RESEARCH METHODLOGY UNIT I Meanings And Importance, Statement, Constrains, Review of Literature Review And Synopsis Presentations.

Research Process, Research Designs Experimental and Non-Experimental. Guidelines for Preparing an Article and Research Report. Computer in Biological Research, Thesis Writing. Biosafety, Ethics of Research and IPR. Project Proposals And Find Generation. UNIT II UV, Visible, Fluresencent, Automatic Adsorption, NMR and MASS Spectroscopy. Measurement of Radio Activity; GM Counter and Scintillation Counter, Thin Layer Chromatography, Colum Chromatography, GLC, HPLC, HPTLC, Ion Exchange Chromatography, Gelfiltration, Adsorption & Affinity. Electrophoresis Techniques, SDS-PAGE, PFGE, Immuno Electrophoresis, Counterimmuno Electrophoresis and AGE. UNIT III Isolation and Quantification of Genomic DNA, Plasmids and Proteins. Blotting and Hybridization. Polymerase Chain Reaction - Principles, Types and Applications, PCR Based DNA Finger Printing, RAPD and STRR Analysis. Restriction Mapping. Cloning Strategies, DNA Sequencing: Manual and Automated Method. UNIT IV Fermentation - Design, Types, Upstream and Down Stream Process. UNIT V Presentation of Data - Measures of Central Tendency - Mean, Median, Mode, Correlation Coefficient, Standard Deviation, Student T And ChiSquare Test. Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA) And Its Uses. Internet BasicsWorld Wide Web (WWW) GenBank Sequence Data Bases NCBI, EMBL, and DDBJ Retrieving Database Entries. Sequence Alignment and Database Searching FASTA, BLAST. Phylogenetic Analysis. Secondary and 3D Structure Prediction Using DNA And Protein Sequences. Data Processing and Publishing.

ADVANCED PAPER IN MICROBIOLOGY UNIT I Confocal Microscopy; DNA Microarray for Comparative and Evolutionary Genomics; Flow Cytometry; Photo and Video Micrography and Autoradiography. UNIT II Exploration of Bioactive Compound from Extrenomophiles, Bio Remediation, Bio Sensors, Biofuel and Bioflim. Remote Sensing Microbiology. UNIT III Laboratory and Hospital Acquired Infection, Emergence of MDR and XDR Microbes. Automated Diagnostic Methods. Bio Weapons, Recombinant Vaccines. Environmental Aspects of Emerging Diseases. UNIT IV Microbes in Nontechnology, Biopolymers, Biosurfactants, Biofertilizers, Bio Pesticides, Bioluminescence, Genetically Modified Organisms. UNIT V Drug Discovery and Design; Marine Microbial Antibiotics; Microbial Therapeutic Enzymes, Microbial Pigments, Single Cell Proteins.

LABORATORY TECHNIQUES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY UNIT I Methods of Microbiological examination of foods - direct examination, culture techniques for food borne Microorganisms. Enumeration of Microorganisms - Plate count, Viable count, Total count and MPN counts, Detection of spoilage - indicator organisms, dye reduction tests, electrical methods and determination of ATP. Rapid methods for the detection of specific organisms and toxins - Immunological and Molecular methods. Guidelines for Microbiological specification and standards - Quality control in food manufacture - HACCP. Investigation of food borne disease outbreak. Quality assurance tests in dairy Microbiology. Probiotic microbes - Isolation and testing of efficacy. UNIT II Screening of Microorganisms with fermentation potentials and strain development. Fermentation - types - Quality control in industrial fermentations. Extraction methods and assay of Vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics and trace elements. Automation of Microbiological assay. Pilot fermentation Laboratory setup and requirements (Antibiotics, organic acids, enzymes, solvents, amino acids, vitamins, yeasts, SCP, fermented foods, insulin, interferon, vaccines and TPA). Standardization of fermentation parameters. UNIT III Isolation and identification of soil microbes - Direct approaches, indirect approaches (cell extraction and culturing) - Microbial biomarkers. Isolation and study of Rhizosphere, Phyllosphere, Mycorrhizae, Nitrogen fixers and Phosphate solublisers. Methods of investigation of Plant diseases and isolation of pathogens. Biofertilizers - composition, production, field applications and maintenance. Analysis of soil - Physical, chemical and biological factors. Bioinsecticides - formulations - standardization and field applications.

UNIT IV Air Microbiology - detection, and enumeration of microbes in air sanitation methods. Assessment of Physico-chemical and Microbiological quality and methods of treatment of drinking water. Investigation of water pollution - BOD, COD, TSS, TDS and TS. Sewage treatment methods primary, secondary and tertiary. Solid waste maintenance - Composting, Waste water recycling methods.