Regulator Sizing

- 107 -
REGULATOR SIZING
REGULATOR
SIZING
The capacities contained in this bulletin are based on a specific

level of performance by the regulator. The measure of performance is accuracy of regulation, also known as offset or deviation.
Each table is appended with a footnote indicating the accuracy
of regulation obtainable at the rated capacities listed.
Pertinent terms involved in the determination of accuracy of
regulation and rated capacity are defined as follows:
* REGULATED VARIABLE is the controlled condition of the
fluid either (1) flowing through a regulator or (2) in a process
served by a regulator. Reduced pressure, back pressure and
differential pressure are the typical regulated variables to be
dealt with in this instance. Other cases, such as vapor pressure
produced by a steam-heated vapor generator, will be found.
* MINIMUM CONTROLLED FLOW is the lowest flow at which
a steady condition of fluid pressure can be maintained. Any
further reduction of flow produces a noticeable deviation of the
regulated pressure toward dead-end shut off. For convenience,
minimum controlled flow is often considered as being at 5% of

rated capacity.
* SET POINT is the value of the regulated pressure at minimum
controlled flow.
* RATED CAPACITY of a pressure regulator pertains to specified
inlet and outlet conditions and is the rate of flow through the
regulator, guaranteed by the manufacturer, when the regulated
pressure deviates no more than a specified number of psi from
the set pressure at minimum controlled flow.
* ACCURACY OF REGULATION is the amount by which the
regulated pressure deviates from set point at minimum
controlled flow as the flow through the regulator is gradually
increased from minimum to rated capacity.
* LOCK-UP is the increase from set value due to dead end shut-off.
* Adapted from Definitions of Regulator Capacities, Standard
No. FCI 58-1, published by Fluid Controls Institute, Inc.
50
REDUCED PRESSURE - psi
SIZING MAIN VALVES
DEFINITIONS RELATING TO REGULATOR CAPACITY
TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE

SPENCE TYPE ED
INLET PRESSURE 100 psi
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
70
60
50
80
90
100
110
FLOW - PERCENT
TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE
NOTES
The performance characteristic of a Spence Pressure Regulator

is shown above. Using this curve to illustrate several terms of
reference, the following facts are evident:
REGULATED VARIABLE
REDUCED PRESSURE
Minimum Controlled Flow4%

Set Point 25.0
Reduced Pressure at Rated (100%) Flow 22.5 psi
Accuracy of Regulation, psi 2.5 psi
Accuracy of Regulation, % of set pressure 10%
The slight slope of the curve establishes a definite relationship

between flow and regulated pressure. Note that 1 psi accuracy
of regulation is obtainable at 95% of rated flow.
For back pressure regulation, or differential where the regulator
opens on increasing differential, the characteristic curve would lie
opposite to that shown. It would slope upward with flow increase
because a positive deviation is required to cancel valve opening.
ON
USE
OF
TABLES
The lowest reduced pressures are approximate critical pressures.

No appreciable increase in flow can be obtained at lower pressures.
Downstream pipe size should be enlarged at regulator outlet to
approximately equalize pipe velocities before and after the
reduction. The Steam Capacity Tables are useful for determining
steam pipe sizes and regulator size at any desired lower velocity
level.
Reduced SeatsSpence Regulators are available with a choice
of seat sizes called Full and Normal Ports. There is a capacity
table for each port with standard plugs. The Cv Valve Coefficients
shown on the back page, indicate where 75% and 50%
parabolic plugs are available. For a given pressure drop, rated
flows with various ports and plugs in the same size body may be
compared. Thus, valve and port size may be selected to limit
velocities entering and leaving the regulator. Lower velocities
mean a greater proportion of the pressure drop occurs at the
valve seat, where it belongs, rather than in the body outlet and
connected piping.
Capacity ratings apply to Spence Regulators with Type D, N and
Q Pilots which are spring loaded and have 31/2 inch diaphragms.
Other pilots having greater or lesser sensitivity will provide
proportionally greater or less accuracy of regulation.
- 108 -
A. PLANNING THE INSTALLATION

1. Locate the valve in a straight run of horizontal pipe. See Fig. 1.
2. Allow headroom above the valve for access through the blind
flange. Provide clearance for stem withdrawal underneath.
3. Prevent water hammer and erratic operation by installing
traps to provide proper drainage before and after the valve,
and before secondary PRV or control valve.
4. Avoid damaging affects of scale and dirt in pipe lines by
using a strainer as shown in Fig. 1 .
5. Provide a 3-valve by-pass to facilitate inspection without
interrupting service.
6. To eliminate excessive noise and erratic regulation with
steam and other compressible fluids enlarge the delivery
pipe size to effect a reasonable flow velocity at the reduced
pressure. A tapered transition is recommended. If possible,
avoid a sharp turn close to the regulator outlet and a bullheaded tee connection to the low pressure main.
7. Install initial and delivery pressure gauges to indicate
performance. If the pressure rating of the delivery system or
connected equipment is less than the initial steam pressure,
provide a safety valve.
B. CONTROL PIPE
1. Use 1/4 pipe for this line which connects the pilot diaphragm
chamber to the desired point of pressure control. See Fig. 1.
2. Take the control at a point of minimum turbulence. Avoid
control immediately at the valve outlet or after a turn. When
the delivery pipe expands in size select a spot at least 4 pipe
diameters beyond the point of enlargement.
3. Pitch away from pilot to avoid erratic operation and fouling.
Eliminate water pockets.
4. Locate delivery pressure gauge in control pipe to show
pressure actually reaching pilot diaphragm.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Inlet Pipe
Isolation Valve
Strainer
PRV Type
Bypass Pipe
Bypass Valve
C. DESIGN GUIDELINES TO MINIMIZE NOISE

1. Size the regulator to provide a maximum inlet velocity of
about 10,000 FPM.
2. Determine the regulator outlet velocity. if it would exceed
30,000 FPM, use a Spence muffling orifice or a second stage
regulator.
3 Expand regulator outlet piping to limit discharge line velocity
to about 10,000 FPM.
4. Avoid abrupt changes in pipe size. Limit pipe diameter
changes to two pipe sizes per stage of expansion. Do not
use eccentric reducers.
5. Directional changes in downstream piping should be made
only after the line size has been increased. Use long radius
fittings; avoid bull-head tee connection.
6. Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of
regulator as possible:
a - 10 pipe diameters minimum to the inlet.
b - 20 pipe diameters minimum of expanded line size from
the outlet.
7. Size all piping components, including strainer and stop valves
for a maximum flow velocity of about 10,000 FPM (Exception:
An outlet stop valve mounted at the regulator outlet should
be equal in size to the regulator). In areas where low sound
levels are specified, reduce this limit by 25% to 50%.
8. To limit noise transmission through the buildings structure.
keep the regulator and piping at least 3 feet away from solid
surfaces. Use sound-isolating piping supports.
9. Apply high density insulation to the regulator body, piping and
system components. Insulation reduces heat loss significantly
and can provide moderate (3-6 dB) local noise attenuation.
10. Use a Spence noise suppressor to reduce the propagation
of noise via the downstream piping.
7. Delivery Pipe
8. SRV Type
9. Drip Pan Elbow
10. Vent Stack
11. Low Pressure Trap
12. High Pressure Trap
10
Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of regulator as possible:

10 pipe diameters minimum to the inlet.
20 pipe diameters minimum of expanded line size from the outlet.
9
1
6
10 d1
2
7
20 d2
d1
d2
Min. 4 d2
11
12
- 109 -
PLANNING MAIN
VALVE INSTALLATION
PLANNING MAIN VALVE INSTALLATION
RULES FOR MAIN

VALVE SELECTION
RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION

When you select a Main Valve, your sizing can be based on
one of three methods. They are:
ECONOMICAL MAIN VALVE

Economical Main Valve Selection is choosing a regulator that
has the line size and rough capacity to handle the load. No
consideration is given to velocities or noise. If you are
interested in an economical selection, select a regulator type
for your application, then go to the Capacity Tables and select
the size that will provide you with the capacity needed.
ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE

Engineered Main Valve Selection takes into consideration the
inlet and outlet velocities of the regulator, It will limit these
velocities to acceptable standards. See Pressure Reducing
Station Design Guidelines on the following pages for details. If
you are interested in an engineered selection, select a regulator
RULES
FOR
type for your application, and then to the Capacity Tables and
select the size that will provide you with the capacity needed.
Verify that the velocities fall within the guidelines by consulting
the Velocity Charts in this Section.
ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE WITH NOISE SUPPRESSION

Engineered Main Valve Selection with Noise Suppression
considers both velocity and noise suppression in the selection
of the regulator. For this selection, it is recommended that you
contact your local Spence Technical Sales Representative who
can provide you with a computer generated solution.
SELECTING A REGULATOR TYPE

The following rules should be used to help you to determine
the type of regulator that you should use. You should consult
the Product Pages, Velocity Tables and Capacity Tables for
additional information on your selection.
MAIN VALVE SELECTIONSTEAM SERVICE
Together with the following rules, reference should be made to the Main Valve Specification Table or individual Product Pages for
maximum initial pressures and temperatures and minimum differentialsfor the several types of Main Valve. For pressure reduction
where fast response time is important, but capacity and accuracy are not critical, select D50 DIRECT OPERATED REGULATOR.
EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE

RULE 1. For Initial Pressures exceeding 15 psi:
(a) TYPE E Select when the Delivery Pressure is less than
75% of Initial Pressure. For Differential Pressures of 15-50
psi, specify optional LP Spring (10 psi minimum Differential Pressure is attainable by adding optional fittings).
RULES
FOR
(b) TYPE E5 Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75%

to 96%of Initial Pressure.
RULE 2. For Initial Pressures less than 15 psi:
(a) TYPE E2 Select when Initial Pressure is less than 15 psi.
MAIN VALVE SELECTIONAIR SERVICE
Together with the following rules, reference should be made to the Main Valve Specification Table or individual Product Pages for
maximum initial pressures and temperatures and minimum differentialsfor the several types of Main Valve.For pressure reduction
where fast response time is important, but capacity and accuracy are not critical, select D50 DIRECT OPERATED REGULATOR.
EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE

RULE 1. For Initial Pressures exceeding 15 psi:
(a) TYPE E Select when the Delivery Pressure is less than
75% of Initial Pressure. For Differential Pressures of 15-50
psi, specify optional LP Spring (10 psi minimum Differential Pressure is attainable by adding optional fittings).
RULES
FOR
(b) TYPE E6 Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75%

(c) TYPE E5 Select when the Delivery Pressure is 93%
RULE 2. For Initial Pressures less than 15 psi:
(a) TYPE E2 Select when Initial Pressure is less than 15 psi.
MAIN VALVE SELECTIONWATER SERVICE
Pilot Operated Regulators are not uniformly successful in liquid pressure reducing service unless the delivery system has unusual
cushioning such as afforded by an elevated tank or large air chamber.
WATER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

The TYPE D34 DIRECT OPERATED VALVE was developed
for application on rapidly changing and intermittent flow to an
inflexible system.
RULE 1. Select TYPE D34 DIRECT OPERATED VALVE for
pressure reducing service.
FOR PILOT OPERATED WATER REGULATORS

When a pilot operated regulator is required the following rules
for the selection of a main valve govern:
RULE 2. When pressure drop across valve exceeds 10 psi:
(a) TYPE C34 -Select for all normal requirements.
(b) TYPE E6 with Dashpot-Select where high lift is desired

or special flow requirements encountered.
RULE 3. When pressure drop across valve is between 5 and
10 psi:
(a) TYPE E5 - Select for pressure drops not less than 5 psi.
(b) TYPE E6 with Dashpot-Select if auxiliary operation is
possible.
Together with the above rules, reference should be made to
the Main Valve Specification Table for maximum initial pressures and temperatures and minimum differentials for the
several types of Main Valves.
- 110 -
FORMULA KEY
A
Cv
EDR
F
ft
G
P
P1
P2
Pc
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
PS =
Area of Pipe in (inches)2

Valve Coefficient
Equivalent Direct Radiation (Sq. Ft.)
Pipe Area Factor (see Pipe Factors Table)
Feet
Specific Gravity
Pressure Drop,P1 P2 psi
Inlet Pressure, psia (psi + 14.7)
Reduced Pressure, psia (psi + 14.7)
Pressure at Thermodynamic Critical Point,
psia (water = 3206 psia)
P1 Pv when P2 > Pv
P ) P when P < P
P
q = Liquid Flow Rate, U.S. gpm
PS = P1 (.96 .28
Q = Flow Rate, SCFH

T = Absolute T (T + 460)R
TSH = Steam Superheat (F) =
Total Steam Temp. Saturated Steam Temp.
v
V
W
Ws
Pv = Vapor Pressure, psia
=
=
=
=
Specific Volume FT3/#

Velocity, FPM
Steam Flow, #/Hr.
Flow, #/Hr. Superheated Steam
To avoid interpolation or solve problems beyond the scope of the table, valve sizes may be determined by calculation as follows:
Cv
LOADS
SUBCRITICAL
SATURATED
STEAM:
CRITICAL
P2 > .58 P1
W
Cv=
2.1 P (P1 + P2)
P2 < .58 P1
W
1.71 P1
Cv=
P2 > .55 P1
SUPERHEATED
STEAM:
Cv= W (1 + .0007TSH)
P2 > .5 P1
Q
Cv= 963
P (PGT P )
1+
Cv=
ABSORPTION W = 16-20 #/Hr./Ton-Hr.

STM. ATOM
Cv=
.93q
W = 0.1 #/Hr./#Oil
VELOCITY
P2 < P1 .85 PS
PG
RADIATION
Q GT
834 P1
Cv=
P2 > P1 .85 PS
LIQUID:
AIR
P2 < .5 P1
GPM X Temp. Rise (F)

2
GPM
W=
X Temp. Rise (F)
4
W = CFM X Temp. Rise (F)
900
2
f
EDR
W=
4
W=
FUEL OIL
P2 < .55 P1
W
(1
+ .0007TSH)
Cv=
1.75 P1
2.1 P (P1 + P2)
GAS:
WATER
PG
STEAM
V = 2.4
Wv
A
PIPE FACTORS
FOR STANDARD
(SCHEDULE 40) PIPE
SIZE
FLOW
STEAM
/8
/
3/8
1
/2
3/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
14
W = .0433 x V x F
AIR & GASES Q = .0259 x V x F x P1

T
LIQUIDS
q = .0054 x V x F
- 111 -
FACTOR
SIZE
FACTOR
.55
1.0
1.8
2.9
5.1
8.3
14
20
32
46
71
95
122
192
278
481
758
1076
1301
1699
2151
2673
3 /2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
VALVE SIZING BY
COMPUTATION
VALVE SIZING BY COMPUTATION
PRESSURE STATION
DESIGN GUIDELINES
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

I. SINGLE STAGE PRESSURE REGULATOR
A. When intermediate steam pressure is required.
1. When to use single stage regulator:
B. When concerned with PRV generated noise, use two

stage station when specific volume ratio, outlet to inlet, is
greater than 3 to 1, unless manufacturer offers
assurance or other means of meeting noise specification.
A. When load turndown requirement is generally no greater

than 10:1.
B. When ratio of specific volume of steam, outlet to inlet, is
no greater than 3 to 1.
C. When complying with Power Piping Code ANSI B31.11986, which reads, in part, in district heating and steam
distribution systems where the steam pressure does not
exceed 400 psi (2758 kPa) and where the use of relief
valves and vent piping are not feasible, two or more
pressure reducing valves may be installed in series, each
set at or below the safe working pressure of equipment
served and no relief valve is required.
C. When only one reduced steam pressure level is

required.
II. PARALLEL PRESSURE REGULATORS

1. When to use parallel pressure regulator stations:
A. When maximum specified capacity requires selection of
a pressure regulator greater than 12 inch pipe size. (It
may be more economical to install two smaller valves
than one very large one.)
IV. TWO STAGE

PARALLEL PRESSURE REGULATORS
1. Whenever any condition from II and any condition from III
applies.
B. When normal conditions require operation at 10% or

less of specified maximum capacity for sustained
periods.
SPACE CONSIDERATIONS FOR REDUCING STATIONS
C. When there are two distinct load requirements; i.e.,

summer/winter operation.
1. Following are rules of thumb for approximating space

requirements for installing reducing stations:
2. When to use a pneumatically operated parallel pressure

regulator station:
A. Single stage (with or without noise suppressors)

Inlet side: ten (10) diameters of PRV pipe size
A. When the combined accuracy of regulation of

mechanically operated controls is unacceptable.
Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where

final pipe size is determined on the basis of 10,000 fpm
line velocity.
For Spence mechanically operated regulators normal

sizing/selection results in accuracy of regulation of
approximately 5% of set pressure. Combined accuracy
of regulation of mechanically operated parallel installed
regulators is approximately 10% of set pressure.
B. Two stage
Inlet side of primary: ten (10) diameters of PRV pipe size.
Intermediate: twenty (20) diameters of secondary PRV pipe
size.
Pneumatically operated regulators equipped with reset

maintain set point within 1% for all sustained flows.
III. TWO STAGE PRESSURE REGULATORS
Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where

final pipe size is determined on the basis of 10,000 fpm
line velocity.
1. When to use two stage pressure regulator stations:
C. Two stage with muffling orifice; same as A above.
Primary PRV requires optional base bypass and 1/8" bleedport.
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION GENERAL SPECIFICATION

D.Unions shall be used on either side of screwed end bypass valve and pressure regulator to facilitate removal.
A.Pressure Reducing Station shall consist of:

-
pressure regulator
inlet strainer
inlet and outlet stop valves (gate type)
by-pass valve (globe type)
trap at inlet to pressure regulator
pressure gauges on inlet and outlet of station
pressure relief valve downstream of regulator
E. Pressure regulators 2-1/2 and larger shall have flanged

ends and be suitable for pressure and temperature
specified.
F. Limit pressure regulator inlet velocity to:
Up to and including 2
2 1/2 thru 8
Above 8
B.Stop valves and strainer shall be at least pressure regulator size

C.Expand pressure regulator outlet pipe size to obtain
discharge line velocity which will not exceed:
2 1/2 up to 8
Above 8
15,000 FPM
10,000 FPM
8,000 FPM
Regulator outlet velocity shall be limited to:

2 1/ 2 up to 8
Above 8
45,000 FPM
30,000 FPM
24,000 FPM
15,000 FPM
10,000 FPM
8,000 FPM
G.Regulator sound pressure level while operating at specified

maximum capacity shall not exceed 90 dbA as measured
at a point three feet downstream and three feet from
uninsulated pipe surface.
H.Pressure regulator capacity shall not be greater than 120 of
specified maximum capacity.
I. For details of safety valve sizing and installation, please
refer to the latest National Board Inspection Code and
ANSI B31.1 Code.
- 112 -
- 113 -
12
22
39
58
76
125
189
316
38
12
/4
11/4
11/2
21/2
10
12
474
283
187
114
87
59
33
18
631
377
249
151
115
78
43
24
17.6
14.6
10.4
7.5
4.8
1.5
.65
557
353
222
124
85
55
37
22
15.5
9.9
7.0
4.4
2.7
1.4
835
530
333
186
127
82
56
33
23.3
14.8
10.6
6.6
4.0
2.1
1113
706
444
248
169
109
74
44
31
19.8
14.1
8.8
5.4
2.8
1.5
Full
1118
748
465
255
202
143
96
68
44
27.4
18.9
11.7
7.6
E2
952
525
366
228
176
120
59
35
25
19.8
13.4
10.0
5.7
1611
1018
665
350
258
159
95
67
43
27.4
18.9
11.7
7.6
Normal Full
E5,E6
196
139
86
53
36
24
17.3
12.5
5.5
C34
.32
.32
.25
The Parabolic Discs given in the above table are designed to:
a) Improve performance at minimum flows by improving stability over wide flow ranges.
b) Provide easy field conversion to obtain a substantial increase or decrease in regulator Cv to meet system load requirements.
c) Facilitate selection of smaller size safety relief valves.
d) Size more precisely to the required Cv, thereby eliminating one of the most frequent causes of poor performance.
75% AND 50% REDUCED TRIM (Parabolic)
/4
E
Valve
Size Normal Normal Normal Full Full
50% 75%
50% 75%
REGULATOR Cv DATA
118
84
52
32
21.6
14.4
10.4
7.5
3.3
60%
D34
60
37.5
20.8
14.3
9.2
5.3
50%
N6
17.2
15.1
14.3
9.15
6.85
.4-5.22
Series
2000
REGULATOR
Cv DATA
10.8
10.1
5.0
4.9
3.3
2.2
D50
SATURATED STEAM
FLOW TABLE
SATURATED STEAM FLOW TABLE (LB/HR)

Based on Schedule 40 Pipe
SIZES 1/4" THROUGH 2"

VEL., FPM
PRESS.
(PSIG)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
REGULATOR or PIPE SIZE (inches)

1
/4
23
51
73
97
120
142
164
186
208
251
293
336
377
420
461
503
607
710
813
916
1121
1336
3/8
43
93
134
178
220
260
301
341
381
460
538
616
692
770
846
922
1113
1302
1491
1680
2057
2452
1/2
68
148
213
284
350
415
479
543
607
732
857
981
1102
1225
1347
1468
1771
2072
2374
2675
3274
3902
3/4
120
260
373
498
613
728
841
953
1065
1285
1504
1721
1934
2150
2364
2577
3108
3636
4166
4694
5746
6848
1
195
422
605
807
994
1179
1363
1545
1726
2083
2437
2789
3134
3485
3831
4176
5037
5893
6752
7608
9313
11099
11/4
337
730
1046
1396
1720
2041
2359
2673
2987
3605
4217
4827
5424
6031
6630
7228
8718
10198
11685
13166
16118
19209
11/2
458
994
1424
1900
2342
2778
3210
3639
4065
4906
5740
6570
7383
8209
9024
9838
11866
13881
15905
17921
21938
26145
2
755
1638
2348
3132
3860
4579
5292
5998
6700
8087
9461
10829
12170
13531
14874
16216
19558
22879
26216
29539
36160
43094
30000
30000
30000
30000
24000
24000
10
9466
20524
29424
39256
48374
57390
66320
75171
83977
101355
118578
135722
152523
169579
186417
203233
245117
286743
328560
370208
453186
540098
12
13437
29134
41767
55723
68666
81464
94139
106703
119203
143871
168318
192653
216502
240713
264614
288484
347938
407024
466382
525501
643286
766655

VEL., FPM
PRESS.
(PSIG)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
30000
30000
21/2
718
1558
2233
2979
3671
4356
5033
5705
6373
7692
9000
10301
11576
12870
14148
15424
18603
21763
24936
28097
34395
40991
3
1109
2405
3448
4600
5669
6725
7772
8809
9841
11878
13896
15905
17874
19873
21846
23817
28725
33603
38503
43384
53108
63293
4
1910
4142
5938
7922
9762
11581
13383
15170
16947
20454
23929
27389
30779
34221
37619
41012
49465
57865
66303
74708
91453
108992
5
3002
6509
9331
12449
15341
18200
21032
23839
26632
32143
37605
43042
48370
53779
59119
64452
77735
90936
104197
117405
143720
171283
- 114 -
6
4335
9399
13475
17978
22154
26283
30372
34426
38459
46418
54305
62156
69851
77662
85373
93074
112256
131319
150470
169544
207545
247348
8
7507
16276
23334
31131
38362
45512
52594
59613
66596
80378
94036
107631
120955
134481
147834
161169
194385
227395
260557
293586
359389
428313
Based on Schedule 40 Pipe

VEL., FPM
PRESS.
(PSIG)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
400
500
600
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
10000
10000
10000

3/8
14
31
45
59
73
87
100
114
127
153
179
205
231
257
282
307
371
434
497
560
686
817
1065
1326
1591
1/2
23
49
71
95
117
138
160
181
202
244
286
327
367
408
449
489
590
691
791
892
1091
1301
1696
2110
2532
3/4
40
87
124
166
204
243
280
318
355
428
501
574
645
717
788
859
1036
1212
1389
1565
1915
2283
2976
3703
4444
1
65
141
202
269
331
393
454
515
575
694
812
930
1045
1162
1277
1392
1679
1964
2251
2536
3104
3700
4823
6002
7202
11/4
112
243
349
465
573
680
786
891
996
1202
1406
1609
1808
2010
2210
2409
2906
3399
3895
4389
5373
6403
8347
10387
12464
11/2
153
331
475
633
781
926
1070
1213
1355
1635
1913
2190
2461
2736
3008
3279
3955
4627
5302
5974
7313
8715
11361
14138
16965
2
252
546
783
1044
1287
1526
1764
1999
2233
2696
3154
3610
4057
4510
4958
5405
6519
7626
8739
9846
12053
14365
18725
23303
27963
21/2
239
519
744
993
1224
1452
1678
1902
2124
2564
3000
3434
3859
4290
4716
5141
6201
7254
8312
9366
11465
13664
17812
22166
26599
3
370
802
1149
1533
1890
2242
2591
2936
3280
3959
4632
5302
5958
6624
7282
7939
9575
11201
12834
14461
17703
21098
27502
34225
41070
4
637
1381
1979
2641
3254
3860
4461
5057
5649
6818
7976
9130
10260
11407
12540
13671
16488
19288
22101
24903
30484
36331
47360
58936
70724
10000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
16
7071
15332
21980
29325
36136
42871
49542
56153
62731
75713
88579
101385
113936
126677
139255
151817
183105
214199
245437
276549
338534
404358
525936
654498
785398
18
8951
19407
27822
37119
45740
54265
62708
71078
79404
95836
112121
128331
144217
160345
176265
192166
231770
271128
310668
350048
428507
510687
665717
828448
994137
20
11122
24115
34572
46124
56836
67430
77921
88321
98667
119086
139321
159464
179204
199244
219027
238785
287997
336904
386036
434970
532463
634579
827219
1029428
1235314
24
16087
34878
50002
66710
82204
97526
112700
127741
142706
172238
201505
230638
259189
288174
316787
345363
416540
487276
558337
629112
770120
917814
1196436
1488898
1786677
SIZES 5" THROUGH 24"

VEL., FPM
PRESS.
(PSIG)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
250
300
400
500
600
10000
10000
5
1001
2170
3110
4150
5114
6067
7011
7946
8877
10714
12535
14347
16123
17926
19706
21484
25912
30312
34732
39135
47907
57094
74426
92620
111143
6
1445
3133
4492
5993
7385
8761
10124
11475
12820
15473
18102
20719
23284
25887
28458
31025
37419
43773
50157
56151
69182
82449
107479
133751
160501
8
2502
5425
7778
10377
12787
15171
17531
19871
22199
26793
31345
35877
40318
44827
49278
53723
64795
75798
86852
97862
119796
142771
186112
231607
277928
10
3155
6841
9808
13085
16125
19130
22107
25057
27992
33785
39526
45241
50841
56526
62139
67744
81706
95581
109520
123403
151062
180033
234685
292053
350464
12
4479
9711
13922
18574
22889
27155
31380
35568
39734
47957
56106
64218
72167
80238
88205
96161
115979
135675
155461
175167
214429
255552
333130
414562
497474
- 115 -
14
5413
11737
16826
22448
27662
32818
37924
42986
48021
57959
67808
77611
87219
96972
106601
116217
140168
163972
187884
211700
259150
308850
402609
501024
601229
SATURATED STEAM
FLOW TABLE
SATURATED STEAM FLOW TABLE (LB/HR)
SELECTING
PRESSURE PILOTS
SELECTING PRESSURE PILOTS

Any of the Main Valves described in the Main Valve Section can
be combined with any of the Pilots listed below to produce the
SPENCE Pressure Regulator. This Regulator will reduce and
regulate a steady or varying initial pressure, within the range
specified, so as to maintain a constant, adjustable,

predetermined delivery pressure. The table below lists the
principal Pressure Pilots.
PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type
Service Conditions
Cast Iron
Cast Bronze
Diaphragm
Cast Steel
250
450
600
750
Main Valve
Delivery Pressure
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum

Normal
Initial
TemperInitial
TemperInitial
TemperAccuracy
Pressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature Minimum Maximum
psi
F
psi
F
psi
F
psi
psi
Loading
150
D2
250
450
600
750
100
300
D5
250
450
25
1 psi
31/2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
2 psi
3 /2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
12
/ psi
53/4
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
1 psi
12
250
450
600
750
4/
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
A73
250
450
600
750
31/2-71/4b
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
A53
250
450
600
750
12
31/2-53/4b
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
250
450
600
750
12
31/2
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
250
450
A54
250
450
600
750
A70
250
450
600
750
A86
250
450
600
750
A87
250
450
600
750
A85
250
450
600
750
150
Material
D120
A35
Diameter
inches
/2 psi
/ psi
/ psi
See response
curves on
A Pilot
/8 psi
1 b
2
5 /4-3 /
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
1 psi
41/2-53/4b
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
2 psi
7 /4
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
41/2
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
14
7/
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
31/2-53/4b
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
/2 psi
Product Page
12
/ psi
/2 psi
50
A84
250
450
600
750
12
A83
250
450
600
750
12
12
3/
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
31/2
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
/8 psi
5 /4
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
/ psi
/ psi
A82
250
450
Safety
Pilot
300
500
600
750
175
31/2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
P125
250
450
600
750
175
1 psi
41/2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
These Pilots have dual diaphragms, the first size being the control diaphragm and the second, the air loading diaphragm.
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
D SERIES PILOTS meet the requirements of the majority of all

pressure regulator problems. They are spring-loaded. Other
Pilots are modifications of the D Series for specific purposes.
A SERIES PILOTS are air-loaded. These Pilots are recommended where frequent changes in setting must be made and
the Regulator is not easily accessible.
Water Service Pilot operated Regulators are not uniformly

satisfactory as water reducing valves unless the delivery
system has the ample cushioning afforded by an elevated tank
or air chamber. When the flow is intermittent to an inflexible
system, the SPENCE Type D34 Direct Operated Pressure
Reducing Valve is recommended.
In any one Series of Pilots a larger Diaphragm will produce closer

accuracy of control but with less range in delivery pressure.
- 116 -
DATA REQUIRED
FOR
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
(a) Maximum/Minimum.
Select size and type Regulator to pass 14,600 lb. steam per
hour reducing from 175/150 psi saturated to 40/20 psi. Ends
to be flanged, pilot spring loaded and pressure controlled
within 2 psi.
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc.
1. Steam
1. SERVICE Fluid flowing though Regulator.

2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE
(1) Steam ServiceTotal Temperature or Degrees

Superheat, if any.
(2) Air, Gases, Water and LiquidsTemperature and
Specific Gravity.
3. DELIVERY (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum.
4. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator.
2.
(a) 175/150 psi
(b) None (saturated, 378F total temperature)
3. 40/20 psi
4. 14,600 lb. per hour
5. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger
5. END CONNECTIONS Screwed or Flanged. (If flanged,

state drilling.)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE
A. TYPE See Selection Criteria
for Steam, Air, Gases or Water
and Liquids in beginning of this
Section.
OF
REGULATOR
See Selection Criteria

and Selection Charts
opposite.
OF
TYPE
AND
MAIN VALVE
PILOT
B. SIZESee applicable Valve

Capacity Tables in this Section.
C. MATERIAL See Main Valve

Selection Chart in Technical
Reference Section or individual
Product Pages.
SELECTION
A. Since maximum Delivery

Pressure is less than 75%
of minimum Initial Pressure
and the least pressure drop
exceeds required minimal
differential.
SELECT TYPE E
SIZE
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT
Since maximum Initial
Pressure 175 psi, Total
Temperature 378F maximum Delivery Pressure 40
psi, Pilot spring loaded and
required accuracy 2 psi:
SELECT TYPE D
B. For 14,600 lb. per hour

and 150 psi minimum
Initial Pressure Economical:
SELECT 3" FULL PORT
Engineered: SELECT 4"
NORMAL PORT
See Pilot Selection
Chart opposite or individual Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIESSee Accessories in Other Products

Section.
C. For 175 psi, 378F:

SELECT CAST IRON,
FLANGED 250 LB.
For 175 psi, 378F:

SELECT CAST IRON
D. None required in this case.
None required in this case.
ECONOMICAL SOLUTION: 3" FULL PORT SPENCE TYPE ED, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB. FLANGED ENDS
ENGINEERED SOLUTION: 4" NORMAL PORT SPENCE TYPE ED, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB. FLANGED ENDS.
NOTE:Pressure Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
- 117 -
SIZING PRESSURE
REGULATORS
SIZING PRESSURE REGULATORS
SELECTING TEMP.
PILOTS
SELECTING TEMPERATURE PILOTS

be combined with any of the Pilots listed below, to produce the
SPENCE Temperature Regulator. This Regulator is designed to
control the flow of fluid to a heating or cooling element so as to
maintain a constant, adjustable, precise predetermined temperature. Pilots fully stroke valve within 5F. The table below lists
the principal Temperature Pilots.
The Thermostats of these SPENCE Pilots are of the Vapor
Tension Type. They are ruggedly constructed and will not be
injured by overheating.
These SPENCE Temperature Pilots can be furnished with 150F

range of temperature adjustment on special order. It should be
noted that since heavier Adjusting Springs are required for this
greater range the regulation will not be quite so accurate.
TEMPERATURE RANGES
20F to 120F
150F to 300F
50F to 150F
170F to 270F
70F to 170F
250F to 350F
120F to 220F
Thermostats can be furnished for temperatures

higher than 350F on
special order.
TEMPERATURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type
Service Conditions
Cast Iron
Cast Bronzea
Cast Steel
Delivery
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Pressure
Initial
TemperInitial
TemperInitial
TemperPressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature
Maximum
psi
F
psi
F
psi
F
psi
Operating Characteristics
Main Valve
Cascade ControlCloses on rise in temperaturecontrols delivery pressuredecreases

delivery pressure as temperature increases
& vice versaspring loaded pressure control.
E or C Series
Closes on rise in temperature.
E or C Series
Closes on rise in temperaturecontrols

delivery pressure at predetermined setting
spring loaded pressure control
E or C Series
T134
250
450
600
750
20
T124
250
450
125
T14
250
450
600
750
T14D
250
450
600
750
150
T14D2
250
450
600
750
300
T52
250
450
Opens on rise in temperature.
E or C Series
Safety
Pilot
300
500
Prevents excessive temperature rise.
E or C Series
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service.
AIR CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE PILOTS

SPENCE Air Control Pilots, listed below, have been developed
to meet special conditions when used in conjunction with A
Series Pressure Pilots. The fast bi-metal thermostats have a
200F adjustable range and protection against damage from
Bulb
Style
Bulb
Material
No.736
Bronze
No. 737
St. Stl.1
T64
No. 738
St. Stl.1
T60
No.745
St. Stl.2
Type
T61
Bulb
Mounting
over-heating. By cascading an air signal onto a pressure regulator, the EAT Series temperature control reduces steam pressure
to an adjustable limit as well as regulating output temperature.
Range
F
Maximum Bulb
Temperature F
Control
Mode
Action
50-250
350
Proportional
Reverse*
50-250
350
Proportional
Reverse*
50-250
350
Proportional
Reverse*
180
350
Proportional
Proportional
Reverse*
Reverse*
/2 NPT
/2 NPT
Sanitary
Thermometer
Bushing
1
/2 NPT
Union
Mounted
30-150
100-300***
* Rising output pressure on falling temperature. This action applied to an EA Series Regulator increases steam flow with decreasing
temperature. Direct action available for cooling control.
1
2
**Rate or reset available on application
***Other ranges on application
Type 304
Type 347 or optional Type 316
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
HEATING CONTROL Single Pilot Types T134 and Combination Pilot Type T14D2 reduce the steam pressure as well as
regulate the output temperature. A choice should be made
according to the maximum required delivery pressure, i.e., the
pressure needed in the heater to carry the peak load. Pilot
Types T14D and T14D2 in cast steel are designed for initial
steam pressures in excess of 500F.
Of the Air Control Pilots, the Type T61 is the general choice.
The Type T60 is used for temperature indication or for remote
adjustment. The required heater pressure will determine the
choice of the A Series Pilot. See Product Pages.
COOLING CONTROL Pilot Type T52 is employed With Type

E or C Series Main Valves to control temperature by regulating
the flow of a cooling medium. This Pilot opens the Main Valve on
rising temperature and exercises no control over the delivery
pressure. The Air Control Pilots can be furnished with increasing
air signal on temperature rise for use in cooling control.
TEMPERATURE RANGES Selection of the following ranges of
temperature adjustment is recommended for the services noted:
50F to 150F Room or air duct control
120F to 220F Domestic or laundry hot water service.
70F to 170F Fuel oil preheating.
170F to 270F Fuel oil heating.
- 118 -
DATA REQUIRED
FOR
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
Select size and type Regulator for heating 120 gpm water from
50F entering temperature to 170F final temperature in an
instantaneous heater. Steam supply at 125 psi pressure to be
reduced to 30 psi maximum in heater.
1. SERVICE
(a) Fluid flowing though Regulator.
(b) Type heater to be controlled.
1. (a) Steam
(b) Instantaneous
2. (a) 125 psi

Superheat, if any.
3. 30 psi

Specific Gravity.
4. See Capacity Tables in this Section.
3. DELIVERY (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum required on

heater.
4. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator or
the following data leading to same:
(a) Quantity and type of fluid to be heated or cooled.
(a) 120 gpm water.

(b) 170-50 = 120F Rise
120 x 120 = 7200#/Hr.
2
5. (a) 170FSelect standard Temperature Range from facing
page to include this final temperature.
(b) Temperature rise or drop, F.
(b) Close on temperature rise.
5. THERMOSTAT CHARACTERISTICS:
(c) Style No. 700 bronze. (See Options Section)
(a) Controlled Temperature, FMaximum/Minimum.

(b) OperationOpen or Close on temperature rise.
(d) Ten (10) feet, brassfurnished unless otherwise specified.

6. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger.
(c) Thermostat BulbStyle Number and Material.

(d) Flexible TubingLength and Material.
state drilling)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE
Section.
OF
REGULATOR
OF
TYPE
AND
MAIN VALVE
PILOT
opposite.
A. Since maximum Delivery

Pressure is less than 75%
of minimum Initial Pressure
and the least pressure drop
exceeds required minimal
differential.
SELECT TYPE E
SIZE
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT
Since maximum Initial
Pressure 125 psi, Total
Temperature 353F
maximum Delivery
Pressure 30 psi
SELECT TYPE T124
B. Using Capacity Tables in

this Section, for 7200#/Hr
and 125 psi initial pressure
SELECT 2" FULL PORT


Product Pages.
SELECTION
See Pilot Selection


Section.
C. For 125 psi, 353F:

SELECT CAST IRON,
NPT 250
For 125 psi, 353F:

SELECT CAST IRON
D. None required in this case.
ECONOMICAL SOLUTION: 3" SPENCE TYPE ET124, CAST IRON BODY, NPT 250 ENDS
TEMPERATURE RANGE 120-220F EQUIPPED WITH 10 FEET OF BRASS FLEXIBLE TUBING
AND STYLE NO. 700 BRONZE THERMOSTAT BULB.
Temperature Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
- 119 -
SIZING TEMPERATURE
REGULATORS
SIZING TEMPERATURE REGULATORS
SELECTING
DIFFERENTIAL PILOTS
SELECTING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE PILOTS

SPENCE Differential Pressure Regulators may usually be classified in one or the other of the following groups:
sure on a steam atomizing oil burner at a constant differential

above the oil pressure at the nozzle.
1. Control of the delivery pressure at a constant, adjustable, predetermined differential above another source of fluid pressure.
This case is illustrated by the use of the SPENCE Type EN
Differential Pressure Regulator on a boiler feedwater make-up
line to control the delivery pressure of the feedwater at a constant differential above the boiler steam pressure. Another
example is the use of the Type EN to control the steam pres-
2. Control of the differential pressure or pressure drop across

the Pressure Regulator itself. This case is illustrated by the use
of the SPENCE Type EN24 Differential Pressure Regulator
installed in parallel with a heat exchanger to maintain a constant differential across it, thereby limiting the flow rate of
fluid through the heater.
The table below lists the principal Differential Pilots.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type
Service Conditions
Cast Iron
Cast Bronzea
Diaphragm
Differential
Pressure
Max.
Operating
Characteristics
Cast Steel
Max.
Max. Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.
Initial Temper- Diaph. Initial Temper- Diaph. Initial Temper- Diaph.
Pressure ature Pressure Pressure ature Pressure Pressure ature Pressure
psi
F
psi
psi
F
psi
psi
F
psi
Normal
Accuracy
Min.
psi
Max.
psi
Main
Valve
Loading
Diameter Material
inches
250
450
240
300
500
290
600
750
300
150
1 psi
31/2 St. Stl. Spring
N33
250
450
240
300
500
290
600
750
300
150
1 psi
N20
250
366
250
300
366
300
300
366
300
150
1 psi
Closes on increase in differential

Delivery pressure controlled at set
differential above loading pressure
Loading Pressure may be any fluid
Opens on increase in differential
Initial pressure controlled at set
differential above loading pressure
Loading pressure may be any fluid
E or C
Series
E or C
Series
E or C
Series
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service.
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
TYPE N AND N33 PILOTS require that the delivery pressure

(pressure of fluid discharged from the Regulator) be controlled
at a given differential above some separate source of loading
pressure.
TYPE N meets the requirements of most boiler feedwater
make-up and steam atomizing oil burner differential control
problems as described in the first group in the above table.
TYPE N33 is a version of the Type N in which two separated

diaphragms are employed to preclude the possibility of contact
between the two fluids applied to the pilot.
TYPE N20 is a differential relief pilot which causes the Main
Valve to open when its initial pressure exceeds the loading
pressure by a set differential.
- 120 -
DATA REQUIRED
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
FOR
Select size and type Regulator to control the flow of water from
a Motor-Driven Centrifugal Boiler Feed Pump maintaining an
Excess or Differential pressure of 50 psi between the boiler
feedwater and the boiler steam pressure. The feedwater
temperature is 240F. The boiler steam pressure is 150 psi.
Flow 90 gpm at 220 psi pump discharge pressure.

Superheat, if any.
1. Water
2. (a) 220 psi

Specific Gravity.
(b) 240F
3. (a) 150 psi Boiler Pressure
3. LOADING PRESSURE
(b) Steam
4. (a) 200 psi (Loading plus Excess Pressure)
(b) Fluid
(b) Water
4. CONTROLLED PRESSURE
5. Identical with Controlled Pressure, Item 4
(b) Fluid
6. 90 gpm
5. DELIVERY PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum.

state drilling.)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE
OF
REGULATOR
SELECTION
PILOT
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE

opposite.

Section.
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT
A. Since pressure drop across

valve (Initial Pressure minus
Delivery Pressure) is greater
than 10 psi:
SELECT TYPE E

OF
Since Initial Pressure 220 psi,

240F, Differential (Excess)
Pressure 50 psi and the
Delivery and Controlled
Pressures are the same:
SELECT TYPE N
B. For 90 gpm: SELECT 3"

See Pilot Selection

Product Pages.

Section.
C. For 220 psi, 240F:

SELECT CAST IRON,
FLANGED 250 LB.
For 220 psi, 240F:

SELECT BRONZE
D. For Water Service:

Dashpot required.
ANSWER: 3" SPENCE TYPE EN, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB FLANGED ENDS,
EQUIPPED WITH BRONZE DASHPOT AND BRONZE PILOT BODY.
NOTE: Differential Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
WATER CAPACITY TABLEFLOW
IN
GALLONS
PER
MINUTE
These flow rates provide a simple method for sizing regulators or water pipes with inlet velocities in the
range of 240 to 600 fpm. Spence Regulators have variable seat sizes. The factory will select the proper
seat for particular flow and pressure drop. Additional capacity data is available on request.
VALVE OR PIPE SIZE
2
21/2
3
Velocity, fpm
fpm
Velocity,
14
38
12
34
11/4
11/2
247
251
255
262
270
277
285
300
315
1.3
2.5
4.0
7.3
12
22
30
52
78
- 121 -
10
12
330
360
390
420
480
540
600
127
238
405
630
1250
2210
3490
SIZING DIFFERENTIAL
REGULATORS
SIZING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATORS
SELECTING BACK
PRESSURE PILOTS
SELECTING BACK PRESSURE PILOTS

be combined with any of the Pilots listed below to produce the
SPENCE Back Pressure Regulator. Provided the delivery (discharge) pressure is sufficiently below the desired back pressure
to operate the Regulator, it will maintain a steady back pressure
regardless of fluctuations in the load. The Pilot is guaranteed to
shut tight when the back pressure falls below a predetermined
setting. The table below lists the principal Back Pressure Pilots.
THE SPENCE BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR IS NOT A
SAFETY VALVE AND SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS SUCH.
The discharge pressure must always be low enough in relation
to the back pressure to provide the required minimum differential listed in the Main Valve Selection Chart in the Technical
Reference Section.
BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS

Type
Service Conditions
Cast Iron
Cast Steel
Diaphragm
Main Valve
Delivery Pressure
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum

Normal
Initial
TemperInitial
TemperAccuracy
Pressure ature Pressure ature Minimum Maximum
Diameter
psi
F
psi
F
psi
psi
inches
Material
150
366
150
366
150
1 psi
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Q2
250
450
600
750
100
400
2 psi
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Q73
150
366
150
366
150
/2 psi
3 /2-7 /
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F14
250
450
600
750
150
1 psi
412
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F13
250
450
600
750
100
300
2 psi
3 2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F15
250
450
600
750
25
1/2 psi
534
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F32
250
450
600
750
200
2000
10 psi
8 piston
St. Stl.
E or C Series
1 c
4
Type Q73 is air adjusted, all others are spring loaded.

These Pilots have dual diaphragms, the first size being the control diaphragm and the second, the air loading
diaphragm.
b
c
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
TYPE Q SERIES meet the requirements of the majority of all

back pressure problems. They are packless and spring or air loaded.
The Type Q Pilot can be furnished for service on refrigerants on
special order.
TYPE F SERIES have bellows stem seals and separate diaphragm chambers. They are designed for applications where a
regulator is required to open on rise in pressure of a fluid other
than that flowing through the regulator. Type F Series Pilots are
also recommended for usual back pressure service in the event
that long control pipes are unavoidable.
In either series of back pressure pilots, a larger Diaphragm will
produce closer accuracy of control but with less range in back
pressure.
- 122 -
DATA REQUIRED
FOR
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
Select size and type Regulator to pass 9000 lb steam per hour
retaining a back pressure of 5 psi and exhausting into a
condenser at 6" Hg vacuum. Pilot to be packless, spring
loaded and to control the pressure within 1/2 psi.
1. Steam


Superheat, if any.
2. (a) 5 psi

Specific Gravity.
3. 6" Hg vacuum
3. DISCHARGE (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum.


4. 9000lb. per hour

state drilling.)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE
Section.
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT
opposite.
OF
TYPE
AND
MAIN VALVE
A. Since Initial Pressure is less
than 15 psi and the least
pressure drop exceeds
minimum differential:
SELECT TYPE E2
SIZE
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT
Since maximum Initial Pressure 5 psi, Total Temperature
228F, accuracy of control 12
psi and Pilot spring loaded:
SELECT TYPE F15
B. For 9000 lb. per hour and

5 psi Initial Pressure:
SELECT 8" SIZE.

Product Pages.
SELECTION
See Pilot Selection


Section.
C. For 5 psi, 228F:

SELECT CAST IRON,
FLANGED 125 LB.
For 5 psi, 228F:

SELECT CAST IRON
D. For discharge into vacuum:

Condensation Chamber
required.
ANSWER: 8" SPENCE TYPE E2F15, CAST IRON BODY, 125 LB. FLANGED ENDS,
EQUIPPED WITH CONDENSATION CHAMBER.
NOTE: Back Pressure Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
- 123 -
SIZING BACK PRESS.

REGULATORS
SIZING BACK PRESSURE REGULATORS
SELECTING PUMP
GOVERNOR PILOTS
SELECTING PUMP GOVERNOR PILOTS

SPENCE Pump Governors are classified in four groups as follows:
1. Constant Pressure Pump Governor which is illustrated by
the SPENCE Type EP14 Pump Governor. This Regulator
governs the steam supply to a pump, either reciprocating or
turbine-driven, and maintains a constant, adjustable pump
discharge pressure.
2. Excess Pressure Pump Governor which is illustrated by the
SPENCE Type EN Differential Pressure Regulator. Although
this Regulator is not a Pump Governor, it is recommended to
govern the steam supply to boiler feed pump where it is
desired to maintain the pump discharge pressure at a constant, adjustable differential pressure in excess of the boiler
steam pressure.
3. Vacuum Pump Governor which is illustrated by the SPENCE

Type EF46 Pump Governor. This Regulator governs the
steam supply to a vacuum pump and maintains a constant,
adjustable vacuum on the pump suction.
4.Differential Control for electric motor-driven centrifugal pumps
which is illustrated by the SPENCE Type EN Differential
Pressure Regulator. Although this Regulator is not a Pump
Governor, it is recommended to maintain a constant, adjustable differential between the feedwater pressure and the boiler
steam pressure; i.e., a constant pressure drop across the
feedwater regulator.
The table below lists the principal Pump Governor Pilots.
PUMP GOVERNOR PILOTS

Type
Service Conditions
Cast Iron
Cast Steel
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum

Initial
TemperInitial
TemperPressure
ature
Pressure
ature
psi
F
psi
F
Diaphragm
Main Valve
Type of Control
Pump Discharge
Pressure
Minimum
psi
Maximum
psi
Diameter
inches
Material
P13
250
450
600
750
100
300
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series Constant Pressure
P14
250
450
600
750
150
41/2
St. Stl.
P15
250
450
600
750
25
53/4
St. Stl.
P32
250
450
600
750
200
2000
7
/8
Piston
St. Stl.
F46
250
450
600
750
30
Hg vac
41/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Vacuum
250
450
600
500
3b
300b
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Differentialc
Regulator discharge pressure

For electric motor driven centrifugal pump applications only, differential pressure range 3 to 150 psi
b
c
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
P SERIES PILOTS are used for constant pressure control. In

this Series a larger Diaphragm will produce closer accuracy of
control but with less range in pump discharge pressure.
TYPE F46 is a vacuum pump governor Pilot.
TYPE N is a differential pressure Pilot which is applied to the
discharge of a constant speed centrifugal pump to effect
excess pressure control. The design of the Pilot requires that

the delivery pressure (pressure of fluid discharged from Regulator) be controlled at a given differential above some separate
source of loading pressure. In typical service, boiler feedwater
flows through the Regulator and is delivered at constant excess
pressure above the boiler steam pressure.
- 124 -
TYPE E MAIN VALVEFULL PORT

VALVE INFO
PAGE 28
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour

PRESSURE-psig
INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches)

38
12
34
14
1/
1/
12
21/2
10
12
20
5-0
90
165
370
520
835
1175
1840
2610
4390
6470
10030
14715
26345
41890
66040
25
10
5-0
100
100
185
190
350
365
575
595
920
955
1290
1345
2025
2105
2870
2985
4830
5025
7115
7400
11030
11475
16185
16835
28980
30140
46080
47930
72645
75560
30
15
10-0
105
115
195
215
380
415
615
675
990
1080
1390
1515
2175
2370
3085
3365
5190
5655
7645
8330
11855
12920
17400
18955
31150
33940
49530
53965
78080
85075
40
25
20
15-0
120
135
140
220
250
260
425
480
505
695
780
825
1115
1250
1320
1565
1760
1850
2450
2755
2900
3475
3905
4115
5850
6570
6920
8615
9680
10195
13355
15005
15805
19600
22020
23195
35085
39425
41530
55790 87950
62690 98830
66035 104105
50
35
30
25
20-0
130
150
160
165
245
275
300
310
470
530
580
600
765
865
945
975
1225
1385
1515
1560
1720
1945
2125
2190
2695
3045
3325
3430
3830
4320
4720
4870
6435
7270
7940
8185
9480
10705
11695
12060
14700
16600
18130
18700
21575
24360
26605
27440
38625
43615
47635
49125
61415 96820
69350 109330
75745 119410
78110 123140
60
45
40
35
30-0
140
160
175
190
265
300
330
350
510
575
630
680
830
940
1030
1105
1330
1505
1650
1770
1865
2115
2320
2490
2925
3310
3630
3895
4150
4700
5155
5530
6975
7905
8665
9300
10280
11645
12765
13700
15935
18055
19790
21240
23385
26495
29045
31170
41865
47435
51995
55805
66570
75425
82680
88735
104945
118905
130345
139885
75
55
50
45
40-0
180
195
210
225
330
365
395
420
640
705
760
805
1045
1150
1235
1315
1670
1840
1980
2105
2350
2585
2785
2955
3675
4045
4360
4630
5215
5740
6185
6570
8775
9655
10405
11050
12925
14220
15325
16275
20040
22050
23760
25230
29405
32355
34865
37025
52645 83710
57930 92110
62420 99255
66285 105400
131970
145215
156475
166160
100
75
60
50-0
225
275
295
420
510
550
810
985
1060
1320
1610
1725
2115
2575
2765
2970
3620
3885
4655
5665
6080
6605
8045
8630
11110
13525
14515
16365
19925
21380
25370
30890
33145
37230
45330
48640
66650 105985 167080

81155 129045 203440
87085 138475 218300
125
100
75
65-0
250
335
360
470
630
670
905
1215
1290
1475
1980
2100
2360
3170
3370
3315
4455
4730
5190
6970
7405
7370
9895
10510
12395
16645
17680
18255
24515
26040
28305
38010
40370
41535 74360 118235 186400

55775 99860 158785 250320
59245 106065 168655 265880
150
125
100
80-0
275
370
425
515
695
790
990
1340
1520
1610
2185
2480
2585
3500
3970
3625
4915
5575
5680
7695
8730
8060
10920
12390
13555
18370
20840
19970
27055
30700
30960
41945
47595
45430 81340 129335 203895

61555 110205 175235 276255
69845 125045 198835 313460
175
150
125
100
95-0
295
405
475
485
555
755
890
910
1065
1455
1715
1750
1740
2370
2790
2855
2785
3800
4475
4575
3915
5335
6285
6425
6130
8355
9835
10055
8695
11860
13960
14275
14625
19945
23480
24005
21545
29375
34585
35360
33405
45545
53625
54820
49020 87765 139555 220005

66835 119660 190270 299960
78690 140880 224015 353155
80450 144030 229015 361045
200
150
125
110-0
435
515
550
810
960
1030
1560
1850
1980
2545
3015
3230
4080
4825
5175
5725
6780
7265
8965
10615
11380
12725
15065
16150
21405
25335
27160
31525
37320
40005
48880
57860
62025
71730 128420 204200 321920

84910 152015 241715 381060
91020 162960 259120 408500
225
175
150
125-0
460
550
615
860
1025
1145
1660
1975
2210
2710
3220
3600
4340
5155
5765
6095
7240
8100
9540
11335
12680
13540
16090
18000
22770
27065
30270
33540
39865
44585
52000 76310 136620 217240 342475

61810 90700 162380 258200 407055
69130 101440 181615 288785 455265
250
200
175
150
140-0
490
580
655
675
910
1085
1220
1265
1755
2095
2350
2435
2860
3410
3830
3970
4585
5465
6135
6360
6440
7675
8615
8930
10080 14305
12020 170601
13490 19145
13985 19845
24060
28690
32200
33380
35440
42255
47435
49165
54945 80630 144355

65515 96145 172130
73540 107920 193210
76230 111860 200270
Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.
- 125 -
229540
273700
307225
318445
361865
431485
484355
502025
TYPE E FULL PORT

CAPACITY TABLE
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE
TYPE E NORMAL PORT

CAPACITY TABLE

TYPE E MAIN VALVENORMAL PORT
VALVE INFO
PAGE 28

PRESSURE-psig
INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches)

38
12
34
14
1/
12
1/
21/2
10
12
20
5-0
40
90
285
445
615
865
1045
1425
2550
4630
6825
8960
14775
22370
37440
25
10
5-0
40
45
100
100
315
325
490
510
680
705
955
990
1150
1195
1565
1630
2805
2920
5090
5295
7505
7805
9855
10250
16250
16905
24605
25595
41185
42835
30
15
10-0
45
50
105
115
335
365
525
575
730
795
1025
1115
1235
1345
1685
1835
3015
3285
5470
5960
8070
8790
10595
11540
17470
19035
26450
28815
44265
48230
40
25
20
15-0
50
60
60
120
135
140
380
425
450
595
665
700
820
925
975
1155
1295
1365
1390
1565
1645
1895
2130
2245
3400
3820
4020
6165
6925
7295
9090
10210
10755
11930
13410
14125
19675
22110
23290
29790
33475
35265
49865
56030
59020
50
35
30
25
20-0
55
65
70
70
130
145
160
165
420
470
515
530
650
735
805
830
905
1020
1115
1150
1270
1435
1565
1615
1530
1730
1890
1945
2090
2360
2575
2655
3740
4225
4615
4755
6785
7660
8370
8630
10005
11295
12340
12725
13135
14835
16200
16705
21660
24460
26715
27550
32795
37035
40445
41710
54890
61985
67695
69810
60
45
40
35
30-0
60
70
75
80
140
160
175
190
455
515
560
605
705
800
880
945
980
111
1220
1305
1375
1560
1710
1835
1660
1880
2060
2210
2265
2565
2810
3015
4055
4595
5035
5405
7355
8335
9135
9805
10845
12285
13470
14455
14240
16130
17685
18980
23480
26600
29160
31295
35545
40275
44150
47385
59495
67410
73895
79305
75
55
50
45
40-0
75
85
90
95
180
195
210
225
570
625
675
715
890
980
1055
1120
1235
1355
1460
1555
1730
1905
2055
2180
2085
2295
2475
2630
2845
3130
3375
3585
5100
5610
6045
6420
9250
10175
10965
11645
13635
15005
16170
17170
17905
19700
21230
22545
29525
32485
35005
37175
44700
49185
53005
56285
74820
82325
88710
94205
100
75
60
50-0
100
120
125
225
275
295
720
875
940
1125
1370
1470
1560
1900
2040
2190
2670
2865
2640
3215
3450
3605
4385
4705
6455
7860
8435
11710
14255
15300
17265
21020
22555
22670
27600
29615
37380
45515
48840
56595 94725
68910 115335
73945 123760
125
100
75
65-0
110
145
155
250
335
360
805
1080
1145
1255
1685
1790
1740
2340
2485
2445
3285
3490
2950
3960
4205
4020
5400
5735
7200
9670
10270
13065
17545
18635
19260
25865
27470
25290
33960
36070
41700
56000
59485
63140 105675
84790 141915
90060 150740
150
125
100
80-0
120
160
185
275
370
420
880
1190
1350
1375
1860
2110
1905
2580
2930
2675
3625
4110
3225
4370
4955
4395
5955
6760
7875
10675
12110
14290
19360
21970
21065
28545
32390
27660
37480
42525
45615 69065 115595

61805 93575 156620
70130 106175 177715
175
150
125
100
95-0
130
175
205
210
295
405
475
485
950
1295
1525
1555
1485
2020
2380
2435
2055
2805
3300
3375
2885
3935
4635
4735
3480
4745
5585
5710
4745
6470
7615
7785
8500
11590
13645
13950
15420
21020
24750
25300
22730
30995
36490
37305
29850
40695
47915
48980
49220 74520 124730

67105 101605 170055
79010 119625 200215
80770 22295 204690
200
150
125
110-0
190
225
240
435
515
550
1390
1645
1760
2170
2570
2755
3010
3560
3815
4225
5000
5360
5090
6025
6460
6940
8215
8810
12435
14720
15780
25560
26708
28630
33260
39375
42210
43675
51700
55420
72020 109040 182510

85250 129075 216035
91390 138370 231595
225
175
150
125-0
200
240
265
460
550
615
1475
1755
1965
2310
2745
3070
3200
3805
4255
4495
5340
5970
5415
6435
7200
7385
8775
9815
13230
15725
17590
24000
28525
31905
35385
42060
47040
46465 76620 116005 194160

55225 91065 137880 230775
61765 101850 154210 258105
250
200
175
150
140-0
210
250
285
295
490
580
655
675
1560
1860
2090
2165
2440
2910
3265
3385
3380
4030
4525
4690
4745
5660
6355
6585
5720
6825
7660
7940
7805
9305
10445
10825
13980
16670
18710
19395
25360
30240
33945
35180
37390
44585
50045
51870
49095 80955 122575

58540 96530 146155
65710 108355 164055
68110 112315 170050
- 126 -
205155
244625
274585
284615
TYPE E2 MAIN VALVE

VALVE INFO
PAGE 30

PRESSURE-psig
INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches)

34
14
1/
1/
12
/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
21/2
10
12
15
12
10
8
5
2.5
150
245
295
345
375
230
375
455
530
575
375
605
735
860
930
545
880
1070
1245
1345
875
1415
1715
2000
2160
1350
2185
2650
3085
3340
1905
3085
3740
4360
4715
2840
4595
5570
6495
7025
4010
6490
7870
9170
9925
5060
8195
9935
11580
12530
9230
14945
18120
21110
22850
14850
24040
29145
33960
36755
22195
35930
43560
50760
54935
12
9
7
5
2
145
230
280
325
220
355
430
495
355
570
690
805
515
830
1005
1165
825
1330
1610
1870
1275
2060
2490
2890
1800
2910
3515
4080
2680
4330
5235
6075
3785
6115
7395
8585
4780
7720
9340
10835
8715
14080
17030
19760
14020
22650
27390
31785
20955
33855
40940
47510
10
7
5
2
1 HG VAC
135
220
280
310
210
340
435
480
340
550
705
775
490
795
1020
1125
790
1275
1635
1805
1220
1970
2525
2795
1725
2780
3565
3945
2570
4145
5315
5875
3630
5855
7505
8295
4580
7390
9475
10475
8355
13475
17280
19095
13440
21670
27795
30720
20090
32395
41545
45915
6
4
2
2 HG VAC
135
215
260
300
205
330
400
460
330
535
645
745
480
775
935
1080
775
1245
1500
1730
1195
1925
2320
2675
1685
2715
3275
3780
2510
4045
4880
5625
3550
5715
6890
7950
4480
7215
8700
10035
8170
13160
15865
18300
13140
21165
25515
29435
19645
31640
38140
43995
5
3
3.1 HG VAC
130
210
200
325
325
520
470
755
755
1215
1165
1875
1645
2650
2455
3950
3465
5575
4375
7040
7980
12835
12835
20650
19185
30865
285
440
710
1035
1660
2565
3620
5390
7615
9610
17530
28195
42145
4
2
4.3 HG VAC
125
205
275
195
315
420
315
510
680
460
735
985
735
1185
1585
1140
1830
2450
1605
2580
3460
2395
3845
5150
3380
5435
7275
4270
6860
9185
7785
12505
16750
12520
20120
26945
18715
30070
40275
3
1
5.5 HG VAC
125
200
260
190
305
405
310
495
650
445
715
945
720
1150
1515
1110
1780
2340
1565
2510
3305
2330
3740
4925
3295
5285
6955
4160
6675
8780
7585
12170
16010
12200
19575
25755
18235
29255
38495
2
0
6.7 HG VAC
120
195
250
185
295
380
300
480
615
435
695
895
700
1120
1435
1080
1730
2215
1525
2440
3130
2270
3635
4660
3205
5135
6485
4045
6480
8310
7380
11820
15155
11870
19010
24380
17740
28415
36440
Based on 1 psi accuracy of regulation.

K-Factor is included in the above tabulations.
Size
E2 Cv
Valve Coefficient
P
Nominal
K
Factor
7.6
11.7
18.9
27.4
44
68
96
143
202
255
465
748
1118
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
0.635
0.785
0.855
0.895
0.915
0.928
0.935
0.937
0.938
0.940
0.940
TYPE E2 MAIN VALVE ONLY

Used at such low pressure drops, a 1 psi deviation of reduced
pressure at rated capacity is a significant portion of the total
drop. It must be accounted for in calculations dealing with a
subcritical flow condition.
Also, because E2 valve opening, for 1 psi accuracy of
regulation, varies with the pressure drop, a regulation factor K
is inserted in the formula.
Cv=
W
2.1 K
Where
P(P1 +P2)
K = Factor from accompanying table

Cv = Valve coefficient
W = Flow, #/Hr. (saturated steam)
P = P nominal plus 1 psi
P1 = Inlet pressure, psia (psi + 14.7)
P2 = Reduced pressure, psia (psi + 14.7)
P2 = P2 nominal (set point value) minus 1 psi
P = Pressure drop, psi
NOTE: When computing W for safety valve sizing, use K = 1.0
- 127 -
TYPE E2
CAPACITY TABLE
TYPE E5 FULL PORT

CAPACITY TABLE

TYPE E5 MAIN VALVEFULL PORT
VALVE INFO
PAGE 32

PRESSURE-psig
INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches)

34
11/4
11/2
21/2
10
12
60708
82453
95592
20
15
10
5.4
286
389
451
441
599
694
712
967
1121
1033
1402
1626
1620
2201
2551
2525
3429
3976
3580
4862
5637
5992
8138
9435
9722
13205
15309
13189
17914
20768
25059
34036
39459
38361
52103
60405
25
20
15
10
8.3
308
420
496
516
474
647
764
794
766
1046
1234
1283
1110
1516
1788
1860
1742
2379
2807
2919
2714
3707
4373
4548
3848
5256
6201
6449
6440
8796
10378
10794
10450
14273
16839
17515
14176
19363
22844
23760
26935
36789
43404
45145
41232 65251
56318 89124
66444 105149
69109 109366
30
25
20
15
11.2
328
450
533
581
505
692
821
894
815
1118
1326
1445
1182
1621
1922
2094
1855
2544
3017
3287
2890
3965
4700
5121
4098
5622
6665
7262
6859
9409
11154
12153
11130
15267
18100
19721
15099
20711
24554
26753
28688
39351
46652
50831
43916 69498
60239 95329
71417 113018
77813 123140
40
35
30
25
17
365
503
601
711
561
775
925
1094
907
1251
1494
1768
1315
1814
2165
2563
2063
2847
3398
4022
3215
4436
5295
6267
4558
6290
7507
8886
7629
10527
12565
14872
12379
17082
20388
24133
16793
23173
27658
32738
31906
44029
52550
62202
48843 77295
67400 106662
80445 127305
95221 150688
50
45
40
35
22.8
398
551
661
841
613
849
1018
1294
990
1371
1644
2091
1435
1988
2384
3031
2252
3120
3741
4757
3509
4862
5828
7413
4976
6894
8264
10511
8327
11538
13832
17591
13512
18722
22444
28544
18331
25397
30447
38723
34829 53317 84374

48255 73870 116901
57849 88558 140144
73574 112628 178236
75
70
65
60
37.3
471
657
793
1166
726
1011
1220
1795
1172
1634
1971
2899
1699
2368
2857
4203
2667
3717
4484
6596
4155
5791
6987
10277
5891
8211
9907
14572
9860
13743
16581
24389
15999
22300
26905
39574
21704 41238 63128 99902

30251 57477 87988 139242
36499 69349 106161 168001
53685 102002 156148 247106
100
95
90
85
51.8
535
748
905
1491
823
1151
1393
2295
1329
1859
2251
3707
1927
2695
3263
5374
3025
4230
5121
8434
4713
6590
7979
13141
6683
9345
11314
18633
11184
15640
18935
31186
18148
25378
30725
50603
24620 46778 71608 113321

34428 65412 100135 158465
41682 79195 121234 191855
68648 130431 199667 315977
125
120
115
110
90
66.3
591
828
1005
1476
1816
910
1275
1547
2272
1751
1470
2060
2500
3671
191
2131
2987
3624
5322
7874
3345
4687
5687
8352
12019
5212
7303
8861
13013
19297
7390
10355
12564
18451
27890
12368
17331
21028
30882
43660
20069
28121
34120
50110
67921
27225 51727 79185

38149 72484 110960
46287 87946 134630
67979 129159 197720
96226 160923 261002
125312
175596
213055
312896
354004
150
145
140
135
110
80.8
643
902
1096
1717
2140
990
1389
1687
2644
2075
1598
2243
2726
4270
191
2317
3252
3951
6191
8545
3637
5103
6201
9716
13051
5667
7952
9662
15138
20965
8035
11275
13700
21465
30308
13448
18871
22930
35925
47454
21820 29601 56243 86098

30620 41539 78924 120819
37207 50475 95902 146809
58293 79080 150252 230010
73834 104610 174955 283770
136251
191198
232328
363994
384891
175
170
165
160
125
95.3
691
970
1180
2048
2465
1063
1493
1817
3153
2400
1717
2412
2934
5094
191
2490
3497
4254
7384
9165
3907
5488
6676
11589
14007
6088
8552
10402
18057
22508
8632
12125
14750
25603
32545
14447
20294
24686
42851
50966
23442 31801 60422 92495 146375

32930 44672 84877 129932 205619
40057 54340 103247 158053 250121
69532 94327 179221 274356 434172
79306 112368 187941 304841 413476
200
195
185
150
109.8
735
1258
2198
2790
1132
1937
3384
4296
1828
3129
5467
6939
2651
4537
7925
10060
4160
7119
12437
15787
6481
11093
19379
24598
9190
15729
27477
34878
15381
26325
45989
58375
24958 33858 64330 98478 155843

42716 57949 110102 168548 266729
74623 101233 192342 294443 465960
94721 128498 244146 373745 591458
250
245
235
200
138.8
817
1402
2471
3440
1258
2158
3804
5296
2032
3486
6145
8555
2946
5054
8908
12402
4624
7932
13980
19463
7205
12359
21784
30327
10215
17524
30887
43001
17098 27743 37636 71508

29330 47592 64563 122670
51695 83883 113795 216210
71969 116780 158423 301004
- 128 -
109467
187786
330979
460784
173233
297174
523780
729198
TYPE E5 MAIN VALVENORMAL PORT

VALVE INFO
PAGE 32

PRESSURE-psig
INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches)

3
/4
11/4
11/2
21/2
10
12
20
15
10
5.4
215
292
338
377
512
593
505
686
795
746
1013
1175
942
1280
1483
1319
1791
2077
2223
3020
3501
4522
6142
7120
6632
9008
10443
8592
11669
13529
12662
17197
19937
19784
26870
31152
35874
48725
56489
25
20
15
10
8.3
231
315
372
387
405
553
653
679
543
741
875
910
802
1095
1292
1344
1013
1383
1632
1697
1418
1936
2284
2376
2390
3264
3851
4005
4860
6639
7832
8146
7129
9737
11487
11948
9235
12613
14881
15478
13609
18588
21930
22810
21264
29044
34266
35641
38559
52667
62136
64628
30
25
20
15
11.2
246
337
400
436
431
592
702
764
578
793
940
1024
854
1172
1389
1513
1078
1479
1754
1911
1510
2071
2455
2675
2545
3491
4139
4510
5177
7101
8418
9172
7593
10415
12347
13453
9836
13492
15995
17428
14495
19882
23572
25683
22648
31066
36831
40129
41069
56333
66786
72768
40
35
30
25
17
273
377
450
533
480
662
790
935
643
887
1059
1253
950
1311
1565
1852
1199
1655
1976
2338
1679
2317
2766
3274
2831
3906
4662
5519
5758
7945
9483
11224
8444
11653
13908
16463
10939
15095
18017
21326
16121
22246
26552
31428
25189
34759
41487
49107
45676
63030
75229
89047
50
45
40
35
22.8
299
414
496
631
524
726
870
1106
702
972
1166
1483
1037
1437
1722
2191
1309
1814
2175
2766
1833
2540
3045
3872
3090
4281
5133
6528
6285
8708
10439
13276
9218
12771
15311
19472
11941
16545
19834
25225
17598
24382
29229
37174
27496 49860
38096 69081
45671 82816
58084 105326
75
70
65
60
37.3
353
493
594
874
620
864
1043
1534
831
1158
1397
2055
1228
1711
2065
3037
1550
2161
2607
3835
2170
3025
3650
5369
3659
5100
6153
9050
7441
10372
12514
18406
10914
15212
18354
26996
14139
19707
23777
34972
20836
29041
35039
51538
32556 59036
45377 82284
54749 99278
80528 146024
100
95
90
85
51.8
401
561
679
1118
703
984
1191
1961
943
1318
1596
2628
1393
1948
2358
3884
1759
2459
2977
4903
2462
3443
4168
6865
4150
5803
7026
11572
8441
11804
14291
23536
12380
17312
20960
34520
16038
22427
27153
44719
23635 36930 66966

33050 51641 93643
40014 62523 113374
65902 102972 186722
125
120
115
110
90
66.3
443
621
754
1107
1362
778
1090
1322
1942
1313
1042
1461
1772
2603
143
1540
2158
2619
3846
4465
1945
2725
3306
4856
7725
2722
3815
4629
6798
10303
4589
6431
7803
11459
15155
9334
13080
15870
23307
19098
13690
19184
23276
34184
26679
17735
24852
30153
44283
44875
26136 40837 74051

36623 57224 103766
44436 69431 125902
65259 101968 184902
91124 133581 173006
150
145
140
135
110
80.8
482
676
822
1288
1605
846
1187
1442
2259
1557
1133
1590
1932
3028
143
1675
2350
2855
4474
4842
2114
2967
3605
5649
8387
2960
4154
5047
7908
11190
4990
7002
8509
13331
16466
10149
14242
17306
27113
20752
14885
20888
25382
39766
28996
19283
27060
32881
51515
48780
28417 44402 80516

39877 62308 112986
48456 75712 137291
75917 118620 215098
99066 145230 188097
175
170
165
160
125
95.3
518
728
885
1536
1849
909
1276
1553
2695
1800
1218
1710
2080
3611
143
1799
2527
3074
5336
5191
2271
3191
3881
6738
8999
3180
4467
5434
9433
12010
5361
7530
9160
15901
17678
10903
15316
18631
32341
22284
15991
22464
27325
47433
31140
20716 30529 47701 86499

29101 42885 67008 121508
35399 52167 81510 147806
61447 90554 141490 256568
52394 106417 156011 202063
200
195
185
150
109.8
551
944
1649
2093
967
1656
2892
3671
1296
2219
3876
4920
1915
3278
5727
7269
2418
4139
7231
9178
3386
5795
10123
12850
5707
9768
17065
21661
11608
19868
34708
44056
17026
29140
50906
64616
22056 32504 50787 92093

37749 55631 86923 157620
65946 97183 151849 275353
83707 123358 192747 349514
250
245
235
200
138.8
613
1051
1853
2580
1075
1845
3251
4526
1441
2472
4357
6065
2129
3652
6438
8962
2688
4612
8128
11316
3764
6456
11379
15842
6344
10883
19183
26706
12904
22136
39015
54316
18926 24517 36131 56454

32466 42058 61980 96844
57222 74129 109243 170692
79664 103201 152086 237634
- 129 -
102370
175611
309521
430910
TYPE E5 NORMAL
PORT CAPACITY TABLE
TYPE C20
CAPACITY TABLE

TYPE C20 MAIN VALVE
AVAILABLE ON SPECIAL ORDER ONLY CONSULT FACTORY

PRESSURE-psig
INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches)

1
11/4
11/2
21/2
10
12
25
5-0
510
950
1360
2035
3190
4685
7805
12625
16970
29600
47520
73520
30
10-0
575
1070
1530
2295
3595
5275
8790
14215
19110
33325
53505
82780
40
20
15-0
665
700
1245
1310
1775
1870
2665
2805
4175
4395
6125
6455
10210
10755
16515
17400
22200
23385
38715
40780
62160 96170
65475 101300
50
30
25
20-0
735
805
830
1375
1500
1550
1965
2145
2215
2945
3220
3320
4615
5040
5200
6780
7405
7635
11295
12340
12725
18270
19955
20580
24555
26820
27660
42830
46775
48240
68760 106385
75100 116190
77445 119820
60
40
35
30-0
800
880
945
1495
1640
1760
2135
2340
2515
3205
3515
3770
5020
5505
5905
7370
8080
8670
12285
13470
14455
19870
21785
23375
26710
29280
31420
46580
51060
54800
74780 115700
81980 126830
87980 136115
75
55
50
45
40-0
890
980
1055
1120
1660
1825
1970
2090
2370
2610
2810
2985
3555
3915
4220
4480
5575
6130
6610
7015
8180
9000
9700
10300
13635
15005
16170
17170
22055
24270
26150
27770
29645
32620
35150
37325
51695 83000
56885 91330
61295 98415
65090 104505
100
75
60
50-0
1125
1370
1470
2100
2560
2745
3000
3655
3925
4505
5485
5885
7055
8590
9220
10360
12610
13535
17265
21020
22555
27920
34000
36480
37530
45695
49035
65450 105080 162575

79695 127950 197955
85515 137295 212415
125
100
75
65-0
1255
1685
1790
2345
3150
3345
3350
4500
4780
5025
6745
7165
7870
10570
11230
1555
15520
16485
19260
25865
27470
31150
41835
44435
41870 73020 117230 181375

56225 98060 157435 243575
59720 104155 167220 258715
150
125
100
80-0
1375
1860
2110
2565
3475
3945
3665
4965
5635
5495
7445
8450
8610
11665
13235
12640
17125
19435
21065
28545
32390
34075
46165
52385
45800 79875 128235 198400

62050 108220 173745 268810
70410 122795 197145 305015
175
150
125
100
95-0
1485
2020
2380
2435
2765
3775
4440
4540
3955
5390
6345
6490
5930
8085
9520
9730
9290
12665
14915
15245
13640
18595
21895
22385
22730
30995
36490
37305
36765
50130
59020
60335
49415 86185 138310 214075

67375 117505 188655 291875
79325 138345 222110 343640
81095 141435 227070 351310
200
150
125
110-0
2170
2570
2755
4050
4795
5140
5785
6845
7340
8675
10270
11010
13595
16090
17250
19955
23625
25325
33260
39375
42210
53800
63680
68265
72310 126105 202465 313245

85595 149275 239660 370790
91755 160025 256920 397490
225
175
150
125-0
2310
2745
3070
4310
5120
5725
6155
7315
8180
9230
10970
12270
14460
17190
19225
21230
25235
28225
35385
42060
47040
57235 76925 134160 215395 333245

68025 91430 159455 256010 396080
76080 102260 178340 286330 442995
250
200
175
150
140-0
2440
2910
3265
3385
4550
5425
6090
6315
6505
7755
8705
9020
9755
11630
13055
13530
15280
18220
20455
21200
22435
26750
30025
31125
37390
44585
50045
51870
60475 81280 141755

72110 96920 169025
80940 108790 189730
83895 112765 196660
- 130 -
227590
271375
304615
315740
128410
141300
152260
161685
352115
419855
471280
488495
TYPE C34 WATER

CAPACITY CHART
RATED WATER CAPACITY CHART

TYPE C34 PILOT OPERATED MAIN VALVE
(Specific Gravity of 1)
VALVE INFO
PAGE 38
200
PRESSURE DROP PSI
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
200
300
400
600
800
1000
1500
FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
VALVE SIZE SELECTION
EXAMPLE
Prior to selecting valve size, the maximum required flow and

the pressure drop across the valve must be determined. Enter
the Capacity Chart at the maximum required flow GPM and
follow vertically to the intersection of the horizontal pressure
drop line. The valve size nearest to, but to the right of this
intersection is the smallest valve that will satisfy the flow
requirements.
The vertical portion of the curves indicate the flow at which
approximately 15 feet per second velocity is reached. By
selecting the next larger size valve, a lower velocity may be
maintained. For general service, 8 to 10 feet per second is
recommended.
Required maximum flow is 100 GPM, Inlet Pressure is 60 psi,

Delivery Pressure is 35 psi (Pressure drop is 25 psi). Enter the
Capacity Chart at the 100 GPM line and follow up to 25 psi
pressure drop. It falls to the right of the 11/2" valve size line,
therefore 2" is the minimum valve size required.
- 131 -
TYPE N6 & D34 WATER

CAPACITY TABLES
RATED WATER CAPACITY CHART

TYPE N6 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE VALVE
34
/"
VALVE INFO
PAGE 98
11/4"
1"
11/2"
2"
100
90
80
21/2"
70
60
PRESSURE DROP PSI
50
40
30
20
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
250
300
RATED WATER CAPACITY TABLE

TYPE D34 VALVE
Water in GPM
PRESSURE
VALVE SIZE (inches)

14
12
DROPpsig
1/
1/
21/2
5
10
15
20
30
50
75
100
125
150
175
7.4
10
13
15
18
23
29
33
37
40
44
17
24
29
33
41
53
65
75
84
92
100
23
33
40
47
51
74
90
104
116
127
138
32
45
55
64
79
102
125
144
161
176
190
48
68
84
97
118
153
187
216
241
265
285
71
101
124
143
175
226
277
320
358
392
423
116
164
201
233
285
368
450
520
581
637
688
188
266
325
376
460
594
727
840
939
1029
1111
263
373
457
528
646
834
1022
1180
1320
1445
1560
- 132 -
400
500
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
EXAMPLE
When sizing a water valve, the following points should be

considered:
SPECIFIED CONDITIONS
Initial Pressure
Reduced No Flow Pressure
Capacity Required
Allowable Droop
(a) The recommended velocity in the pipe (8-10 ft./sec.)

(b) The droop which is the fall-off pressure below the no flow
pressure setting.
100 PSIG
50 PSIG (lock-up pressure)
30 GPM
10-15 PSIG
1. Enter Capacities vs. Droop Chart, below, at 30 GPM. Move

up until you intersect a curve line (possibly more than one
curve). e.g. points (a), (b)etc.
FLOW VS. VELOCITY CHART

The lowest point indicates the minimum size valve required

(3/4") at a droop of approximately 16 psi.
500
400
2"
200
11/2"
=
=
=
=
11/4"
100
80
2. Enter Flow vs. Velocity Chart (left) at 30 GPM and move up

until you reach the 3/4" pipe size curve. Move downward and
note that the velocity is approximately 18.5 ft./sec., which is
unacceptably high.
At the point of intersection of 30 GPM with the next valve
curve (1"), the velocity will be approximately 11 ft./sec.,
which is closer to the recommended value.
1"
60
/4"
40
Referring back to the Capacities vs. Droop Chart, you will

find that the droop for a 1" valve is only 11 psig, which is also
more acceptable.
/2"
20
SELECT A 1" TYPE D36

10
8
NOTE: The capacities shown in the Capacities vs. Droop

Chart are based on a difference of 50 psig or more between
the initial pressure and the regulator lock-up pressure.
Where this difference is less than 50 psig, deduct 20% from
the capacity obtained.
SCHEDULE 40 PIPE SIZE
6
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
VELOCITY FT./SEC.
VALVE INFO
PAGE 104
CAPACITIES VS. DROOP CHART

0
DROOP PSIG
5
10
15
20
/"
/"
1 2
10
20
3 4
30
40
11/4"
1"
50
60
70
80
90
100
GALLONS PER MINUTE
- 133 -
11/2"
110
120
130
2"
140
150
160
170
SIZING D36 WATER

PRESSURE VALVE
SIZING D36 WATER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE
TYPE D50
CAPACITY TABLE
RATED STEAM, AIR AND WATER CAPACITY TABLE

TYPE D50 DIRECT ACTING PRESSURE REGULATOR
VALVE SIZE
CV
PSI
1 2
IN
10
20
30
40
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
250
60
75
85
100
125
150
175
200
250
85
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
110
125
150
200
225
250
135
150
175
200
225
250
160
175
200
225
250
A
14
23
35
29
43
72
98
105
145
170
195
240
38
63
77
96
125
155
180
205
260
44
72
110
140
170
200
225
250
65
105
155
235
275
310
70
115
165
210
255
295
105
145
195
240
280
OUT S
5
41
10
68
10 100
87
130
200
255
30 315
370
425
480
595
115
190
230
280
50 340
405
465
525
650
130
215
325
75 405
465
525
585
650
190
310
460
100 675
755
830
210
340
500
125 635
755
830
315
425
140 580
710
835
/"
2.2
3/4"
3.3
W
3
4.2
5.9
4.2
5.9
8.8
11
13
15
16
17
20
4.6
7.2
8.5
10
12
14
16
18
20
4.6
7.2
10
12
14
16
18
19
6
9
13
19
21
23
5.9
9.3
13
16
19
21
8.3
11
14
17
19
S
59
97
145
125
185
290
370
450
530
615
695
855
165
275
335
410
500
590
675
765
945
190
315
470
590
675
765
855
945
310
500
745
1095
1220
1350
340
550
810
1030
1230
1350
510
690
940
1150
1350
A
20
33
50
42
63
105
140
175
210
245
280
350
55
92
110
140
185
225
265
305
380
64
105
160
205
245
290
330
370
105
170
250
385
445
505
115
185
270
345
410
475
170
230
315
385
455
W
4.2
6.0
8.5
6.0
8.5
13
16
19
21
23
25
28
6.6
10
12
15
18
21
23
26
30
6.6
10
15
18
21
23
26
28
9
15
21
30
34
37
9.5
15
21
26
30
34
13
18
23
28
31
S
80
130
195
170
250
390
495
605
715
825
930
1150
250
420
510
625
760
895
1030
1170
1440
290
480
720
895
1030
1170
1300
1440
380
620
920
1350
1510
1670
420
680
995
1270
1510
1670
630
855
1160
1420
1670
1"
11/4"
4.9
5.0
A
27
44
67
57
84
140
190
240
285
330
375
470
85
140
170
215
280
340
400
460
580
98
160
240
310
375
440
500
560
125
210
310
475
550
620
140
225
335
425
505
585
210
285
390
475
560
W
5.7
3.1
11
8.1
11
17
21
25
28
31
33
38
10
16
19
23
28
32
36
39
45
10
16
23
28
32
36
39
42
12
19
26
37
41
45
12
19
26
32
37
41
17
22
29
34
39
S Steam (#/hr.)
A Air (SCFM)
W Water (GPM)
- 134 -
S
91
150
220
190
285
440
565
690
810
935
1060
1305
260
430
525
645
785
925
1065
1205
1485
300
495
740
925
1065
1205
1345
1485
400
655
970
1430
1590
1760
440
715
1050
1340
1500
1760
665
900
1220
1500
1760
A
30
50
76
64
95
160
215
270
325
375
430
535
87
145
175
220
290
350
415
475
595
100
165
250
320
390
455
515
580
135
220
325
500
580
655
150
240
350
450
535
615
225
300
410
505
590
11/2"
10.1
W
6.5
9.2
13
9
13
19
24
28
32
35
38
43
10
17
20
23
29
33
37
40
47
10
17
23
29
33
37
40
44
12
20
28
39
44
48
12
20
28
34
39
44
17
23
30
36
41
S
105
170
250
250
375
580
740
900
1065
1230
1390
1710
355
585
715
875
1070
1260
1450
1640
2020
410
675
1010
1260
1450
1640
1830
2020
465
755
1120
1650
1840
2030
A
35
57
87
85
125
210
285
355
425
495
560
700
120
195
240
300
390
480
565
650
815
140
225
340
440
530
620
705
790
155
255
375
575
665
760
VALVE INFO
PAGE 96
2
10.8
W
7.4
10
15
12
17
25
32
37
42
46
50
56
14
23
27
32
39
45
50
55
65
14
23
32
39
45
50
55
60
14
23
32
45
50
55
S
120
230
290
265
395
610
780
950
1120
1290
1460
1800
395
655
800
1000
1190
1400
1620
1830
2260
455
750
1130
1400
1620
1830
2040
2250
515
840
1250
1830
2040
2250
A
40
77
100
89
130
220
295
375
445
520
590
735
130
220
270
335
435
535
630
720
905
155
250
380
485
590
685
785
880
170
280
415
640
740
840
W
8.5
14
17
13
18
27
33
39
44
48
52
60
16
25
30
35
43
50
56
61
71
16
25
35
43
50
56
61
66
16
25
35
50
56
61
EXAMPLE 1
FOR CONDITIONS
WITHIN
EXAMPLE 2
FOR CONDITIONS
CAPACITY TABLE
Given an initial steam pressure of 100 PSIG and a required flow

of 500 #/hr. at a reduced pressure of 30 PSIG, determine
droop, minimum controllable flow pressure and valve size.
In the Capacity Table opposite, the droop has been fixed at
25% of the maximum range of the adjusting spring. Therefore,
for a 30 PSIG delivery pressure, a 25-80 adjusting spring
would be selected. Thus, the droop is (25% x 80 = 20) 20 PSI.
Minimum controllable flow pressure = Reduced Pressure +
Droop = 30 + 20 = 50 PSIG
Entering the Capacity Table at a minimum controllable flow pressure (OUT) of 50 PSIG, an initial pressure (IN) of 100 PSIG, the
smallest valve size capable of delivering 500 #/hr. is the 1" size.
Given an initial steam pressure of 150 psig and a required flow

of 900 #/hr. at a reduced pressure of 25 PSIG, determine the
valve size, droop and minimum controllable flow pressure.
P2 = (25 + 14.7) = 39.7 = .24 thus P = .24P < .58P
2
1
1
P1 (150 + 14.7) 164.7
Therefore, use Critical Flow Cv formula:
W =
900
900
Cv =
=
= 3.2
1.71P1
1.71 (150 + 14.7)
1.71 (164.7)
Referring to the Cv line of the Capacity Table opposite, the 3/4"
valve size (Cv = 3.3) is the smallest valve with the required
capacity.
Droop is a function of valve size (3/4"), regulator capacity in
percent [(3.2 3.3) x 100 = 97%] and adjusting spring range
(10-30). Enter the 3/4" Valve Droop Chart (below) at 97% and
draw a line upward until you intersect the 10-30 curve. From
there , draw a line left to the vertical axis. Droop in this case is
11 PSIG.
Minimum Controllable Flow Pressure = Reduced Pressure +
Droop = 25 + 11 = 36 PSIG
Repeating the above procedure substituting a 1" valve size
with a maximum Cv of 4.9, droop would be 8 PSIG and
minimum controllable flow pressure would be 33 PSIG.
12
34
/ " VALVE DROOP CHART
/ " VALVE DROOP CHART
3-15
10
DROOP, PSIG
DROOP, PSIG
CAPACITY TABLE
OUTSIDE
10-30
15
25-80
25
3-15
10-30
10
15
25-80
25
75-140
35
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT
1" & 11/4" VALVE DROOP CHART
11/2" & 2" VALVE DROOP CHART
100
3-15
10
DROOP, PSIG
DROOP, PSIG
75-140
35
0
10-30
15
25-80
25
10
20
30
40
50
3-15
10
10-40
15
25
75-140
35
30-100
35
60
70
80
90
100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
- 135 -
90
100
SIZING D50
SIZING D50 DIRECT ACTING PRESSURE REGULATOR
REGULATORS
NOTES:
- 136 -

Regulator Sizing

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- 107 -

The capacities contained in this bulletin are based on a specific

minimum controlled flow is often considered as being at 5% of

REDUCED PRESSURE - psi

SIZING MAIN VALVES

DEFINITIONS RELATING TO REGULATOR CAPACITY

TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE

TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE

The performance characteristic of a Spence Pressure Regulator

Minimum Controlled Flow4%

The slight slope of the curve establishes a definite relationship

The lowest reduced pressures are approximate critical pressures.

A. PLANNING THE INSTALLATION

C. DESIGN GUIDELINES TO MINIMIZE NOISE

Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of regulator as possible:

PLANNING MAIN VALVE INSTALLATION

RULES FOR MAIN

RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION

ECONOMICAL MAIN VALVE

ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE

ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE WITH NOISE SUPPRESSION

SELECTING A REGULATOR TYPE

MAIN VALVE SELECTIONSTEAM SERVICE

EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE

(b) TYPE E5 Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75%

MAIN VALVE SELECTIONAIR SERVICE

EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE

(b) TYPE E6 Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75%

MAIN VALVE SELECTIONWATER SERVICE

WATER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

FOR PILOT OPERATED WATER REGULATORS

(b) TYPE E6 with Dashpot-Select where high lift is desired

Area of Pipe in (inches)2

Q = Flow Rate, SCFH

Pv = Vapor Pressure, psia

Specific Volume FT3/#

ABSORPTION W = 16-20 #/Hr./Ton-Hr.

GPM X Temp. Rise (F)

2.1 P (P1 + P2)

AIR & GASES Q = .0259 x V x F x P1

VALVE SIZING BY COMPUTATION

PRESSURE REDUCING STATION DESIGN GUIDELINES

A. When intermediate steam pressure is required.

1. When to use single stage regulator:

B. When concerned with PRV generated noise, use two

A. When load turndown requirement is generally no greater

C. When only one reduced steam pressure level is

II. PARALLEL PRESSURE REGULATORS

IV. TWO STAGE

B. When normal conditions require operation at 10% or

SPACE CONSIDERATIONS FOR REDUCING STATIONS

C. When there are two distinct load requirements; i.e.,

1. Following are rules of thumb for approximating space

2. When to use a pneumatically operated parallel pressure

A. Single stage (with or without noise suppressors)

A. When the combined accuracy of regulation of

Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where

For Spence mechanically operated regulators normal

Pneumatically operated regulators equipped with reset

III. TWO STAGE PRESSURE REGULATORS

Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where

1. When to use two stage pressure regulator stations:

C. Two stage with muffling orifice; same as A above.