Energy Analysis

Students use graphs of historical data and research historical and societal events to determine and analyze trends in energy.

Grade Level:
n Intermediate n Secondary

Subject Areas:
n n n n

Science Social Studies Math Technology

NEED Mission Statement

The mission of The NEED Project is to promote an energy conscious and educated society by creating effective networks of students, educators, business, government and community leaders to design and deliver objective, multisided energy education programs.

Teacher Advisory Board

Shelly Baumann Rockford, MI Constance Beatty Kankakee, IL Sara Brownell Canyon Country, CA Loree Burroughs Merced, CA Amy Constant Raleigh, NC Joanne Coons Clifton Park, NY Nina Corley Galveston, TX Regina Donour Whitesburg, KY Linda Fonner New Martinsville, WV Samantha Forbes Vienna, VA Emily Hawbaker Aston, PA Viola Henry Thaxton, VA Robert Hodash Bakersfield, CA DaNel Hogan Kuna, ID Greg Holman Paradise, CA Linda Hutton Kitty Hawk, NC Michelle Lamb Buffalo Grove, IL Barbara Lazar Albuquerque, NM Robert Lazar Albuquerque, NM Leslie Lively Reader, WV Mollie Mukhamedov Port St. Lucie, FL Don Pruett Sumner, WA Josh Rubin Palo Alto, CA Joanne Spaziano Cranston, RI Gina Spencer Virginia Beach, VA Tom Spencer Chesapeake, VA Joanne Trombley West Chester, PA Jim Wilkie Long Beach, CA Carolyn Wuest Pensacola, FL Wayne Yonkelowitz Fayetteville, WV

Teacher Advisory Board Statement

In support of NEED, the national Teacher Advisory Board (TAB) is dedicated to developing and promoting standardsbased energy curriculum and training.

Permission to Copy
NEED materials may be reproduced for non-commercial educational purposes.

Energy Data Used in NEED Materials

NEED believes in providing the most recently reported energy data available to our teachers and students. Most statistics and data are derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administrations Annual Energy Review that is published in June of each year. Working in partnership with EIA, NEED includes easy to understand data in our curriculum materials. To do further research, visit the EIA web site at www.eia.gov. EIAs Energy Kids site has great lessons and activities for students at www.eia.gov/kids.

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Energy Analysis

Energy Analysis
Table of Contents
Correlations to National Science Education Standards Teacher Guide Energy Flow Energy Flow Answer Keys Energy Measurements U.S. Energy Data U.S. Energy Timeline Sample Graphs Energy Flow Charts Consumption and Impact Graphs Global Averages Graphs Transportation Graphs Municipal Solid Waste Graphs Evaluation Form 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 14 16 20 21 22 24 27

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Correlations to National Science Education Standards: Grades 5-8

This book has been correlated to National Science Education Content Standards. For correlations to individual state standards, visit www.NEED.org.

Content Standard B | Physical science

Transfer of Energy
Energy is a property of many substances and is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical. Energy is transferred in many ways. Electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical changes are produced.

Content Standard F | science in Personal and social PersPectives

Science and Technology in Society
Societal challenges often inspire questions for scientific research, and social priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding for research. Technology influences society through its products and processes. Technology influences the quality of life and the ways people act and interact. Technological changes are often accompanied by social, political, and economic changes that can be beneficial or detrimental to individuals and to society. Social needs, attitudes, and values influence the direction of technological development.

Correlations to National Science Education Standards: Grades 9-12

Content Standard F | science in Personal and social PersPectives
Natural Resources
Human populations use resources in the environment in order to maintain and improve their existence. Natural resources have been and will continue to be used to maintain human populations. The earth does not have infinite resources; increasing human consumption places severe stress on the natural processes that renew some resources, and it depletes those resources that cannot be renewed. Humans use natural systems as resources. Natural systems have the capacity to reuse waste, but that capacity is limited. Natural systems can change to an extent that exceeds the limits of organisms to adapt naturally or humans to adapt technologically.

Energy Analysis

Teacher Guide
Goal

An inquiry based unit that provides a comprehensive understanding of hydropower and electricity for intermediate students.

To enhance students critical thinking skills by researching and analyzing historical data and events to determine and explain energy trends.

Background
Students practice graphing data, research historical events, and analyze the graphs in this guide and the Energy Information Administrations Energy Perspectives booklet to determine and explain energy trends in the United States during the last 60 years.

Time
Three to five 45-minute class periods plus outside research and homework.

Materials
Energy Perspectives booklet (online at www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/perspectives.cfm) U.S. history textbook as a resource NEEDs Secondary Energy Infobook (individual factsheets are available online at www.NEED.org) Overhead projector

Procedure
Step OnePreparation
1. Familiarize yourself with the activity, the Energy Flow diagram on page 7 (explanation on page 9),

and with the graphs in this booklet and the Energy Perspectives booklet.
2. Make copies of the U.S. Energy Data sheet and U.S. Energy Timeline for each student (pages 10-13). 3. Make copies of the graphs you want the students to analyze from this booklet (pages 14-25) and

the Energy Perspectives booklet. (You can have all of the students use the same graphs and conduct classroom discussions or assign groups of students to different sets of graphs and have them make presentations to the class.)
4. Make copies of the pages you have chosen from NEEDs Secondary Energy Infobook or obtain a class

set of infobooks for the students to use by calling NEED at 1-800-875-5029. Individual factsheets are also available online at www.NEED.org/Energy-Infobooks.
5. Download the Energy Flow 2009 progressive diagram from www.NEED.org and the Sample Graphs

on pages 14-15.

Step TwoIntroduction: Energy Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

1. Introduce the activity by discussing with the students how energy has been used throughout the

history of the United States, the changing energy sources that have been used, the energy sources we use today and the purposes for which they are used, the major historical events that have had an effect on energy, and how the future energy picture might change.
2. Use the Energy Flow masters and explanation to give an overview of energy consumption and

production.
3. Distribute the U.S. Energy Timeline and U.S. Energy Data sheets to the students. 4. Discuss how the students can graphically compare aspects of the data to determine energy trends. 5. Discuss the historical events listed that have significantly affected the energy trends in the U.S. Check

EIAs Energy Kids Energy Timelines for research at www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=timelines.

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Step ThreeGraphing Data

1. Have the students create graphs in class and as homework to answer the following questions: How has per capita consumption of energy changed in the last 60 years? How has the percentage of energy we import from other countries changed in the last 60 years? How has the mix of energy sources changed in the last 60 years in production and consumption, considering fossil fuels, uranium (nuclear) energy, and renewable energy sources? 2. Check the students graphs for accuracy and understanding. Use transparencies of the sample graphs and discuss the answers to the questions.

Step FourAnalyzing Data and Determining Energy Trends (pages 16-25)

1. Explain the assignmentthe students will analyze the information in the graphs, determine the trends that are implied by the information, and research historical events that may have affected or may affect those trends.

Option One: All Students Analyzing the Same Graphs 1. If all of the students are assigned the same graphs, distribute the background information and sets of graphs you have chosen, and have each student write an explanation of the graphs, the trends, and the significant historical events. Allow them to begin the assignment in class and give them several days to complete the assignment as homework. Discuss the assignment upon completion to develop a consensus within the group.

2.

Option Two: Groups of Students Analyzing Different Sets of Graphs 1. If the students are working in groups to analyze different sets of graphs, divide the students into groups and distribute the background information and sets of graphs you have chosen for them to analyze. Explain that each group will prepare a five-minute presentation for the class to explain the graphs, the trends, and the significant historical events. Allow the groups to begin the assignment in class and give them several days to complete the assignment, either as homework or as class work. Monitor group work. Have each group make its presentation. Discuss the assignment upon completion to develop an overall sense of what will happen in the energy sector in the near future and possible events that could have an effect on that direction.

2. 3. 4.

Technology Connection 1. Have the students conduct web-based research and prepare PowerPoint presentations on one aspect of energy and how its use has changed in the last sixty years.

Step FiveEvaluation
1. 2. Evaluate individual and group work according to your own expectations. Evaluate the activity with the students using the Evaluation Form on page 27 and send to NEED.

Energy Analysis

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Energy Flow, 2009

Consumption

Production

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

Coal 21.58Q Exports 6.93Q

Stock Change and Other 1.24Q Petroleum 4.21Q Other Exports 2.72Q Residential 21.21Q

Natural Gas 21.50Q Domestic Production 72.97Q Total Supply 102.75Q

Fossil Fuels 56.86Q

Fossil Fuels 78.37Q

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Crude Oil 11.24Q

Commercial 18.15Q

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Natural Gas Plant Liquids 2.54Q Nuclear Electric Power 8.35Q

Consumption (total demand) 99.30Q

Industrial 28.20Q

Renewable Energy 7.76Q Imports 29.78Q

Petroleum 25.16Q

Nuclear Electric Power Renewable Energy

8.35Q 7.74Q

Transportation 27.03Q

Other Imports 4.62Q

Data: EIA

Energy Flow Answer Keys

Natural Gas FlowFLOW 2009 Chart, NATURAL GAS
Losses and Unaccounted for Stock 14.6 Change 33.7 Exports 59.1 Residential 0.3 Commercial 2.9 Industrial 60.7

Coal Flow Chart, 2009

Nonhydrocarbon Gases Removed 0.69 Repressuring 3.44 Vented and Flared 0.16 Exports 1.00 Extraction Loss 0.94

COAL FLOW CHART

Bituminous Coal 493.7

From Natural Gas Wells 18.88 Gross Withdrawls 26.18 Marketed Production 21.89

Additions to Storage 3.34 Balancing Item 0.38

Residential 4.76

Subbituminous Coal 504.7

Production 1,072.8 Consumption 1,000.4 Electric Power 936.5

Dry Gas Production 20.96 Consumption 22.83

Commercial 3.11

From Crude Oil Wells 5.19 From Coal bed Wells 2.11 Imports 3.75 Supplemental Gaseous Fuels 0.06
Imports 22.6

Industrial 7.4

Transportation 0.67 Electric Power 6.89

Lignite 72.5

Waste Coal Supplied 12.4

Anthracite 1.9

Withdrawals From Storage 2.97

Petroleum Flow Chart, 2009

Other Liquids Product Re ned Supplied Products 0.02 Stock Residential 0.68 Commercial 0.30 Change 0.04 Re ned Products Exports 1.73 Industrial 4.58 Motor Gasoline 8.96

PETROLEUM FLOW CHART

Electricity Flow Chart, 2009

Crude Oil Stock Change 0.12 Crude Oil Exports 0.03

Crude Oil Production 5.31

Coal 18.33Q Conversions Losses 24.61Q Fossil Fuels 26.10Q Energy Consumed To Generate Electricity 38.89Q Natural Gas 7.29Q Petroleum 0.40Q

Crude Oil Supply 14.37

Crude Oil Imports 9.06 Distillated Fuel Oil 3.94 Lique ed Petroleum Gases 1.94

Crude Oil Re nery and Blender Net Inputs 14.65 Re nery and Blender Net Production 17.98

Re nery and Blender Net Inputs 17.01

Plant Use 0.79Q

Petroleum Consumption 19.42 Transportation 13.65

Other Gases 0.09Q Nuclear Electric Power 8.35Q

T & D Losses 1.00Q Gross Generation of Electricity 14.28Q Residential 4.65Q End Use 12.77Q Renewable Energy 4.28Q Other 0.16Q Commercial 4.51Q Industrial 3.01Q Unaccounted for 0.16Q Net Imports of Electricity 0.12Q Transportation 0.03Q Net Generation of Electricity 13.49Q

Crude Oil Adjustments 0.08

Other Liquids Re nery and Blender Net 1.87 NGPL Re nery and Blender Net Inputs 0.49

Jet Feul 1.52 Residual Feul Oil 0.62 Other 2.43

NGPL Processing Direct Use Gain 1.29 0.97 Finished Petroleum Products Adjustments Re ned 0.41 Products Imports 1.53

Energy Analysis

Electric Power 0.21

Data: EIA

Direct Use 0.57Q

Energy Measurements
1 1 1 cal cal Btu = = = Caloriea measure of heat energythe amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. 4.187 joules British thermal unita measure of heat energythe amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. One Btu is approximately the amount of energy released by the burning of one wooden kitchen match. 1,055 joules 252 calories Quad1 quadrillion Btu. Quads are used to measure very large quantities of energy. The U.S. uses one quad of energy about every 3.6 days. 102,700 Btu; approximately the amount of heat energy in one CCF of natural gas. Kilowatt-hourone kilowatt of electricity over one hour. One kilowatt-hour of electricity is the amount of energy it takes to burn a 100 watt light bulb for 10 hours. The average cost of one kilowatt-hour of electricity for residential customers in the U.S. is about twelve cents. 3.6 million joules (3.6 Mj). 3,412 Btu Cubic foota measure of volumeone CF of natural gas contains about 1,027 Btu. One hundred cubic feetone CCF of natural gas contains about one therm of heat energy. One thousand cubic feetone MCF of natural gas for residential consumers costs $12.

1 1 1

Btu Btu Q

= = =

1 1

therm kWh

= =

1 1 1 1 1

kWh kWh CF CCF MCF

= = = = =

Energy Flow Diagram Explanation

The left side of the diagram shows energy production by source (supply) and imports figures for 2009 in the U.S.: The top four on the listcoal, natural gas, crude oil, and NGPLare fossil fuels that provided 56.86 quads of energy. Uranium (nuclear) produced 8.35 quads of energy. Renewables (solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass) produced 7.76 quads of energy. The bottom two show importsmostly crude oil and petroleum products that produced 25.16 quads of energy, while all other imported energy produced 4.62 quads of energy. The adjustment figure is a balancing figure so that both sides of the graph are equal and includes uncounted inputs. The diagram shows that most of 2009 U.S. energy supply came from fossil fuels and that the U.S. imported 29% of its total energy supply. The right side of the diagram shows energy consumption figures by energy source and sector of the economy: The U.S. exported 6.93 quads of energy in 2009. The residential sector (homes) consumed 21.21 quads of energy or 22.4% of total energy consumption. The commercial sector (businesses) consumed 18.15 quads of energy or 19.2% of total energy consumption. The industrial sector (manufacturing) consumed 28.20 quads of energy or 29.8% of total energy consumption. The transportation sector (vehicles) consumed 27.03 quads of energy or 28.6% of total energy consumption.

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U.S. Energy Data

Basic Energy Information
DATE
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006 2009

POPULATION
151,326,000 179,323,000 203,302,000 226,542,000 248,422,000 281,422,000 299,398,000 307,007,000

PRODUCTION (IN QUADS)

35.6 42.8 63.5 67.2 70.7 71.2 71.0 73.0

CONSUMPTION (IN QUADS)

34.6 45.1 67.8 78.3 84.6 98.9 99.9 94.6

Energy Production By Source (in quads)

DATE
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006 2009

COAL
14.1 10.8 14.6 18.6 22.5 22.6 23.8 23.9

NATURAL GAS
6.2 12.7 21.7 19.9 18.3 19.7 19.0 24.0

PROPANE
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.9 1.8 0.9

PETROLEUM
11.9 15.6 21.7 19.1 16.5 12.9 11.4 11.2

URANIUM (NUCLEAR)
0 0 0.2 2.7 6.1 7.9 8.2 8.4

RENEWABLES
3.0 .9 4.1 5.5 6.1 6.2 6.8 7.8

Energy Consumption By Source (in quads)

DATE
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006 2009

COAL
12.3 9.8 12.3 15.4 19.2 22.6 22.6 19.8

NATURAL GAS
6.0 12.4 21.8 20.4 19.7 24.0 21.6 23.4

PROPANE
0.3 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.0

PETROLEUM
13.0 19.3 28.3 33.0 32.4 36.4 38.8 34.5

URANIUM (NUCLEAR)
0 0 0.2 2.7 6.1 7.9 8.2 8.4

RENEWABLES
3.0 2.9 4.1 5.5 6.1 6.2 6.8 7.7

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Energy Analysis

U.S. Energy Timeline

1950 1953 1954 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1960 1961 1965 1965 1969 1970 1970 1971 1973-74 Americans owned 50 million cars; oil surpassed coal as the countrys number one fuel source First atomic reactor to produce power began operation in Idaho Bell Labs invented the first solar cell The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 was passed More Americans traveled by air than by train First load of containers (truck trailers) transported aboard a cargo ship by sea for less than the cost of trucking them over land Shipping port reactor in Pennsylvania was the first nuclear power plant to provide electricity to customers in the U.S. The Jet Age began when airline companies began replacing propeller planes with jet planes; they used kerosene, which was less expensive than gasoline First fuel cell designed to produce electricity from hydrogen and oxygen OPEC - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries established to control oil production First commercial-scale geothermal power plant began operation in California at The Geysers Coal had become the major fuel used by electric utilities in the United States to generate electricity Fuel cells used in the space program Recycling program started for aluminum cans Oil discovered on Alaskas northern slope Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created First waste-to-energy plant began operation Surface mines replaced underground mines as the leading source of coal produced in the United States Arab oil embargo to protest Arab/Israeli War. The OPEC oil embargo focused attention on the energy crisis and resulted in: An increase in demand for U.S. coal Gasoline rationing Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act of 1974, part of a nationwide effort to reduce oil consumption 55 mile per hour speed limits imposed Plastic recycling began plastic bottles replace glass containers Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) created to regulate the nuclear industry Interest in space applications of photovoltaics grew High oil prices increased interest in other energy sources, such as wind energy 1975 1976 1977 1977 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1979 Strategic Petroleum reserve began Electric Vehicle Act enacted Trans-Atlantic oil pipeline opened Department of Energy created The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 enacted to reduce the environmental impact of surface mining, required mines no longer being used to be reclaimed or restored to their natural state Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) created to regulate energy production and transmission Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978 enacted to promote greater use of renewable energy, cogeneration and small power projects Iranian Revolution shut down oil exports Nuclear accident at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania OPEC raised crude oil prices (prices tripled between January 1979 and September 1980) President Carter announced effort to reduce dependence on foreign oil

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1980 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1986 1986 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1992 1992 1993 1997-98 1998 1999 2000 2000 2003 2003 2003 2005 2005 2005

For the first time, nuclear energy generated more electricity than oil in the United States First PV power plant opened in Utah Government price controls end on crude oil and petroleum products now supply and demand set domestic crude prices First solar-thermal power plant opened in California Nuclear replaced hydropower as the second-largest source of electricity in the United States, after coal New cars and light trucks required to meet a Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standard for fuel economy of 27.5 miles per gallon Clean Coal Technology Act passed Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in the former USSR (now Ukraine) OPEC lowered price of crude for first time by increasing production, oil consumption grew quickly while prices remained low Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled 240,000 barrels of crude oil in Alaskas Prince William Sound High efficiency PV cells developed More than 2,200 megawatts of wind energy capacity installed in California more than half of the worlds capacity at the time Clean Air Act Amendments required many changes to gasoline and diesel fuels to make them pollute less Iraq invaded Kuwait causing crude oil price increase Recycling legislation adopted by 15 States President Bush issued Executive Order 12780, which stimulated waste reduction, recycling, and the buying of recycled goods in all Federal agencies Two decades after the first oil embargo, 109 nuclear power plants operating in the U.S. provided about one-fifth of the nations electricity Asian financial crisis has worldwide economic effects - demand for petroleum products declined and oil prices fell Electric utility deregulation began First hybrid electric vehicle, powered by both a rechargeable battery and gasoline, became available in the U.S. Americans owned 220 million cars EPA established a link between global climate change and solid waste management, noting that waste reduction and recycling can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions U.S. sponsored a $1 billion, 10-year demonstration project to create the worlds first coal-based, zero-emissions electricity and hydrogen power plant Invasion of Iraq disrupted crude oil supplies Nations largest-ever power outage left much of the Northeast and parts of Canada without electricity for several days Hurricane Katrina (August) and Rita (September) caused massive damage to U.S. petroleum and natural gas infrastructure In September, U.S. residential natural gas prices were the highest ever recorded, reaching $16.66 per thousand cubic feet Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005: promoted the use of coal through clean coal technologies required increased use of renewable fuels for transportation and new measures to reduce pollution from gasoline and diesel Coal production set a record high with 1.16 billion short tons The U.S. ranked among the top 4 countries in the world for hydroelectric generation, along with China, Canada, and Brazil, generating 44% of the worlds electricity from hydropower
Energy Analysis

2006 2006

12

2008 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011

Oil prices reached new high over $100 per barrel, gasoline prices broke $4.00 per gallon 29 miners killed in an underground explosion at the Upper Big Branch Mine in West Virginia, the worst mining accident in the U.S. since 1972 Explosion and fire occurred on the offshore drilling rig Deepwater Horizon while drilling an exploratory well in the Gulf of Mexico. The accident killed 11 crew members and left oil leaking from the unfinished well into the ocean for months Secretary of the Interior Salazar announced a 6-month hold or moratorium on deep water drilling 33 miners trapped half a mile underground in a mine collapse in northern Chile; after 69 days, everyone was rescued Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami led to the accident and shutdown at Tokyo Electric Power Companys Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant and subsequent outages at other plants. As a result, LNG consumption at power companies in Japan was up 30% in May 2011 compared to May 2010. First offshore wind farm (Cape Wind Project off the coast of Massachusetts) approved in U.S.

2011

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Sample Graphs
U.S. Population vs Energy Consumption
300 120

250
Population (in millions)

100

200

Population Consumption

80

150

60

100

40

50 1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

U.S. Energy Production vs Consumption

100

80

Consumption
Quads

60

Production

40

20

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000
Energy Analysis

14

Consumption (in quads)

Sample Graphs
U.S. Production By Energy Source
60
Fossil Fuels

50
Quads of Energy Produced

40

30 20

10
Renewables

0 1950

Uranium-Nuclear

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

U.S. Consumption By Energy Source

100

Quads of Energy Consumed

80
Fossil Fuels

60

40

20
Renewables

0 1950
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Uranium-Nuclear

1960
P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1970
1.800.875.5029

1980
www.NEED.org

1990

2000

15

16
Losses and Unaccounted for Stock 14.6 Change 33.7 Exports 59.1 Residential 0.3 Commercial 2.9 Industrial 60.7 Production 1,072.8 Consumption 1,000.4 Electric Power 936.5 Waste Coal Supplied 12.4 Imports 22.6

U.S. Coal Flow, 2009

Million Short Tons

COAL FLOW CHART

Bituminous Coal 493.7

Subbituminous Coal 504.7

Lignite 72.5

Anthracite 1.9

Energy Analysis

Production

Consumption

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Trillion Cubic Feet NATURAL GAS FLOW

U.S. Natural Gas Flow, 2009

Nonhydrocarbon Gases Removed 0.69 Repressuring 3.44 Vented and Flared 0.16 Exports 1.00 Extraction Loss 0.94 Additions to Storage 3.34 Balancing Item 0.38

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From Natural Gas Wells 18.88 Marketed Production 21.89 Dry Gas Production 20.96 Consumption 22.83

Residential 4.76

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Gross Withdrawls 26.18

Commercial 3.11

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From Crude Oil Wells 5.19 Imports 3.75 Supplemental Gaseous Fuels 0.06 Withdrawals From Storage 2.97

Industrial 7.4

From Coal bed Wells 2.11

Transportation 0.67 Electric Power 6.89

Production

Consumption

17

18
Crude Oil Stock Change 0.12 Crude Oil Exports 0.03 Change 0.04 Re ned Products Exports 1.73 Other Liquids Product Re ned Supplied Products 0.02 Stock Residential 0.68 Commercial 0.30 Industrial 4.58 Crude Oil Re nery and Blender Net Inputs 14.65 Re nery and Blender Net Inputs 17.01 Re nery and Blender Net Production 17.98 Motor Gasoline 8.96 Distillated Fuel Oil 3.94 Lique ed Petroleum Gases 1.94 Jet Feul 1.52 Residual Feul Oil 0.62 Other 2.43 Petroleum Consumption 19.42 Transportation 13.65 NGPL Processing Direct Use Gain 1.29 0.97 Finished Petroleum Products Adjustments Re ned 0.41 Products Imports 1.53 Electric Power 0.21

U.S. Petroleum Flow, 2009

Million Barrels Per Day

PETROLEUM FLOW CHART

Crude Oil Production 5.31

Crude Oil Supply 14.37

Crude Oil Imports 9.06

Crude Oil Adjustments 0.08

Other Liquids Re nery and Blender Net 1.87 NGPL Re nery and Blender Net Inputs 0.49

Energy Analysis

Production

Consumption

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U.S. Electricity Flow, 2009

Quadrillion Btu

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Coal 18.33Q Conversions Losses 24.61Q

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Fossil Fuels 26.10Q Energy Consumed To Generate Electricity 38.89Q

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Natural Gas 7.29Q Petroleum 0.40Q

Plant Use 0.79Q T & D Losses 1.00Q Gross Generation of Electricity 14.28Q Residential 4.65Q End Use 12.77Q Commercial 4.51Q Industrial 3.01Q

Other Gases 0.09Q

Nuclear Electric Power 8.35Q

Net Generation of Electricity 13.49Q

Renewable Energy 4.28Q

Other 0.16Q

Unaccounted for 0.16Q Net Imports of Electricity 0.12Q

Data: EIA

Transportation 0.03Q Direct Use 0.57Q

Production

Consumption

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Consumption and Impact

Fossil Fuel Consumption
80
Consumption (gigabarrel oil equivalent)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Carbon Dioxide Level

400 375
Carbon Dioxide Level (ppm)

350 325 300 275 250 1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

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Energy Analysis

Global Averages
Global Average Temperature
58.1 57.9 57.7
Average Temperature (F)

57.5 57.3 57.1 56.9 56.7 56.5 56.3 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Global Average Sea Level

50

Di erence from 1861-1990 (mm)

-50

-100

-150

1850

1900

1950

2000

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Transportation
Transportation Sector Consumption
25

Energy Consumption in Quads

20

15

10

5 1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

Number of Vehicles
150

120

Millions

90

60

30

0 1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

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Energy Analysis

Motor Vehicles
Motor Vehicle Mileage
25

Miles per Vehicle in thousands

20

15
Trucks
Picku Vans, ps SU Vs*

10
Passenger Cars

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

*Included in Trucks until 1970

Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy

25

20

Miles per Gallon

15

Passenger Cars

u Vans, Pick

ps SUVs*

10

Trucks

5 1950
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1960
P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1970
1.800.875.5029

1980
www.NEED.org

1990

2000

*Included in Trucks until 1970

23

Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Recycling

Municipal Solid Waste Generation Rates from 1960 to 2002
250
Total MSW Generation (million tons)

10
Per Capita MSW Generation (pounds/person/day) Percent of MSW Generation Recycled

200

150

100

50 1960

2
1970 1980
Total MSW Generation

1990
Per Capita Generation

2002

Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Rates from 1960 to 2002

80 70
Total MSW Recycled (million tons)
68.0 40

60 50 40 30 20 10 0
6.4% 5.6 6.6% 8.0 16.2% 14.5 9.6% 10 29.7% 33.2 20 30

1960

1970

1980
Total MSW Generation

1990
Per Capita Generation

2002
Energy Analysis

24

Waste
Waste Generated by Weight
Aluminum Rubber & Leather Textiles Other Materials Glass Wood Steel Plastics Food Scraps Yard Trimmings Paper & Paperboard
0 20 40 60 80 100

Million Tons

Percentage of Waste Recovered By Weight

Aluminum Rubber & Leather Textiles Other Materials Glass Wood Steel Plastics Food Scraps Yard Trimmings Paper & Paperboard
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Percentage Recovered

2011 The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

25

B L A N K

P A G E

26

Energy Analysis

Energy Analysis Evaluation Form

State: ___________ Grade Level: ___________ Number of Students: __________
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No

1. Did you conduct the entire activity? 2. Were the instructions clear and easy to follow? 3. Did the activity meet your academic objectives? 4. Was the activity age appropriate? 5. Were the allotted times sufficient to conduct the activity? 6. Was the activity easy to use? 7. Was the preparation required acceptable for the activity? 8. Were the students interested and motivated? 9. Was the energy knowledge content age appropriate? 10. Would you teach this activity again? Please explain any no statement below. How would you rate the unit overall? How would your students rate the unit overall? excellent excellent

good good

fair fair

poor poor

What would make the unit more useful to you?

Other Comments:

Please fax or mail to: The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101 Manassas, VA 20108 FAX: 1-800-847-1820

2011 The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

27

NEED National Sponsors and Partners

American Association of Blacks in Energy American Chemistry Council American Electric Power American Electric Power Foundation American Solar Energy Society American Wind Energy Association Appalachian Regional Commission Areva Arkansas Energy Office Armstrong Energy Corporation Association of Desk & Derrick Clubs Robert L. Bayless, Producer, LLC BP BP Alaska C&E Operators Cape and Islands Self Reliance Cape Cod Cooperative Extension Cape Light CompactMassachusetts L.J. and Wilma Carr Central Virginia Community College Chevron Chevron Energy Solutions ComEd ConEd Solutions ConocoPhillips Council on Foreign Relations CPS Energy Dart Foundation David Petroleum Corporation Desk and Derrick of Roswell, NM Dominion Dominion Foundation DTE Energy Foundation Duke Energy East Kentucky Power El Paso Foundation E.M.G. Oil Properties Encana Encana Cares Foundation Energy Education for Michigan Energy Training Solutions Energy Solutions Foundation Entergy Equitable Resources First Roswell Company Foundation for Environmental Education FPL The Franklin Institute GenOn EnergyCalifornia Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority Government of ThailandEnergy Ministry Guam Energy Office Gulf Power Halliburton Foundation Hawaii Energy Gerald Harrington, Geologist Houston Museum of Natural Science Hydro Research Foundation Idaho Department of Education Idaho National Laboratory Illinois Clean Energy Community Foundation Independent Petroleum Association of America Independent Petroleum Association of New Mexico Indiana Michigan Power Interstate Renewable Energy Council iStemIdaho STEM Education Kansas City Power and Light KBR Kentucky Clean Fuels Coalition Kentucky Department of Education Kentucky Department of Energy Development and Independence Kentucky Oil and Gas Association Kentucky Propane Education and Research Council Kentucky River Properties LLC Kentucky Utilities Company Lenfest Foundation Littler Mendelson Llano Land and Exploration Los Alamos National Laboratory Louisville Gas and Electric Company Maine Energy Education Project Maine Public Service Company Marianas Islands Energy Office Massachusetts Division of Energy Resources Lee Matherne Family Foundation Michigan Oil and Gas Producers Education Foundation Midwest Energy Cooperative Mississippi Development AuthorityEnergy Division Montana Energy Education Council The Mosaic Company NADA Scientific NASA National Association of State Energy Officials National Fuel National Grid National Hydropower Association National Ocean Industries Association National Renewable Energy Laboratory Nebraska Public Power District New Mexico Oil Corporation New Mexico Landmans Association New Orleans Solar Schools Initiative New York Power Authority NSTAR Offshore Energy Center Offshore Technology Conference Ohio Energy Project Pacific Gas and Electric Company PECO Petroleum Equipment Suppliers Association PNM Puerto Rico Energy Affairs Administration Puget Sound Energy Rhode Island Office of Energy Resources RiverWorks Discovery Roswell Climate Change Committee Roswell Geological Society Sacramento Municipal Utility District Schneider Electric Science Museum of Virginia C.T. Seaver Trust Shell Snohomish County Public Utility DistrictWA Society of Petroleum Engineers SolarWorld USA David Sorenson Southern Company Southern LNG Southwest Gas Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of California Berkeley Tennessee Department of Economic and Community DevelopmentEnergy Division Tennessee Valley Authority Toyota TXU Energy United States Energy Association University of NevadaLas Vegas, NV U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of EnergyHydrogen Program U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Fossil Energy U.S. Department of EnergyWind for Schools U.S. Department of EnergyWind Powering America U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management U.S. Department of the InteriorBureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement U.S. Energy Information Administration U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Van Ness Feldman Virgin Islands Energy Office Virginia Department of Education Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy Walmart Foundation Washington and Lee University Western Kentucky Science Alliance W. Plack Carr Company Yates Petroleum Corporation

2011 The NEED Project P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, 20108 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 2011 The NEED Project P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA VA 201081.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org