remain on the
1/
Here
is
Joseph
is
made
this
to
plained
come to Pilate before the Crucifixion. This is exwhen we observe the anxiety displayed throughout
document
place.
lest the sun should set before the burial took According to our writer Herod has assumed re-
sponsibility,
This would
mean
further delay,
if
till
We
Joseph
leave.
is
his 'friend';
Pilate can
"The
pression in
Luke
'
xxiii.
54,
'
dawned
'
when
Friday's sun
was
is
setting.
S. Paul's
command in Eph. iv. 26. This may illustrate command the substance of it is in Deut.
:
23
3.
(cf.
Josh.
x. 27),
but
it
there applies to
all
days
alike.
"
And
said,
Him
as they
ran,
and
And
they clothed
Him
with
and
set
Him
on the
seat of judgement,
saying,
Judge righteously, O king of Israel. And one of them brought a crown of thorns and put it on the head of the
And others stood and spat in His eyes, and others smote His cheeks: others pricked Him with a reed; and
Lord.
saying,
With
this
honour
let
us honour
Mr
i.
for
eypcoMeN, from
Justin
Ap.
35, dmiripovTes.
Si}/)ore Tois
SIkmov,
{Tryph. 137).
2
R.
J.
Martyr {Apol.
dragged
35):
set
'For,
they
said,
Him
and
Judge
to
for us'.'
Him
and
quoted by
'
draw nigh
to God.'
the
Hebrew
is
still
text) has,
me
just judgement,'
But whence came to Justin or to our author the conception that the Lord was set upon the judgement seat ? Whence, but from the Gospel When Pilate therefore heard of S. John ? There we read these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat upon the judgement seat^' But Archbishop Whately used to translate
which
closer to our Gospel.
:
'
the words,
'
and
set
Him
:
on the judgement
Greek.
seat
'
a perseems
So
it
and so too the writer of our Justin Martyr read them Gospel, or the source from which he borrowed.
And they brought two malefactors, and they cruciLord between them. But He held His peace, asAnd when they had raised the cross they f^?'''liaving no pain. wrote upon it, This is the king of Israel. And having set His garments before Him they parted them among them,
4.
"
,fied
the
and
And one
of those malefactors
for
We
the
commanded
Aiatrii/joj'Tes
airhv inaSiaav
iirl
eiTrov
Kptyor
ij/uv.
jS^/taros.
Salmon, Introd.
rare one:
to
N.
T.
ed. 4. p. 74 n.
'
Aaxjiiic i^oKov.
the earliest
iji.
connection, Tiyph.
He
'
is
our
first
sign
to
f
that this
Observe
that,
;
make room for this, the words Father, forgive them for they know not what they do must be omitted. Our writer
'
is
no
words
in
But it is worthy of notice that the question, which are found only in S. Luke xxiii.
may
this
by some very important MSS. ', and not have been present in our author's copy of S. Luke.
Note here, too, one of the many strange perversions in Gospel in S. Luke one malefactor chides the other
:
is
Again, 'the
:
is
strangely
perverted
but
it
is
another echo of
S.
John.
"And it was noon, and darkness covered all Judsea: 5. and they were troubled and distressed, lest the sun had gone down, since He yet lived [for] it was written for
:
is
put to death.
And one of them said, Give Him And they mixed and gave Him
things,
'
and
fulfilled all
and accomplished
'
own head."^
(xix. 28):
takes us again to
John
Jesus,
knowing
were already
finished, that
'fulfilled'),
on hyssop a sponge full of vinegar' (again a respectable group of MSS. adds 'with gall '). This last addition is clearly based on Ps. Ixix. 21, 'They gave me gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.' S. Matthew also mentions wine mingled
'
at
Cambridge, and an
20
with gall
(xxvii. 34)
but that
is
his version,
Mark
more precisely as 'myrrhed wine,' offered to It seems as though lull the pain and refused by the Lord. the draught here given was intended to hasten death. If there is one word in the Canonical narratives of the Passion which is calculated to set our minds at rest on the
preserves to us
felt
the pain of
'I thirst.'
During
would seem that a great spiritual struggle was taking place, and this is marked by the quotaAt its tion of the first verse of the twenty-second Psalm. close the tortured body for a moment claims and receives
;
attention
lips
thirst is
of the Sufferer.
The
fresh illustration
from the
come
it
in S. John's narrative.
night,
and
fell
down".
And
My
He
power.
My
it
And when
had said
He
And
in
vail of the
In a document purporting to be an account of the Crucifixion by Pilate to the Emperor Tiberius, Pilate is made to say that not even the Emperor could be ignorant that in all the world they lighted lamps from the sixth hour until evening': Anaphora Pilati, B. c. 7 For iiriaiuiTO, at the end of the (Tisch. Ew. Apocr. ed. i p. 446 f.). sentence, I have written hna&v re: cf. Isa. lix. 10 naX ireffovvTai. ir It also seems an echo of Jn. xviii. 3, 6 Hannx^piq. us iv ixeaovvKrlif.
^
sent
'
ipXeTU liera <j>avuv Kal '\ainrdS(x)v...Kal iireaav x^M"'* For airos upas we must read aiSr^s upas, or perhaps o^ijs rijs uipas airrii is the equivalent in later Greek literature of iKelvri (as in the iKelr{i Mt. Mc). modern tongue); cf. Lc. a. 7, 21, and xii. 12
:
(||
21
came
Human
Christ
upon the
contemporary of Serapion, denounces the doctrine that one Christ suffered and rose again, and another flew up and remained free from suffering'.'
'The power' then, so often emphasised in S. Luke's Gospel in connection with the person of our Lord', is here, by a strange perversion of our Lord's quotation from Ps.
xxii.
I,
described as forsaking
/i
is
Him the Divine Christ is Human Christ remains upon the Cross. rendered as 'My power. My power ^' We are
:
Serapion
tells us,
of the Docefae*.
''
Iren. ill.
cf.
12. 2,
i.
specially in
mind,
in. 11.
i.
Compare too
doctrine in
7.
-z.
i. 35 'the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee,' iv. 14 in the power of the Spirit,' v. 17 'the power of the Lord was present that He should heal,' vi. 19 'power came Mc. v. 30) and forth from Him and healed them all ; also viii. 46 note besides Lc. xxiv. 49; Acts i. 8, viii. 10. ' Eusebius, in an interesting note upon the Psalm {>em. v, *. 8,
Compare
especially Lc.
'
'
(||
who
strove to give a
'
more
literal transla-
LXX,
/^""t
My
strong one,
My
strong
'
one
text
'
(urx^pi
ti^X^P^ M-ov),
My
strength,
My
The rendering
in our
New
Testament.
H fjK Sii/a/us.
For the use of the text in question among the Valentinians, cf. I. 8. 2. We must distinguish these early Oocetae from the later heretics, who denied the reality of Christ's body: see Dr Salmon's articles Docetae and Docetism in Did. Christ. Biogr.
Iren.
22
6.
Him upon
:
the sun shone, and it was found the ninth hour and the Jews rejoiced, and gave His body to Joseph that he might bury it, since he had seen what good things He had done. And he took the Lord, and washed Him, and rolled Him in a linen cloth, and brought Him into his own tomb, which was called the
Then
S.
John.
He
alone
The Jews
:
rejoiced,
again, be-
was only the ninth hour, and not sunset so that the law might still be complied with. "Then the Jews and the elders and the priests, 7. seeing what evil they had done to themselves, began to lament and to say, Woe for our sins for the judgement
cause they found that
:
and the end of Jerusalem hath drawn nigh. And I with my companions was grieved and being wounded in mind we hid ourselves for we were being sought for by them as malefactors, and as wishing to set fire to the temple. And upon all these things we fasted and sat mourning and weeping night and day until the sabbath.''
;
:
The
cry of
Woe
is
'
one
MS.
reads
'
And
there began to
fixed in the
be earthquakes
is
in the
hour in
which the
evening."
S.
nails
were
hands and
23
'Woe was
...the
it,
Woe was
it
unto us
this
was the
judgements of the desolation of Jerusalem have come.' The Old Syriac Version adds to Lc. xxiii. 48, 'Woe to us what hath befallen us ? Woe to us
:
Son of God;
from our
has
: '
sins.'
And one
:
Latin
Codex
(S.
Germanensis,
this
g,)
Woe
to us
day
for
our
Pilate,
His disciples
steal
Him
He
risen
And
Pilate gave
them Petronius the centurion with soldiers to watch the tomb. And the elders and scribes came with them to the sepulchre, and having rolled a great stone together with' the centurion and the soldiers they all together who were there set it at the door of the sepulchre; and they put upon it seven seals, and they pitched a tent there and kept
watch."
Longinus
the
is
the
name
It
'Acts of
Pilate.'
identify the
two centurions
but
we
shall
see presently
Eph. Diat.
desolation
'
p.
is
f., cf.
for
'
Vae
appro-
The
text
is
here corrupt
for
it
says that
I
'
KevTvplianos).'
have ventured
24
at
the
Sepulchre '9.
"And
early
in
drawing on^ there came a multitude from Jerusalem and the region round about, that they might see the sepulchre
was sealed. And in the night in which the Lord's day was drawing on, as the soldiers kept watch two by two on guard, there was a great voice in the heaven and they saw
that
;
men
and approaching the tomb. And that stone at the door rolled away of itself and deone side and the tomb was opened and both
;
soldiers
saw
it,
they awakened
the centurion and the elders, for they too were hard by
keeping watch ; and, as they declared what things they had coming forth from the tomb three
them.
men, and the two supporting the one, and a cross following And of the two the head reached unto the heaven,
but the head of
Him
that
heavens.
And
Hast thou preached to them that sleep'? was heard from the cross. Yea."
^
And an answer
Petronius
is
Hermione
and
(Sept. 4).
"
as in 2
itrujiiiaKOVTo^
toB crappdrov,
i]
KvpiaK^
Mt.
'
When
where the
text
is
frequently
corrupt,
first
comes
to light,
it is
the
common
but I must mention that I owe to Mr F. C. Burkitt the suggestion To him that the Voice from heaven should be taken as a question.
and
to other friends I
am
25
Christian
had a greater fascination for the early mind than the Descent of Christ into Hades and Harrowing of Hell.' The only unmistakeable referit
ence to
in the
iii.
New
Epistle (i Pet.
spirits in prison,'
dead.'
But
S.
it is
and 'The gospel was preached to the also possible that the ancient hymn, from
v.
which
14,
'Wherefore
it
saith.
Awake, thou
that sleepest,
And And
arise
upon
thee,'
S.
Matthew says
that at the
moment
had
of Christ's Death,
'
many
But we must
also
com-
pare a passage which Justin Martyr says the Jews cut out
LXX.
the
Holy One of
remembered His
dead that had fallen asleep aforetime in the earth of burial, and descended to them to proclaim to them the good news of His salvation'.' Irenaeus also quotes this passage several times but we have no reason to believe that it ever formed part of the Old Testament Scriptures. But yet it is important, if only to shew how much these thoughts were in the air in early times a fact to which further witness is borne by the Gospel of Nicodemus", an apocryphal work
: :
TpoKeKoi/iij/iivuv.
See Bp. Lightfoot's note on Ign. Magn. ix. I read with Irenaeus This is supported also by Hermas, who says of
ix.
the
Apostles {Sim.
16,
5)
Koi.ix-i]6ivTes...iK^pv^a,v
Kcd rots
irpoKe-
11.
is
26
full description of the Descent into Hell, and by the Anaphora of Pilate, to which reference has been already made. A few sentences of this last book are worth
containing a
quoting here, as their thoughts are closely akin to those of our document. And on the first day of the week, about
'
the third hour of the night, the sun was seen as never
it
had shone
stature, in
before,
and
all
And
men
of lofty
adornment of apparel and of glory indescribable, appeared in the air, and a multitude of angels crying aloud and saying, Glory in the highest to God, and upon earth peace, among men good will come up out of Hades, ye that have been enslaved in the under-world of Hades '.' In a heretical book called 'the Wanderings of the Apostles,' which Dr Zahn says 'must have been written
:
left in
is
Lord placed His Cross in the midst the sign of victory and shall remain
This book has clearly some
Anaph. PH., B. 8
(Tisch. p. 447).
note that Pilate makes Herod and the Jews Death of Christ and, whereas here the disciples were supposed to wish to set fire to the Temple, there all the Synagogues in Jerusalem save one are swallowed up in the earthquake. A small
already cited,
responsible for the
;
we may
coincidence of language
cf.
is
supra
6.
We
may
found in A. 10 (Tisch. 441) ^v dtaakjisvot, even wonder whether the earlier part of the
details
from the
still
missing part of
said to
who
is
same have
been in an advanced state of corruption, and yet to have come forth from the tomb like a bridegroom from his chamber. " Zahn Ada yohannis p. cxliv. On p. 216 he gives the passage of Photius, Cod. 114, on these Leucian Acts, which I have cited here. Hermas Sim. ix. 6, i introduces the Lord as 'a Man of lofty
stature,
so as
to
is
and
in
S.
Perpetua's Vision
(Passio X.)
He
Man
of marvellous greatness, so
2/
we
sometimes as a young man, then as an old man, ; and sometimes small, and sometimes
Further coincidences tend to shew that this book
heaven.'
too stands in
II.
some near relation to our Gospel. "They therefore considered one with another
Pilate.
And
man
When
him
by night to Pilate, leaving the saw tomb which they were watching, and declared all things which they had seen, being distressed and saying, Truly He was the Son of God. Pilate answered and said, I am pure
these things, they hastened
God
but ye determined
this.
Then
him
they
to
drew near and besought him and entreated command the centurion and the soldiers to say
all
:
For
it is
better,
and not
to fall
owe the greatest debt of sin before God, into the hand of the people of the Jews and
Pilate therefore
to be stoned.
commanded
the
centurion
and the
The
Evangelists,
is
and measured terms of our nowhere more marked than in the keen satire
With
reference to the
two
men who
cross,
it is
early art, in
which
'
Did.
p. 497.
of B.V.
Mary
in Transitu!
Marias
8 (Tisch. p. 130).
28
of this passage.
once more
is
from blame'.
12.
Mary Magdalen,
women
are beloved
to the sepulchre
And
Even if on that day on which He was crucified we could not weep and lament, yet now let us do these things at His sepulchre. But who shall roll away for us the stone that is laid at the door of the sepulchre, that we may enter in and sit by Him and do the things that are due? For the stone was great, and we fear lest some one see us. And even if we cannot, yet let us set at the door the things which we bring for a memorial of Him; let us weep and lament, until we come unto our home. "And they went away and found the tomb opened, 13. and coming near they looked in there and they see there a certain young man sitting in the midst of the tomb, beautiful and clothed in a very bright robe who said to them, Why are ye come? whom seek ye? Is it that crucified One? He is risen and gone away. But if ye believe not, look in and see the place where He lay, that He is not [here]^; for
they said,
;
;
The white-washing
Pilate's
of the unhappy
Roman
still.
answer to
In the Paradosis Pilati (Tisch. p. 455) prayer for forgiveness before his execution by
'AH generations
shall
under thee
all
and
(gj):
an angel of the Lord receives his head. In Lc. xxiv. 6 we have 'non est, surrexit' in Cod. Sangerm. and perhaps we ought not to add here in this place.
'^
'
'
29
He
Then
and gone away thither, whence He was sent'. feared and fled." This passage, which opens with clear traces of S. John,
is
risen
the
women
(compare especially
bury'),
is
xix.
it:
and there
is
no
trace
"Now it was the last day of the unleavened bread, 13. and many went forth returning to their homes, as the But we, the twelve^ disciples of the Lord, feast was ended. mourned and were grieved and each one grieving for that which was come to pass departed to his home. But I Simon Peter and Andrew my brother took our nets and went away to the sea; and there was with us Levi the son of
:
Alphaeus,
'
whom
this
the Lord...."
the 20th
With
to
we must compare
that sent
Homily of Aphrahat
(ed.
He
is
risen
is
and gone
reason to
away
thus
Him
Him'
(cf.
Jn. xvi.
5).
There
Harmony: and
we seem
to
important work.
Whatever be the
Jn. XX.
17,
it
is
'I
am
In our Book
however the Ascension of both Christs has taken place already. 2 Cf. in Mc. xvi. 3 ff. tIs diroKvXtffei iifuv .rjv yap ii.iyas...veavl<TKOv KaBTi/J^vov .Tepipe^XilljApoii ffTo\-qv: and compare the last words itfivyov
. .
.
...iipo^ovvro
ydp with
is
S.
Mark
there
this document <po^8ei(rai (<l>vyov. Here as in no record of an appearance of the Lord to the
women. 3 'The
twelve disciples'
:
is
perhaps a mere
slip
of the author or
of a copyist
but
it
is
The reading
confirmed by the
disciples.'
Apocalypse
( 2)
30
some
in
new
this
discovery
tells
us what
we long
to
know
whether
Meanwhile
we may be
is
clear
grateful that it adds a final proof of what indeed enough already to a reader of the original Greek,
namely our writer's use of the Fourth Gospel. It is probable enough that if we knew what followed we should find that he 'had honoured it with the honour' which he has given to it already with the same impartiality as to the other three Perversion is a form of the honour of misrepresentation.
witness to the thing perverted.
Now
think of
that
it ?
are
we
to
The document
And, first, I would call attention to the fact that all our most recent recoveries are not entire surprises. Nothing wholly new and unheard of turns up as we explore neglected
libraries or dig in disused cemeteries.
The range
limited.
of Chris-
was
Eusebius,
practi-
by
his
It is true that,
own reading or by the reports of others. now that we have entered upon a new field
is
nothing that
we need despair of finding be it the Expositions of Papias, or the Memoirs of Hegesippus, or the Chronicle of Julius But again and again our new friend has proved Africanus.
be an old one, whom we knew at least by name. he has fitted in at once into the old surroundings.
And
The
second century was a book-making age; but the books were very often not original. As Spurgeon used to say of
many modern
They stir up our pure minds by way Books were made out of books. The literary imagination played around the old facts or the old The Teaching of the Apostles used an earlier, records. perhaps a Jewish, manual the Apology of Aristides was indebted to a book still unrecovered, the Preaching of Peter. Each of these in turn was embodied in later works the Teaching was 'used and used up,' as we are told, in the Shepherd of Hermas, besides the more obvious places where we trace it the Apology of Aristides lies embedded
books,
'
of remembrance.'
Similarly, there can be no manner of doubt as to whence our new Gospel derived the main bulk But as it was a true of its facts and of its language.
in a religious novel.
Apocryphon,' the secret book of a sect and not the property of the Catholic Church, its circulation was but limited and we cannot expect to find it largely used
'
common
surprising that
it
which have come down to us. Indeed should have so many points of contact
a
as
we have already noted with the surrounding literature. The second point to which I would call attention is
We
New
composed with the aim of setting forth at any cost the pecuUar view of some special school of Christian thought. Well, here we have a good example
to say, they are
of a 'Tendency- Writing.'
this
It is
point of view.
wilfully perverted
intro-
No-
32
thing
as
it
was before.
Here
is
'
History as
it
should
And no
one who will take the pains to compare sentence by sentence, word by word, the new Lines left out with the old Line upon Line,' will fail to return to the Four Gospels
' '
'
new Book.
side
The
cide with Tatian, together with the use of the Four Gospels
suggesting that the work is based upon a Harmony, might make us hesitate to place it previous But on the other hand its seeming earlier than c. I'jo.
by
side,
full
push
it
For the
all
whole
style
of the narrative
at
much
less
complex, and In
the
as
indeed suggests
yet
that
we cannot prove
Four In every other case he may have used some Gospels. source used also by the other writers and now entirely lost nay, in some cases he may be the original authority himThe main views here expounded may be traced back self. even to Cerinthus the opponent of S. John and we know that S. Ignatius strenuously combated Docetic teachers. So that we need not be surprised if further evidence shall
our author has borrowed,
save from the
:
of the
author
He
some statement
or phrase occurs
which
is
peculiar
33
To him
they
all
stand on an
equal footing.
has
acceptance as Canonical.
tury of
Nor
we
is
feel
an Urevangelium, or such a prae-canonical Gospel as must lie behind our Synoptists. He uses our Greek
;
Gospels
there
is
possibility of course
than these.
And
the
so the
new
if
be
The words
of Irenaeus
close,
new
recovery
So strong
is
from
own
who
we have made on
confirmed and
to one of our
verified.'
distinctive
Four Gospels. Thus the use made of the may be seen at a glance.
R.
J.
ADDITIONAL NOTES.
1
.
On
AND CODEX
(k),
BoBBlENSis.
It
Seems as though
we had
xvi.
at last
an Old Latin MS., which reads, after 'Who shall roll away for us the stone from the door,' as follows instead of our verse 4: 'But suddenly, at the third hour of the day, darkness came over the whole world, and angels descended from heaven, and rising in the glory of the living God ascended with Him; and immediately it became light.' This passage clearly cannot belong to its present context but it closely corresponds with the Ascension of the Divine Christ from the Cross even to the mention of the reappearance
in cod.
:
of the sun.
inconsistent
The when
'hour'
changed, so as to be less
its
new
context.
2.
On the Chronology
adpparor
of this Gospel.
fiids
The
notes of time
are as follows
1.
iin^ili(rKei...irpb
tuv
Atliiuav.
not remain unburied after sunset on this day. ?;' Bi lieinni^pla. The darkness covers Judaea. 2.
3.
eipiSrf
apa
imrr}.
The
Sios
light returns.
4.
toC
(TojS/SaTou.'
The
mourn.
5.
iirl
Tpm
iip^pas.
to
6.
The
multitude
come
to
see the
7.
Tomb.
rg di vvktI f
vvKTos.
iTri(j>a(rKev
t)
/cupia/ci}.
the Vision.
8.
9.
They hasten
Trji
to tell Pilate.
SpBpov Si
KvpiaKTJs.
to the
Tomb
dk
TeXevrala
Tifiipa
iopr^s irmiaaiiivqs.
Many
The
32
36
Abib
ADDITIONAL NOTES.
Preparation
i> 2, 3,
At even Passover
bread begins.
15.
killed.
Period of unleavened
Sabbath.
First
16.
17.
.....
. .
[4],
5> 7) 8,
18.
19. 20.
21.
Preparation
'
.10
[4]
ends.
Sabbath
still
we
may
In fact a -shaped
possibly restore tov
may have
aa^^arov.
we might
But
It is
week
in hiding at Jerusalem,
at all.
The
of these
it
statements
may be
Mark,
is
in
and
3.
Gospel.
have already
suggested (pp. 20, 22, 26) that the Anaphora Pilati has used this Gospel and this view is confirmed by some Coptic fragments (Revillout, 1876),
as yet untranslated,
my
knowledge of which
stress is laid
and Philip appears together with Herod as plotting against the Lord, Moreover these fragments seem to be connected in as in Anaph. Pil. method with others which correspond to the Historia Josephi, in which we find the one statement which Origen preserves to us from this Gospel
(see
above p. 14 n.)
M.A.
ET CLIBANVS
is
interest-
And
had
this
latter
its
considerable
stir
in
No one
in-
Canon of the New Testament be excited when nearly half of the text
book was one of which we heard much and It always seemed strange that we were constantly encountering its name in early documents, and yet, when we came to inquire about its character and contents, there were exactly six passages which gave us any idea on the subject, while the total amount of the text which they preserved may have been eight lines. Curiously enough, moreover, modern writers on the subject had hardly ventured more than the most general conjectures on these fragments, and had not succeeded in drawing from them
For
this
saw very
little.
by any means
all
made
to afford.
40
For myself, they had always possessed a curious interest, book once highly prized in several important Christian communities, and, more than that, as
being the
relics
had
poor
relics,
by
their
estimate
influence
on
later
class.
became
clear
book must have contained at least two elements, one a prophetical or predictive section, relating to the end of the world, the other, a narrative of visions; and more particularly, a vision of the torments of the
the
as
It
became
in
was true of the second book of the Sibylline oracles, the Apocalypse of Paul, and the later Apocalypse of Esdras. And, what was interesting from
the literary point of view,
the mediaeval
Divina Commedia of Dante. So that through the medium of the Pauline vision, the Apocalypse of Peter had had a share in moulding the greatest poem
of the middle ages.
of
In
my
Abraham'
:
this
view but it was not possible there (nor will it be, I fear, on the present occasion) to set forth, with all the necessary detail, the steps which led me to the conclusions which But perhaps I have said enough to I have just stated.
'
Texts
and Studies,
ii.
2,
the Apocalypse
my
attention
I
and
hope
this
with which
have ventured to
details.
propose to divide
Under a practice for which I fancy there are precedents. the first I shall arrange my account of what was known
about the book previous to
this late discovery.
Under
the
second I
new
fragment, with
a few notes.
Under
the
new
It is
perhaps simplest to
book
in
who speak of
mention
arranging them in
order of date.
The
first
(real or apparent) of
an
Apocalypse of Peter is found in the Muratorian Fragment, dated circ. 170 200 a.d. The writer has mentioned the Wisdom of Solomon: he goes on to say; "The Apocalypses
and Peter only do we receive which (in the singular) some of our number will not have read in the churches." Most critics have understood this sentence to mean that the only Apocalypses (and the number of Apocalypses was large) which the Roman Church received were those of John and Peter; and that the latter was repudiated by some Roman
of John
:
Christians.
But
it
is no reason to believe that was known at all at Rome; and that the Petrine Apocalypse we ought to suppose that a line has here dropped out of our undoubtedly corrupt fragment, and to read: "(There is) the Apocalypse of John and of Peter one epistle, which alone we receive there is also a second (epistle), which some
nuity by
Dr Zahn,
Zahn, N. T. Kanon,
ii.
105 sqq.
42
I
feel
ticularly as
convinced that Dr Zahn is right, more parseems that we have some reason to believe that
of Alexandria, at the beginning of the third
tells
Of Clement
*
century, Eusebius
the Canonical
I
'not
mean
Epistles,
and
that
and the rest of the Catholic of Barnabas, and the so-called Apocalypse
of Peter.'
When we
the
Outlines)
book of his Miscellanies, or from which are called Eclogue ex Scripturis Prothree
pheticis,
we
find
one of which
it is
fragments.
S.
at the
end of
So
far,
estimate of the
where we
it,
in
the Eccle-
siastical History of
Twice over he gives us his view of the book, based largely on the use or non-use of it by earlier Church writers: and it is by no means a favourable view.
Eusebius of Caesarea.
1
H.E.
vi. 14, I.
'
"
See Fragment
43
the
name
Gospel
known as his Preaching, and what is called his Apocalypse these we know not at all as having been handed down among catholic scriptures; fOr no
according to him, and what
is
of
made use of testimonies taken from them I" As a matter fact, we know that Clement of Alexandria used both
:
still,
in its
broad
lines,
the state-
ment
found
is
no doubt
correct.
is to be Testament
The second
in his writings^.
famous
New
The
place assigned to
is
among
'
Among
the writing of
the Acts of Paul, and the book called the Shepherd, and the
Apocalypse of Peter, and, besides these, the Epistle of Barnabas, and what are called the Teachings of the Apostles:
and
besides,
if
some include
the
Gospel according
the
to
the Hebrews.
All these
be of
number of
disputed books.'
own
opinion,
it is
many
of his contemporaries.
fifth
H. E,
iii.
3, 2.
H. E.
iii.
25, 4.
44
nature of his evidence requires a word of explanation. His book, called Apocritica, gives a series of objections brought by a heathen against Christianity, and the answers to these by Macarius. Now the objections are evidently genuine, and seem to be taken out of a written work. And
it
The
is
Porphyry.
may be down as
superto
it.
The heathen
fluity,'
way of
much importance
:
we
are forced
Even if we by the
Apocalypse of
Peter.'
More light on the reception of the book is given us by Sozomen in the first half of the fifth century. 'For instance,'
he
says,
'the
so-called
stamped as
entirely spurious
dis-
covered to be read in certain churches of Palestine up to the present day, once a year, on the Friday during which
the people most religiously fast in
commemoration of the
of the book
:
Lord's passion'.'
list
of
notices
it is
true
Apo-
H. E.
vi. 14)
because Eusebius
when he enumerates
Hist. Eccl.
vii. 19.
45
three
But a certain amount of evidence remains we have lists of apocryphal books which mention our Apocalypse. The list which goes by the name of Nicephorus, and may be placed about 850 a.d., is interesting as containing the name we are in search of, and as being a production of some one writing at Jerusalem'.
of this
list
is
One
division
set
apart for
'
New
lines.
Testament.''
These are
containing 1400
The Apocalypse of John The Apocalypse of Peter The Epistle of Barnabas The Gospel according to
This
list
300
the
Hebrews
1360 2200
We
will
put next to
it
a statement
The Codex
Claromontanus Da, of St Paul's Epistles, of the sixth century, has a catalogue in Latin of all the Scriptures, remarkable
for
many
reasons, which
(it
drian origin
original)
is
and of the
The
concluding items in
this are
Epistle of Barnabas
Revelation of John
(i.e.
Hnes).
The Shepherd
Acts of Paul
Revelation of Peter
4000
3560 270
.
third
list,
which
may be
is
very
commonly
teresting.
less in:
Zahn, N. T. Kanon,
290 sqq.
46
the
'
Protevangelium
').
Apocalypse of Peter.
Epistle of Barnabas.
Acts of Paul.
Apocalypse of Paul.
&c.
&c.
these passages.
The Apocalypse
lines
Homer
John
or, in
other words,
it
(316 lines)
in the
It
Rome
read in church on
Good
It
Friday in the
century.
continued to be copied
(for
:
down
in
Jerusalem
the
list
of Nicephorus was
made
for
and as we are told that the Gizeh MS. is of a date between the eighth and twelfth centuries, we may say the same of Egypt. But all this while the popularity and reception of the If the Muratorian Fragment book were not universal. does mention it, it is with a caution if Methodius quotes while Eusebius it, he does so without naming his source and Sozomen are unqualified in their repudiation of it as a genuine work of the Apostle, and tell us that the use
practical purposes)
:
made
was
of
it
practically nil.
it
by the great writers who had preceded them Macarius would not at all object to
over
it
:
throwing
one of our
lists
calls
it
a disputed book,
the third, whose
another places
47
it
gives
a place
among
)
y^
doubted portion of the New Testament Canon. So that, though no doubt it was a popular book,
educated class of Christians.
ception to this statement
:
its
Clement
is
no doubt an
exdis-
who
are better
informed ; while,
willing to lay
if I
read Methodius
rightly,
he
is
un-
much
stress
uses,
and
uses sparingly.
I
account of
what modern
first
J.
i.
E. Grabe
74.
\.
Fa940.
bricius
in
N.
T.,
Liicke,
of S. John,
Lipsius,
Biogr., art.
'Apocalypses,' Hilgenfeld,
Nov.
Test,
Can. rec,
Salmon
Kanon,
in his Introduction
11.
to
the
New
Testament, Zahn,
N.
T.
Robinson, Passion of S. Perpetua, pp. 37 43, should be consulted: they contain practically all that has as yet been said about the Apocalypse of
810
820,
Peter.
It is
necessary before
we
my
paper to
two hypotheses
one,
is
lypse of Peter
is
Mr
Robinson's,
is
that
we may
of S. Perpetua, and in
48
new
jectures.
We
will
now read
the
My
rendering
be
1.
literal
and
bald.
"
'
Many
and they
and
be sons of perdition.
faithful
And
then will
my
life
;
suffering oppression,
and proving
their
own
and
He
will
Let us go unto the mountain and pray.' And as we twelve disciples went with Him, we besought Him that He would shew us one of our
2.
And
the
we might
and encourage them also that should hear us. And as we were praying, there suddenly appeared 3.
two men standing before the Lord towards the east, whom} for there came from their counte:
light,
man
beheld,
nor heart conceive the glory wherewith they were clad, and
the beauty of their countenance.
for their
bodies were whiter than any snow, and redder than any
and the red thereof was mingled with the white, and, them for their hair was thick and curling and bright, and beautiful upon their face and their shoulders like a wreath woven of spikein a word, I cannot describe the beauty of
: '
Italics indicate
49
When, therefore, we saw their beauty, we were all amazement at them, for they had appeared suddenly and Who are these ? He I came near to the Lord and said These are your brethren the righteous, whose saith to me
: : '
'
'
And
said to
Him
is
'
And
where are
all
the world
And
the
Lord shewed
me
this
light, and the air that was there illuminated with the rays of the sun, and the earth itself blooming with unfading flowers, and full of
spices
and
a blessed
fruit
And
them
there.
And
was equal, and with one voice they praised the Lord God, The Lord saith unto us ' This is rejoicing in that place.
:
men.'
6.
And
saw also another place over against that and it was a place of chastisement ; and
atmo-
those that were being chastised, and the angels that were
chastising,
had
And there were some there hanging by their tongues 7. and these were they that blaspheme the way of righteousand there was beneath them fire flaming and torness
:
menting them.
8.
And
J.
R.
50
upon them. And there were also others, women, hung by their 9. hair over that mire that bubbled up and these were they that had adorned themselves for adultery and the men that had been joined with them in the defilement of adultery were hanging by their feet, and had their heads in the mire: and all were saying 'We beUeved not that we should come into this place.' 10. And I saw the murderers and them that had conspired with them cast into a certain narrow place full of evil reptiles and being smitten by those beasts and wallowing there thus in that torment and there were set upon them worms as it were clouds of darkness. And the souls of them that had been murdered were standing and looking upon the punishment of those murderers, and saying 'O God, righteous is thy judgment' 11. And hard by that place I saw another narrow place wherein the gore and the filth of them that were tormented ran down, and became as it were a lake there. And there sat women having the gore up to their throats, and over against them a multitude of children which were born out of due time sat crying and there proceeded from them flames {or sparks) of fire, and smote the women upon
: : : :
And
and caused
12.
abortion.
And
to their middle
evil
spirits
and
and having their and these were they that persecuted the righteous and delivered them up. And hard by them again were women and men 13.
that rested not:
'
See Fragment
4.
and being tormented, and receiving redand these were they that had blasphemed and spoken evil of the way of righteousness.
:
And over against these were again 14. women gnawing their tongues and having
their
other
men and
fire
flaming
in
mouths
false witnesses.
15.
And
men
and these were the wealthy that had trusted in their wealth and had not had pity upon orphans and widows, but had
neglected the
16.
commandment
of God.
and blood and boiling mire stood men and women, up to their knees and these were they that lent money and demanded interest on interest. 17. And there were other men and women being hurled down from a great clifif, and they reached the bottom and again were driven by those that were set upon them to climb up upon thfe cliff, and thence they were hurled down again, and they had no rest from this torment.
in another great lake full of pitch
:
And
and
there stood
instead
19.
cliff was a place full of much fire, men who had made for themselves images of God with their own hands. And beside them were other men and women who
And
beside that
other,
and never
And
women and men were and being roasted: and had forsaken the way of God."
sufficient length to give us
As
42
52
a
fact,
it
300
It falls into
the eschatological
discourse,
The
first
The opening
Matt. xxiv. 24;
is
Mark
xiii.
But both this and the words of a remarkable series of resemblances to the Second Epistle of Peter, which I propose to collect in a note, in order that we may be the better able to realise them '.
Christs and false prophets.^
first
'
Apoc.
ii.
I.
I
iroXXol...l(roi'Tai \l/evdoTpo<j>iJTai,
2 Pet.
iyivovTo
5^
us koI iv
and
iii.
3.
2 Pet.
ii.
SoKi/idiovTas
ris
iawuv
\f'vxas-
Pet.
ii.
^'OCh"
SiKalav...
6 Behs...Kpivet
rois
2 Pet. 2.
ii.
Td 8pos,
i. 1
2 Pet.
tQ
aylip 6pei.
tQv 4^e\66vTuv
2 Pet.
i.
15 /ierd
2 Pet.
iii.
1 TToraxoiis Set
vTrapx^iv ifnas.
7.
2 Pet.
roirop
i.
.aixMPo^'
19 iv
aixMPV
oi
ofls T)
"roirip.
7 (and 13).
2 Pet.
ii.
SiKai.o<Tivrii.
2 Si'
|8XaiT0r;/i7)ffT)(rerai.
idiri. 2 1
iweyvUKivai
S3
may be upon
not
re-
2 Peter, I will
it
upon myself
to
determine
only,
must be
membered
them are
possible.
Jude may
also
and
school, or
We
wiU return
Have we any
No
doubt
;
it
is
ultimately
xiii.
;
in Matt. xxiv.
Mark
Luke
an Apocryphal document which helps us here very considerably. It is a book which exists in
But there
is
Syriac, Carshunic,
in Syriac
and Ethiopic. It has been published by Lagarde, who has also made a retranslation into
2 Pet. 8.
ii.
|3op(3opo!.
ii.
15.
iKvXlonTO.
2 Pet.
22
17.
eis KuXicrfibv
^op^opov.
9, II,
2 Pet.
15. 2 Pet.
iii.
Punishment of impurity.
Denunciations of impurity.
ii.
10 sqq.
To
ibe
must
added.
Fragments
2 Pet.
1
i, 2.
10 oiipavol
Fragment
^K
tijcv
2 Pet.
i^
If
yap
54
proper
name
is
'The
book of Clement, which is called the Testament of our Lord Jesus Christ the words which He spake to His holy Apostles after He had risen from the dead.' Now, I am of the opinion that this book, or at least the
:
first
fourteen chapters of
it,
Apocalypse of Peter.
expanded
think, striking.
In the
is
first
the same.
last
with the
complete.
place, the general complexion of both books Both contain a speech of our Lord dealing things only, that in the Testament is more
:
is
In the Testament,
He
is
questioned by Peter
and John,
are present.
in
In the
Apocalypse, Peter
the questioner;
is
But
not
made
being revealed.
:
The
yet
is gone one touch makes it likely that the time meant is, in the time after the the Apocalypse as in the Testament, For the Apostles ask to see the glory of Resurrection.
may
thereby be enabled to
moment
already received
it
(Such a commission, be
The words
of Christ
'
Let us
Antiqiiiss.
Syriace: Greek in
Rel.
=>
Graece.
1856.
55
the
direction.
mount and pray' ( 2), point in the same The date imagined by our author can hardly
xxiv., for there the discourse
be that of Matt,
on the
was delivered
Mount of
Olives
Mount
over.
:
Testament.
Many
of
them
will
be
false
8.
There
shall
rise
up shep-
herds
etc.,
and
ing
shall
all
appoint
men not according to the scripture and the commandment which the
Father would have.
3, etc.
The
'
expression 'son of
perdition
10.
is
used of Antichrist.
'doomed.'
And
then shall
God come
unto
8.
They
shall
my
faithful
thirst,
and
and
they
shall call
on their
saved.
God
that
if
kingdom. have told you this, that wherever ye go ye may prove the holy souls'. be
for the
I
14.
therefore
God
is
de-
TToXiJXaXoi,
ih,v
Lagarde.
SoKi/idffuxn t6 irvcS/ia
airw, Lag.
56
God
Testament.
12.
1.
shall
come.
the
at the
same
point.
'
Come
to the
and then the vision is seen. In the Testament, after the mention of the judgment, He says, 'Turn therefore unto the churches, and administer them'; and the rest of the book is occupied with legislation.
'
mount
discourse
more evidence to come. I shall ask you to examine with me the Second Book of the Sibylline Oracles, a book which is assigned either to the
are remarkable.
But there
is
Of this book, 11. 6 30, 154 213, contain a description of the signs of the end, of which one source is evidently, I
think, a
21
Testament.
slaughter,
3i 4> 5-
38.
General
plagues,
famine,
destruction
of
rulers,
-unjust rulers.
in the plenty.
West
slaughter
'Silver
shall
'
be despised and
Alsocf. 8j*^k.
a
gold honoured.
6.
crown'.
[39
Signs in heaven:
154.
bow,
Poem
of
Pseudo-
births:
whose 'appear-
the
I shall make use of the excellent edition of Rzach, 1891. The star is modified into a crown, as it seems, in order to introduce poem attributed to Phocylides (56^148): this poem is a collection
of moral precepts, and the star represents the crown given to the keeper of the law of God.
$7
Testament.
155.
(cf.
born
General
shall
8.
be white-haired.'
Evil shepherds.
False prophets.
Beliar (Antichrist).
Return of the
Elias comes.
lost tribes.
The son of
perdition
described.
The
and
Sibylline
book goes on
fire,
of the world by
many points
of connexion with
we can
let
:
follow
it
no
Only,
am
trying to enforce be
borne in mind
may
first
her
first
part resembles
the Testament.
Is
Apocalypse
1
all
through
and comes to us in a Petrine form, for it (And is attributed to Clement the companion of Peter. there exists in Arabic and Ethiopic an Apocalypse of Peter of which Clement is the ostensible redactor \) So that it is linked by this fact with the spurious Petrine literature and additionally by the fact that the two Apostles who are specially named as speakers are Peter and John. Secondly, though there is as yet no trace of the spread of the Testament in the West, I have recently come upon
points in connexion with the Testament,
Two more
:
have done
first it
'
This book
is
produce parts of
at
a later time.
in
It
it.
is
my
S8
christ,
upon
I
earth.
This
exists in
an Uncial
in a forth-
MS.
include
propose to print
it
coming number of Texts and Studies. My own belief is that it is a fragment of the Apocalypse of Peter and that belief I base mainly on analogies in late Apocalypses which seem plainly dependent upon that book, and upon the great unlikeliness that the Testament was ever known in the
:
West.
5 are
of
its
inhabitants
and
if
to a certain standard
of literary excellence,
although
it
Our
most
was
numerous here
the
striking
one
is
a vision in which
Mr
Robinson' con-
jectured that
some
discoverable,
namely,
exist.
Apocalypse
Josaphat in
translate
the
vision
of
I
the History of
will
the passages, and call attention (in the notes) to such coin-
cidences of language as
and passing through places which he had never and arriving at a plain of vast extent^, flourishing with fair and very sweet-smelling flowers*, where he saw
beings,
seen,
1
^ "
*
Passion of S. Perpetua, p. 37. Boissonade, Anecd. Graeca iv. pp. 280, 360.
liyl(TTi]v ireSiaSa
iI>/aaIois fi^'Seiri /cal
:
cf. jti-^utTOV
x'^P"" Apoc. 5.
:
XiaK
euciSctri KOf4i6irjj
cf. 7^i'...di'9oO(Tai'
d/xapairois
&v0e(Ti. Kal
ApuiMTUV
7rXi}p7) ibiii.
59
plants of all manner of kinds, loaded with strange and wondrous fruits, most pleasant to the eye and desirable
to touch
'.
And
made
clear
music
to a soft breeze
and sent
whereof
none could tire, as they stirred ^... And through this wondrous and vast plain these fearful beings led him, and brought him to a city which gleamed with an unspeakable brightness and had its walls of translucent gold, and its battlements of stones the like of which none has ever seen.... And a light from above ever darted its rays and and certain winged hosts, each filled all the streets thereof
:
abode there singing in melodies never heard by mortal ears and he heard a voice saying This this is the joy of them that have is the rest of the righteous
to itself a light ^
;
: :
Again
"
tinued, thus
He saw those fearful men, whom he had seen before, coming to him, and taking him away to that vast and wondrous plain, and bringing him into the glorified and exceeding bright city'- And as he was entering into the gate, others met him, all radiant with light, having crowns
^
<j>VT&,
cf.
cf.
TOffovTOV S^
ol
7Jv
t6 &vSoi
(bs
Kal
itp* Tjfia^
iKcWev (p^peadai
ibid,
Cf.
d77Awi' ipomvuv...
the Vision
(eitppoaivq is the
word
of Josaphat)
* cf.
ibid.
iffTi.v
oSroj
Tuv
SiKaiojv AvOpdiTOJi/
ibid.
" ^
p. 360. vir^pXafiTrpov
:
0wt
ibid.
6o
in their
',
and
Whose
?
' '
crowns of glory
which
I
it
see
One
'
they said
is
'
is
thine
'."
really
unmistakable here.
But
may
perhaps be remembered,
that, in the
place where he
Mr Robinson establishes a connexion and the Vision of Saturus. Does that vision help us here ? I will quote some lines from it which seem clearly to do so. And when we had passed the first How does this compare world, we saw an infinite light.' with the words the Lord shewed me a vast space outside Again: 'and whilst we were being this world' 2 ( 5). borne along by those four angels, there was made for us {we came upon) a great space, which was like a garden,
quotes this vision,
between
it
'
'
having
trees
and flowers of all sorts. The height of the manner of a cypress, and the leaves of them sang without ceasing.' The flowers and plants of 5 will be remembered in this connexion. After they had passed over the violet-grown stadium and come to the city built of light, four angels clothed us as we entered in with white garments' ( 5 the dwellers
rose-trees
was
after the
'
'
raiment shone).
Holy,
voice
saying
Holy,
Holy
without ceasing'
( 5
'
all
Lord God)
again
we began
there
to
many
Lastly, at the
end of the
vision,
it
is
said,
'
we were
us,'
rb
KaWos
airroii'
3.
cf.
oiovs d<p6a.'K/u>l
oiSiiroTe /SpoVcioi
iBeiaavTo:
ottoiov
oiSivore
inr^pXafiirpoL
see above.
6
to us
it
from thence').
Surely, with these proofs before us,
we may
is
safely affirm
that
the
Peter,
and that
Mr
Robinson's hypothesis
confirmed by
the
new
discovery.
We
First, I will
removed',
much
And when
him to certain places, dark, whose horror counterbalanced the brightness which he had seen. Here was a furnace kindled and aflame with fire' ; and a sort of worm, fashioned for
that great plain, they brought
and
full
of
all
foulness ^
And
chastising powers*
men
being
burned
is
in
the
fire.
And
:
saying 'This
this is the
punishment"
And
forth.'
The resemblances
notwithstanding.
We
1 ^
will take
The poet
281.
.
.<rK0Tiv6v,
'
6.
* cf.
TrevKTjpiaiiivov
kpireruv
aKiiiKriKes
uinrep
ve<p4Xat
ffKorovs 10:
' cf. oi * '
cf.
and vt6
KoXofoi'Tes dyyeXoi 7
TJV
iwiKCWTO
aitrots
HyyeXoi ^aixavuTTal
9.
Kal
cf.
10, 17.
62
tion of
;
heaven and earth, the resurrection, and the judgment all, it is then said, will pass through a fiery stream the good will be saved, but the bad will perish for whole aeons' and then the classes of sinners are enumerated'. Those who did murder, or who were privy to it", liars,
:
'
'
deceitful
faithful
thieves,
violent
house-plunderers,
gluttons,
un-
in wedlock,
those
who pour
and
those
who have
of
become blasphemers and harmers of the pious , and breakers faith and destroyers of just men'" ; deceitful priests and deacons who judge unjustly... worse than leopards and wolves, the proud, 'and usurers who colled interest on interest^ in their houses and injure orphans and widows" in
fraudulent or grudging almsgivers, those
every way':
who
turn
deniers
who
who
unchaste
who
expose their
and
sorcerers,
These
all shall
be brought to the
all shall
and eternal God, having bound them fast with chastise^' most terribly with scourges of flame and chains of fire and then shall cast them into the
unbreakable chains,
:
1.
cf.
cruvioTopes
Sib.
= (TwetSoras Apoc.
7, 13.
20.
cf.
18.
cf.
8
8
cf. 12.
'cf. 15.
"
1^
cf.
II.
3, 5.
THE REVELATION OF
PETER.
63
gloom of nigh f- in Gehenna among the beasts of Hell^, many and terrible, where the darkness^ is infinite': then follows
the fiery wheel
sin,
and
river
held out
or, as I
(11.
330
335).
exist, in
The
fully
resemblances,
made
But
it is
clear that in a
poem
which
is
would be out of
place.
Thomas^ In
this,
the dead, narrates what she has seen in the infernal regions.
must
whole passage.
The woman
says:
and he brought me to a place wherein were many chasms, and much stench' and a horrible exhalation proceeded from thence. And he made me look into every chasm and in the (first) chasm I saw flaming fire, and wheels of fire were turning there^, and souls hung upon those wheels, and were dashed against each other: and there was a great crying and howling there, but there was none to help. And that man said to me: 'These souls are of thy race, and for a set
:
cf.
6.
2 cf.
10, 12.
'
p. 39.
6.
* 5
of the tormentors
The
Irpexov iKeiac;
cf.
5.
64
number
THE REVELATION OF
PETER.
of days they have been delivered over into torment and breaking, and then others are brought in in their stead, and they likewise are transferred to another place: these are they that ha.ve perverted the union of man and woman 'And I looked and saw infants heaped upon one another and struggling with one another, and lying on each other''. And he answered and said to me: These are their children, and therefore they are set here as a testimony against
them.
'He brought me to another chasm, and I looked in and saw mire^ and the worm* bubbling up^ and souls wallowing there, and a great gnashing of teeth was heard from them,
and that man
said to
that have forsaken their
me: These are the souls of women husbands and committed adultery
with other men, and have been brought into this torment*.
saw
'He shewed me another chasm whereinto I looked, and souls, some hanging by their tongue'', some by their
some by
their hands,
hair^,
some by
fire
their feet,
head down-
whom
that
man
that
These souls that are hung by their tongue are slanderers, and uttered false and shameful words ; and those that hang by their hair, it is further explained, were bold-faced people who went about bare-headed in the world: those hung by their hands were cheats and never gave to the poor those hung by their feet ran after pleasure, but did not visit the
:
17.
11.
8, 9, 16.
,0, i^.
dva^piovra
cf.
9. 9.
cf.
cf.
9.
6$
and the other chastising spirits, is taken back to the world. I hope my readers will take the trouble to compare for
themselves
my
To my
mind, they
of Peter.
The
Paul;
is
the Apocalypse of
which
may be
forced to call
shortness' sake.
This book we have in a rather shortened text of the original Greek, in a fuller Syriac version, and
which is the fullest of all. This last is in and I hope it will be published shortly in a forthcoming number of Texfs and Studies. It is of course advisable to quote the Greek where we have it; but it will probably be necessary to refer to the Latin too. The abbreviations G and Z will serve to show which is meant. Paul as I have elsewhere remarked ^ a book of the fourth or early fifth century, and a mosaic made out of more than one earlier book: and it has already been noticed (by Hilgenfeld and Salmon) that the use of the name 'Temeluchus' as the name of an angel is a mark that the writer had seen the Apocalypse of Peter. For this word occurs in Fragments 3 and 5; it is really an adjective, and means 'caretaking': but it is quite peculiar to this book, and might well have been misunderstood by a But this mistake of Paul does not seem to later writer. have been followed up by those who have called attention to it. Had this been done, it would have been clear that Paul had borrowed much more than one word from our Apocalypse; and this we shall see when we come to examine
in a Latin version
print,
'-is,
'
Texts
and Studies
\\.
2. 21.
R.
J-
66
the Fragments.
Paul
just'.'
(?)
place
of your brethren
full
of different
Pet. 5.
light of the
light^.'
,,23
Pet. 5 'out-
judgment'
Pet. 10.
cf.
Pet
,,
,,
10.
6.
,,
cast therein.'
,,31 'some up
knees.'
,,32
))
Pet.
35 'the widow and orphan he did not pity.' Pet. 15 'that pitied not orphans and widows.'
Pet. 14
'gnawing their
Pet.
,,
39 'being led away into a dark place. 'cast into a dark place *.'
12
Pet.
15 'sharper
^ ^
'o" Ko<TfWV
cf.
cf.
*
^ '
^epXijuhovs iv avTif:
^e^Xruihovs (v
:
and
12.
cf.
cf.
6|iiTepoi...7roj'T6s djSeXIiTKOu
Tewvpia-
ixivoi.
67
40 'these are they that corrupted themselves and Pet. 11 'these were killed their children'.'
they that destroyed and
children.'
made
abortive their
Pet.
10
and
,,
12.
demanded
interest
on
Pet.
in-
and
10
and
15".
38 'into
10 'being
,,
41 'there was straitness, and the mouth of the well was strait.' Pet. 10, 11 'a strait place*.'
j>
42 'the
worm
that
is restless'.
Pet. 12'.
39
'girls in
women
Pet.
clothed in rags
15
foul rags,'
and 6 'raiment
place.'
atmosphere of the
a conjecture of
Some
little
time back
I called attention to
Bunsen's that in the fragment Concerning the Universe Hippolytus might have
made
In
his
Ka.1
rk
^pitpfj
avrav
6.iroKTilva<jai.
The
^
partly conjectural.
suis.
oBrot
and r^ ^Xoiir^
6
avTuv
'
ireiroLdoTes (15).
cf. A*
(jj
Ix^p
tiSv KoXa-
^Ofihitirv
* "
angustia, et
angustum erat
:
uermem inquietum
cf.
(tkwMikuv
68
Bensly has
unfurnished^,
locality
light of the
world does
since
nothing Petrine.
'Now
no
there.
This place
it
is
and
over
are
appointed
who
administer the
as
with his host... the just are escorted in light to the right...
and led
to a shining place
And
But the wicked are dragged to the left by chastising angels, not going any longer willingly, but being haled by force as captives, and the angels deride and reproach them and thrust them downwards' to a place
where they dwell
Inferno,
will
in sight of Paradise
be remembered, was
'
At the last ( 6), and was full of chastising angels ( 6, 8). judgment all men and angels and demons will join in saying Emphasis is laid on the 'worm of 'Just is thy judgment^'
fire,
'
Lagarde, p. 68.
xxi.
i,
2 TOTTos A/caTaerKeiiao-Tos ^ *
from Enoch
:
2 (Gizeh fragment).
tpwris
/ii/
KaTaXd/nrovTos
Trpis
cf.
Pet. 5.
iil-j'7e\oi (j>povpol,
ij
69
in general
And
may be
Peter
is
employed, he
most
likely
one source.
There are yet two other Apocalypses of a considerably later date than Paul, which bear almost as clear traces of the influence of the Apocalypse of Peter these are the
:
The former
is
patchwork
as this
document
can be digsins
name
one
of a book.
described
show
remarkable
the
Apocalypse ^
It
The
latter^ is
may be worth
while to cite
:
to discuss the
Fragments
but
ask
my
readers to trust
two documents to our Apocalypse the evidence which I could adduce is not different in kind from that of which I have already given a good deal.
assertion of the obligations of these
:
my
One
of Paradise
hermit
may
here be given.
It
who went
He was
carried
over the river which separates the heavenly land from ours
trees
by two trees which bent down and wafted him over these were 'fair and most comely, full of sweet-smelling fruit'.'
:
'
33.
it is
Not
know:
very
have transcribed it for publication. * To be published in Texts and Studies with other
^
documents.
70
he found it to be a place full and there was no mountain on one side or the other, but that place was a plain full of flowers, all begarlanded, and all the land was fair'.' The first man whom he met wore no garments, and when Zosimas asked the reason of this, he bade him look and I looked and up into the sky and behold his raiment
of
When
much
fragrance
'
saw
an angel and
this
his
garment as the
I feared that
and
5.
its
inhabitants in Pet. 3,
should be
In the Ethiopic
'
place of the lost gj tribes is described (in a passage which practically recurs in Commodian's poems ^) and it is said
:
that
'
when
we
is
smell through
neither
it
the smell of
winter,
gardens.
summer nor
We
'
Fragments
and
2 are
^p 6 TOTTOS ^Keivos 7r\^fnis ev<a$ias iroWrjs, xal ovk ^v opos ^vda Kal
^vda^
ttSito
"'
dW'
ij
7Jv
7^
eiiirpeTnJs.
^fdcrai ri
hSvfid /wv
cJjirei
iroiov iariM.
t6
irpoffiairov
(lis
avToS
irp6<ruiTov
AtyAou
hSvua
avTOV
'
*
&irTpinr'/)v,
ii
i^
dvaToXQv
p. 44.
^ I believe it to be the case that the author of the Carmen de ludicia Domini used our book; and Commodian may have done so as well; but in his case the number of sources used is considerable.
THE REVELATION OF
or rather,
confute.
I will translate
PETER.
by the heathen writer whom he undertakes to and comment on them in order. "Let us by way of superfluity cite also that saying in the
It
Apocalypse of Peter.
terms.
'The earth,' it says, 'shall present all men before God at the day of judgment, being itself also to be judged along with the heaven also which encompasses it'." And he goes on to inquire why the heaven is to be destroyed seeing that it is the Creator's noblest work. Then, in the following chapter, we find: "This, moreover, it says, which is a saying full of impiety: 'And every power of heaven
shall
shall
be rolled up
this
like
scroll,
and
all
fall like
fall
from a
fig tree'."
With
we should
xxxiv. 4,
identical, save
and in view upon by some (e.g. Hilgenfeld) as merely a quotation from Isaiah, and not from the Apocalypse. Yet the way in which the heathen objector brings it forward, the way in which Macarius
the passage has been looked
it,
answers
we
find
it
partially
xxi.
quoted in our
26)
and
in
the
Apocalypse of John (vi. 13, 14), are considerations which, when combined, lead me to think that Zahn does right
when he
In
earth,
includes
it
among
the fragments.
this
we
is
Dr Salmon
has
pointed out, a
trait
which
books, predicts
further,
the destruction
of the world
And,
we
have a gap
at the
a prophecy of
this sort
72
ment.
It
has used our Apocalypse, devotes some space to a description of the destruction of the world
by
fire,
namely, the
Sibylline Oracles'.
Again,
S.
Methodius,
who quotes the Apocalypse, lays stress on this point too^ The third century poet Commodian has a line which seems
an echo of the prophecy that the heaven
'the stars of
is
to
be judged:
heaven
fall,
and
certainly
Commodian used
Fragments 3 6 all bear on one and the same and may be translated together.
3.
subject,
"The
(i.e.
been
exposed
by whom they are educated, and so grow up; and they will be, it says, as the faithful of an hundred years old are here.'' Then, in what I take to be a separate extract, though hitherto it has been printed continuously with the last*, there
livered to a caretaking angel,
follows
a flash of
"Wherefore also Peter in the Apocalypse says: 'And fire darting from those children, and smiting the eyes of the women'."
4.
Here we have,
an extract
'
II.
190
213.
division are these: (i) the unique
(2) 39,
^
^
*'
De
My
MS.
does not
wrongly by the
the fragment
As an
intelligible
73
identifiable
"For
the children
part
:
who
and
that they
may
attain a share of
knowledge and gain the what they would have suffered the body but the others shall merely
:
beings to whom mercy is shewn: and remain without punishment, receiving this as a reward."
obtain
as
injured
5 b.
they
come
how could
up
in
summoned
their
own
parents to the
Judgment-seat of
Christ, to accuse
grudge us that
light
these
"'But the milk of the women, flowing from their and congealing,' says Peter in the Apocalypse, shall engender small beasts {perhaps serpents) that consume flesh and these run up upon them and devour them teaching us that the punishment comes on account of the
breasts
:
'
sin
(i.e.
is
He
says that
sins the
In Fragments 3 and
74.
Let
are made.
I.
Exposed
and
2.
I
Untimely
class
births
are
life.
given to an
angel,
and go
Another
3.
is
(Fr. 5 a.)
A certain
untimely births)
is
born of adultery
and
is
educated
in a place of
peace
them
ture
',
to death.
for these facts the
'
And
rities.
'
Scrip-
and
divinely-inspired writings
tells
births,
but
it
says nothing
for
supposing that
all
the frag-
ments which
Zahn denies that they do he attributes Fr. 3 and Fr. 5 b principally on the ground that, to some unknown book reading xli. of Clement as one paragraph, we have the same book quoted twice, once without a name, once
'
:
under
its
proper name
which
is
impossible
therefore two
sufficient
;
and with
Clement, in
(in
which he
He
quite arbitrary.
75
think there
is
no other
Let
me
give
Fragments.
my own theory of the reconstruction of the They belong to the lost part of the Inferno,
and to the explanations of things seen which must there have been given to Peter either by our Lord or by an angel. Peter has seen the women and the children born untimely (as in ii) later on he sees women who have exposed the milk of these their children, instead of suckling them unnatural mothers, which ought to have been given to their children, has engendered small serpents, which devour
;
is
He
The untimely
a
b).
at the bar of
gain salvation
immunity from punishment (Fr. 5 a), presumably because they have been actually born, and have
consequently entered the ranks of
human
life.
Now
to
comment on
way elsewhere
pre-
births.
am
word exposed^ as an inaccuracy of Clement's, or else as a wrong reading for abortive, which latter word can be But the theory that it is an obtained by a slight change.
'
iKTcBhra
what
is
wanted
is
ixTpaBivra.
"jS
inaccuracy
preferable;
is
made
in
we have
the
same passage accurately (or more accurately) reproduced by Clement himself in Fr. 5 a and by Methodius in 5 b. Very likely Clement is here commenting on a passage of Ecclesiastes (vi. 3, 4) where a long life and an untimely birth are compared together ^ The words of Isaiah 'the child shall die an hundred years old^' may be also in his mind. Notice that the word faithful occurs in i of our text. The clause in which this word occurs corresponds to the clause in 5a, which is a paraphrase by Clement, 'in
order that they
4.
may
The
text
difference of language
between
this
fragment
and our
If the
might lead one to suspect that the latter is a shortened one, or that Clement is quoting from memory.
word
'flash''
Paul
35'
Wisdom (iii. 7, among the stubble. The unique word for caretaking" is made into Sfl, b. a proper name in Paul and in the later 'Apocalypse of
"
be original it can be paralleled from Clement goes on to quote a text from 8) comparing the righteous to a spark
John','
effect,
and is applied to a chastising angel . But, in Paul has done much more than borrow a single
at
in G^ 40 we have the following passage, which once takes us back to the source of Fr. 5 b.
word
"
And
me These
'
themselves,
and
The
children
&v
yevvriiTri &viip
iKarou, Kal
h-i]
rd iKTpa/M,
^
Isa. Ixv. 7.
"
94
see p. 94.
16- 34.
THE REVELATION OF
therefore
PETER.
parents.'
^^
came crying
'
:
Avenge us of our
And
they were given to an angel, that they should be taken to a place of ease, but their parents to eternal
the text
is
fire."
In
40,
''And he answered
me
defiled
womb, and
men
But
God and
the angels
for they
name
commandments
they
and mercy.
eternal
But
their fathers
to
punishment^"
it
speaking
his
words
But
this
is
of
little
moment,
Et respondit mihi
Haec
plasmam
sunt uiri
autem earum interpellant dominum deum et angelos qui super penas erant, dicentes: Nefanda ora {sic. I read Vindica nos a) genitoribus nostris ipsi enim commaculauerunt
concubentes
eis.
cum
Infantes
plasma
dei,
nomen
non obseruantes
alios
autem
illi
autem
et
Stran-
which
is
a mis-
reading for
&irrix0'>l<ra'',
the
word indicated
in the Greek.
78
and a
pected.
amount of
intentional variation
is
to
be exuse of
An
made
The two
and
to
in Barnabas' Epistle.
And no doubt
it
sible to collect
world.
The writer
to
mention of the freedom of Christians from this form of guilt. 'They marry and beget children, like all the world: but
they do not cast out the children
Apostolical Constitutions
(vii. 3),
when
born.'
And
the
(Fr. 5 a)
'
is
from God,
I
be murdered
shall
unjustly slain".'
which Hilgenfeld calls the and others the Ecclesiastical Canons,' the prohibition of these sins is put into the mouth of Peter,
that, in the tract
' '
may note
Judgment of Peter
'
Sill.
Or.
ii.
280.
iaaai
S'
ivl
yaaripi ^oprovs
dO^ffflUS.
iKTptJJffKOVClV,
And
of which
is
interpolated in the
184.
Cf. 'in
^
should be remarked,
lastly, that
Other uncommon words used by him are vapoUfrup, &vev<j)irifi,elv, dc(i7ra0X(ifew, Ixtip, X<i^'f,
79
Apocalypse or not,
Fr. 6.
by Peter
text, or
It
who
Compare the
Esdras
(p.
29)
"And
And
the angels
me
'
:
This
woman grudged
and
frag-
We
it
is
that the
milk of those
women who
it
their punishment.
They
refused
it
to their
them.
And
one which
almost
all
It is
beheve that
it
origi-
I
it
have added
appears to
this to the
list,
givings, for
me
cence of
twice
Hilgenfeld includes
among the fragments a quotation made by Hippolytus from 'the prophet,' and found
Commodian's Carmen Apologeticum (88690).
If
also in
it
is
'
really
Brffloi
similar descriptions.
^
and
riis
Sih
Kocr/itov
rpixuv
iirl
iropvelav
op/Mbtras.
8o
terms in which
doubt,
in
it
is
introduced,
am
rather inclined to
must have formed part of the introductory section which the end of the world was predicted. It runs thus
another prophet also says: 'He (Antichrist) shall
all
"And
gather
his forces
those
whom
shields of his
weapons
him and
and blacken^ the plain with the and every one that shall encounter by the sword' (Of Antichrist, c. 15
it
During
Peter
that
all this
for granted
name
is
nowhere given.
it
it
The
me
to suppose that
It is attributed to
one of
and
4-
is
2.
(2)
The author
is
(3)
passage occurs in
it
which
is
substantially iden-
tical
(4)
We know
it
Apostle which
fragment, save,
is
of no other Apocalypse attributed to an would be possible to identify with this perhaps, the Revelation of Thomas: and it
is
^ 'KevKaveT.
/iekavd.
The vocabulary is curious, and, so far, is an argument The use of kckX-Zikoi. is so odd that one is tempted origin.
a rendering of a Latin 'uocauerit.'
to guess that
it is
8
vision given
by our Lord to Peter, and less certainly, some account of what happens to souls immediately after death:
I
Many
on one
many more
But
I
I have,
no doubt,
failed
through
ignorance to ask.
students the main results of a somewhat laborious examination of Christian Apocalyptic literature.
And
hope
that,
however unattractive may be the subjects treated by PseudoPeter and by myself, and whatever the defects of their
treatment, I have
made
it
and of
have in
this
book a document of
How many
of heaven and hell are ultimately derived from the Apocalypse of Peter, I should be sorry to have to determine.
I think
But
are ;
possible that a
sing in
And
never-withering flowers,
we
traced
any, to
The
named
in the
Apocalypse Dead,
the Pistis Sophia, and the Apocalypse of Zephaniah with our book, are
among
whether
we have
'
reason to
a shortened one, and whether the author of the Apocalypse did not write the ' Gospel as well.
suppose that our text of the Apocalypse
R.
J.
82
I
Apocalypse.
i,
oi <povei<reis
lo
oi iraLdo<p0Ofyfi(T6is
oil
17
iv
tjidopq-^
tpoveiceii
KTevels.
..
t4kvov
oitd^
y&tvqdev
airo-
II
oi
^j/evdo/JMirrvp'/iaeis...
Iffri
I4
16
?
oiK
3.
TrXeoi'^KTTjs
ipy^
tpQvos
jxovxfitai
19 10
9
18 16
7>
elSiiiKo'KaTptla
^iKapyvpos
^XaiT^ijfda
5.
13
^woi
/ioix^tat, hridvixiaiy Tropveiai...
10
9
18
eiSuXoXaTpeiai...
]pevBoti.apTvptai....
14
11
i
SiiaKTOi &yadtov...
oiK
Aeowres
irTiaxiv
^oxeis TiKvav,
(pBopeU
irSao'iiaTos
8eo0
(cf.
/"/,
Za/. 40)
ds-OffT/je^o/iexoi
II
tAk ivSeoiKVOV,
Kwrairovovvrei
rbv
1
ffKi^opLevov
TrXouff/wi' Tra/saffXijTOi
15
certain
The
words
for
number of coincidences
in
117
243
vo-
we
ipxipoif),
/co<r/ios,
koXoo-is,
In
pp. 237
243 a
series of sins
and
their
punishments
described: the
murder,
theft, pride,
blasphemy,
impurity.
The punishments do
book.
situation
imparted by the Lord to the disciples after the Resirrrection. I have little doubt that the Apocalypse is, like the Fistis Sophia, of Egyptian origin, and that both have connexions with the Kitual of
the Dead.
...t[w] Se 'lovBaloiv
Tioi'
oi38eis
ivLif/aro
KpiTiav avTOv,
koL l3ov\rj6ivTuiv
xxiii
'Ocra KXeucra
2
'Hkei St eKi
Kuptou, Kai
Trpog
^tj/cte
to
o-aJjua
rai^v.
lo aiJToS
KOL o IlEiXaTos
<7(i)p,a'
Tre/jbifras
irpos
Lc
xxiii 7
TO
Kai d 'Hp(oS;s
<^;
'AScXc^e IletXaTe,
eTret
el
KOL
ii,ri
Tts aijTOV
grqKH,
tjfi.ei^
avTov c^aTTTO/xcv,
Kai Lc
xxiii 54
<Ta.pPaTov
p.17
e7rt<^a)o-Ki.
yeypaTTTat yap ev
irpd
/itas
tm
vd|U.(i)
i;A.tov
SSvoi ext
'ir(j)OveuiJievio
T<3v
dt,vfJLijiv
T^s
f^'P}' '^.^^^
koprrj'S
avTwv.
15
Ji^ 'of17
avTOV
0-;^i;KdTes
Mc xv
iKaOicrav avTOv
KpZve,
eirt
KaBihpav
'lo'paryX.
Ittl
Kpicrao'S
XeyovTes AiKaicDs Jn
avT<3v
veyK<i)V
\\
xix 13
^acrtXcv
tov
Kat tis
67
f.
oidels
Kai\
5
Kai
[t&]
Koi
eiipofiev
^W\eu(77)ffa
16
eiipoifieV
legendum
uel apw/MV
84
Jnxix34
rfj Ti/i^
T1//157-
4
lx,i<Tov
Kai
ava
avros Si icnuma
<os
/ur/Seva J
it6vov
on
TO
Lcxxiii39ff.
TtBewdTK
iKtivtuv
kfiirpoo'Oiv
els
avrov
St
Tts
hi,tp,tpl,(ravro
koX Xa^^jwv
HjiaXov
auTois.
T<3v
KaKovpyuiv
Sua,
to Koxa a
tTTOirjaafjitv 10
ovros S\ ainrrfp
v/ia.'s
;
yivofx.tvo's riSv
iir
dvOpui-
jTov ri -qSiiajcrtv
Jn xix 32
KoX
d,yavaKrT]<Tavrti
avT<3
ineKtvcrav
6avoi,
^(wavi^6iiivo<; dwo-
Hv
IttciSi;
'lovSaiav
iSv,
Koi
iOopv^mvro koX
l^t]'
in
yiypaTrrai [yap]
/cat
awois
||
17X101'
/ui;
SSvat
Jn xix
28, 29
^iri 7re<^ovev/<.V(j).
tis
awajv
elwev IIoTtVaTt
koI
iravra,
koI
irtXtiwirav
Kara t^s
S\
Kf<f>aXrji 20
avriSv
Jn
xviii 3, 6
TO.
dp.apr-qii.ara.
irtpvqp-^ovro
ttoXXoX
re.
t]
p.trd
Xv\V(av
K.vpLOS
vop.il^ovre'S
on
vvi
itrnv,
h-ea-dv
p.ov,
/cai
nal
dvefiorjo'e
p.e.
Xeyaiv
'H 8vvap,Li
dveXyj<j}Ori.
rrj'S
SvvapK,
<3pa?
KariXeixf/di
koI tlmjiv
avrrjs
ItpovtraX-^p,
eU
25
Jn XX
25
Kai Tore
airetj'Trao'av
rail'
1;
^(tipmv
yrj Troo-a
iffiiira
in
ti/t)iiva\ iiriutriaai
jjnfSh
6 &ri iilypBiaaav
iiyibviaav
10
17
iliveiSijffev
15 /ieffeii^pla
16 iBopov^oOvTO
Mue
fors. leg.
Wwe
17 om. ^ip
18 vetpuveviUnf
21
TtpUpxovTO
24
ou'r^i] ot/rii
85
eXafixj/e
tots ^Xios
Mt xxvii
51
tvpe6r]
wpa
rjv
ivaTrj-
i)(a.p7ia-av
Ka(7i T(p
I<o(n]<j>
eiretSij
deacrafievos
5 Kuptoi/
dya6d
etXiycre
eirotijo-ev.
Xa^wv
8e
ritv
IX.ouo"e
xat
crtvSovi
'IwcrijKJi.
Kat
eicnfyayei/
eis
Mc xv 46
j^
^^^
iStov Tai^ov,
KoXovfUvov Krjvov
Tore
ISovTei otov
KaKov cauTOts
iiroirjcrav,
rjp^avTo KOTrTecrdoLi
77
/jptats
Lc
xxiii 48
KOI TO TeXos
(lov
lepov(TaXr]fji,.
iyia
Si
/teroi
t(jv
eraiptav
eXvTTOv/Aijv,
lt,rp'ovfiiBaL
Kai TETpco/icvot
fieOa-
yap
vtt
outiSv
?ri
KaKcnipyoi,
Kai
uSs
kvy]-
i/jLirpfjcraL.
8e toutois Trdcriv
Kai
T^/J.ipa^ ecus
To5 o-ajS/Sarou.
Sc ot -ypa/Ajnareis Kai $apio'aioi Kat
cf.
Jn xx z6
Si'i'aj(6i/Ts
Mt xxvii
irpecr^vTepoi,
irpos
aXXi^Xous,
aKoijo"ovTes
OTt
\aoi
Et Lc xxiii 48
/jbiyicTTa crrj/ieca
yiyovev, iSere
ij/tti/
avTOv
iiri
rpeis
//A[pas],
iXOovrei
\\
ol
ixaOrjToX
avrov
KXix^uMTiv
25
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viroXa^rj
t^/uv
dviarq
Kat
iroiijcTtacnv
Kaxd.
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fji,era
irapaSeStOKtv
a-urots
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Toy
Kat
Kevrvpiiava
Ta^ov
em
to
//.vrjijux.,
t^ 6upa tov
5
(ru'56>'i[i']
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13
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16 eivaxOivres
22 ^vXo^tii
27 aTpwniOTOV
29
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30
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86
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rm ovpavw, Koi
||
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10
tov
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||
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koI
(fiwvyji
vir'
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Pe
iii
19]
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11
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cf.
p.aO'^TpLa TOV
tous 'louSatoDS,
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13
Kai
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Tii/a
jn xx
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I'j,
6 14 om.
Kolirep ixaXovv
^Vis
(cal
17 auVois
Ko^ii/neSa
28
fors. leg.
KXouo-WjUew
88
Mc xvi
5
f.
veaviATKOV KaOitflixevov
tov
Td(j>ov,
PiPX-qiLhiov
riXdwri; rlva
aurats Tt
t,i/]TfLTe;
fx.rj
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TOV
TO-TTOV
yap KOL
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Beiixai (j>vyov.
14
Lcxxiii48
Hv
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tov 10
Tives
k^p\ovTO
eoprfji
7raucra/iEi/rjs.
/cat
8c 01
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Kuptou fKXaiop.iv
Lc xxiv
14
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Jnxxi2f.
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[d]
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15 cm. 6
AnOKAAYYII nETPOY.
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6^
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KatMtxxiv24
xiii
22
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xvii 12
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ix 28
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iSo'vTcs eOa/i^iodrj/jLcv
rd
/icv
yap
Mt
xxviii 3
Kparo 8 TO ipvOpov
e^ijyjfo-ao-^ai
avTw
t<3
\euKm, Kat
i;
ciTrXtos
ou Swa/iot
auTtov ouXr; 5
to kciXXos avTuJv
t yap
ko/ut;
re
7rpo(T<airto
Kai
1;
too"Trcp
tpts
ei/
aept, TOLavrrj
avTiSv
rj
cUTrpcVeta.
Act
iii
II
Trpdi avToi)^,
iejxivriaav,
;
Apoc
vii 13
Ktiptii)
ot
wv
T/^eXiytraTe
Tas
fJi.op<j>a,i
IScti',
<f>rjv
avrm Kat
o) cto-i
ttoi)
to"t
Mc X
30
ecTtr o ataSv ev
5
ij
Kat d Kvpios
eKt
TovTou ToS
Toi'
I
axTtoftv
KaTaXajU.Tro^uei'Oi',
{|
Pet
3,
V 4 avrrjv
dvOovaav
Kai
<l)VT(ov
eiXoyijp.ei/ov 20
<l>ep6vT0)v TocrovTOv Si
^v to av6oi
o5s
Kat
e<^'
jfids eKet-
uev
cf.
<j)epeor6ai.
ot oe otKijTOpes
Mt xxii
Mcxii
30;
25
,,-,
dyyiXiav
X'''P1-
<""''^v57
.-.5v
<4(0Ttv<uv,
a-yyeAoi
,.
8d^a
koi 25
a.vev<jyijp.ovv,
eu<j)paLv6p.evoi
7p,tv
t(3i/
8tKai(ov dv6punr<iiv.
dveS^Si/i'To
KaXu
6 KOK ivdepi,
Teir'Keuiiiiios
^eus
2 XeuKoTepoK
7 uwirep efs
4 TiSv \evKav
7,
8 vapSvffrAxvos
.8
TOtoiJTTjy
13 ^/^un
22 8^
oi(c.] SioiKijTo/aes
ifSeSviiivos
28 dpx^pw]
fors. ipxiepiuv,
uel
dSeX^WK ut supra
REVELATIO PETRI.
6
fiT/pov
icot
ot KoXa^ofjievot
Kat
Mt
xxi 32
Kat
\ijxvq Tis
^v
fieydX-rj 7re7rA.jpo)/Xi/ij
||
20
<l>X.tyoij.evov,
iv
<S
ayyeXot ^curavicrTai.
of. i
'H(7av 8e Kat
dviaripio
aWat
Pet
iii
Ttjjxevai
ot
8e
OT)ft/w.t[p(6ei'Ts]
auTcSv
tu
ju.tdo'/u.aTt
t^s
ek t(uv
15 7ro8c3v [^o-av]
K[pe/.d/xei'0t,
tw
eXeyov
O^K
eirtorevo/Aev eXeijo-co-^at
10
,
Kai
TOiis
^ovcis cySXcTTOv
'
Kat
toiis
cruvct8oTas
ttcttXi?y cf.
Mt
vii
14
20 poifievw
. epTTtTiav
Trovrjpiov,
Kat
jrKiqardOjxevoius
'
SapSalxvis
vrco
tiov
6iyptW
Kivr]'
t^ koXoo-ci
vetfiekai
circKcivTO
8c
avrots
o-kojXijkcs
wcrirtp
Mc ix 44
cf.
o"KOTOvs.
ifftoptScrai
.
,
at
Kai
^cos,
rqv KoXaciv
c
Apoc xvi
25 oiKata o-ou
1
1;
Kpio-is.
7 (Ps. xviii 9)
nXijo'toT' 8e
||
iraXpov TOirdni
3,
I,
aixMPOV
ttocu] ai-xjuipbvriiiv
(T/coXafoi/Tcs
4 t4 ^KSu/io] ivSeSv/jJva
o-u/i/tiKapres]
11 oXXoi
13 aE] ^y
15 TToSwi'
. . .
14
,
/toixeias] /teix'os
poppip[<i>,
]
t4s
18,
16
IXe7oi'
19 (TweurSras airods 22
ffKoXijice!
21 ouVwi
27 cm.
^j
92
REVELATIO PETRI.
Xifivr]
iyCvero eKetfJ^^XP''''"''
Kaxei iKadrfiTO
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e)(ov(TaL
Tov
i;)(<3pa
Kai
aiiTiov
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iratScs
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e^
atupoi Itiktovto
a'u[T(3v
Ka6rjij,voi
iKXaiov Koi
Ttts
rjcrav
Trporjp^^ovTO
<^\oy]S
Kttt
auTat
(raa'ai.
Si
ixTpca-
12
Kai
erepoi
[avSpes]
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ywaiKes
ff>XtyoiJ,fVot,
rjcrav p.expt
tov
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etrOiofJievoL
ra
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ovtoi
oe
i/(rai/
oi
13
Kai
/u.ao-<o/Aevoi
auTtuv ra X^^^V
fhivav crCSfqpov
Act xix 9
lytrav
Kara
01
T^S
SlKatOCTWI/S.
II
14
Apoc
xvi 10
Kai KaravTiKpv
tm
(TTO/jMri- ovtoi 8e
^cav
Tupes.
15
iiff><av
Kat
Kat ywaiKcs
eir'
Jac
ii
avTUv
Ko\a^op.VOf ouTOt Se
ovT(3v ireirot^oTes xat
lyo'av ot
fjit]
aW
toS 6tov.
iritrtnjs
16
Ev
8e erepa
XifX-vrj
p-eyaXy rmrXijpoip.afy
upot
txrai
4
irlaffris]
aiJ
es
Srepoi,
TVpis
xal
6 rjaav apa
12 irapaSlvres
28
wolov
iois.
Trl(r<rris
Kal Oelov
29
/SopjSo/Kj)
dcof^OVTES
REVELATIO PETRI.
Kai yvvatKei
['fxp'-
93
Savt^ovres
yovdrtDV outoi 8e
rjcrav oi
17
/jieyaXov
J
(cat
"yufaiKcs
Karoj,
citto
Kpri/xvov
^p')(ovTo
Kat
||
TraXtv
eirt
eXauvovTO
Kp-qfiMov,
f.TnKafi,ivu)v
avaprjvai avto
toS
cf.
Kat iqa-v^^iav
ijcrav
Apoc. xiv
;
OUK
et;(ov
ot
Rom
^g ^^
f/.m.vavTe's
ra
0"(0/x.aTa
ai 8e
10 aAAiyXats cos
av
avijp
wpos yuvaiKO.
tc3
18
Kat
irapa
Kprqp.v
tKeivif
19
ij pd^Bcrus
Kat
Trap'
EKCtvots
avSpcs
erepoL
kol
yui/atKes
/iiySeTTore
Travofievoi
njs TOtaTJnjs
erepot
KoXocreeos.
20
avSpes
Kat
TraXtv
eyyus
(.KiivuiV
yvvaiKK Kat
i-i/yavt^o/ttei/of
.
<f)\iy6p.evoi
Kat
crTptil>6fi.evoi
kol
Mc vii 8
11,
[icai]
SWw]
ciXXa
6 KaTa<rTp4(poyTo
19
12
ttu/jos
d^^cres] dfpdavTes
preceded our
a.
Uirpov.
vov
afjia TJJ
yg
KpiOijcria-Oai ovtiu's'
'H y^,
Trapa-
OTijcrti iravTas
tu dem
<tvv
iv
rj/jLepa
\ov(Ta KpLveaOai
koL
rm iripU^ovTi
iv. 6,
ovpaviS.
MaKoi
carius
b.
Magnes
Apocritica
avT^
'H y^ ovpava.
^(5 Kpivofievovs
p. 164.
Kpitrcios, fi-eXXovcra,
Ut supra, Op.
8'
cit. iv.
16, p. 185.
2.
Kai
eKcivo
au^ts Xeyei,
Kai
xal Travra
TO auTpa
TTiCTiiTai eos
t^vWa
(T^.
Compare
3.
Isa. xxxiv. 4.
iji-qai
to,
Ppi'^'t
"^"^
iKTtOivTa
n7//.eA.0'ij;)(<ii
jrapa8i'8o(r6a6 ayycXo),
vcj)
KOI eaovTai,
(^ijcriv,
o)s
01
Scriptt.
Tjj
Proph.
xli.
AttokoA-^V" ^f\(ri
T(3v
j3pe(ji<av
Kol
koi
darTpaTTTj
otto
ixeCvtov
95
rmv
yvvauciov.
Clem. Alex.
Cf.
II
of our text.
it
appears to
me
TJj
clear that
it
3)
AvTiKa 6 IleTpos iv
'ATroKaXv\j/a
TO
Ppi<l>T')
/jiOLpai
\cod. Tretpas]"
TaBra dyyiXio
Trjfji,e\ov)(to
irapaSC-
Soa-dai,
/jLovrj^,
iraOovra
a av
"^XV rd
iX,e-
S'
ETtpa
X-a^ovTo.
5 3.
Clem. Alex.
O^ev
ra
Srj
I.e. xlviii.
KOL
TTjp.fXov^oi'S
dyyeXoii,
Kav
ck
juoi^j^Eias (ocri,
yap irapa
tijv yvtap,rjv
di(rjj,ov Tiys
ToSra vapeSiSoTO
;
cvTrapprjcndcTTuii
2ii
to
ovk i<^66vqiTa%
(ftwi-
ovtoi Se
Til's
Eis
OdvaTov
S.
i^eOeVTO,
KaTa<l>povij(ravTe's
ii.
aiji
ivToXij's.
6.
6.
To
Se
yoKa
tSsv
t(Sv pacTTiav
'A'7roKaXv\j/ei,
eis
KoX Trriyvvpevov,
yevin^crei
<j>T](Tiv
UtTpo'S
iv
Trj
Orjpia Xetttoi
crapK0<f>aya,
kol
avaTpe^ovTa
yivecrOai,
ras KoXatrEis
(jyrjcriv,
K Tcov
cos
Sia Tas aynapTi'as iirpdOrj 6 Xa6<s, Koi 8ta n/v eis Xptorov
dTTUTTiav,
<os
(jirjo'h'
p^t
ii
19 6
o 'AirotTToXos,
wo
op.
Clem. Alex.
xlix.
g6
7.
may
probably contain
OS KoXaceis
etcri /Skacrcftrjfiiiiiv,
(jiXvapia^, axo-
6 irpeo-jSviT;?
Toi/
Koa^/jLov
cf.
1.]
(cat
Kokd^(T6ai Kol
TTji
eTTt
Tas yvvaiKai
rj
Swajuetos
TOiJTOts TeTayfiivr)<i,
koI Tto
Sa/x.i/'cuv
Swafitv
Tpiyfiv
17x15 coA.a^i
ras 8ia
k6(tix,ov
TTopvciav opfiwua's.
Clem. Alex.
<?/.
V. xxxix., xl.
The
latter half
of
be joined to
xl.
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