Lungs Each lung is conical in shape.

These are organ of respiration they are situated in thoracic cage they are covered by pleura The lungs are spongy in texture in young they are brown or grey in color Gross anatomy Weight of RT lung is 625 Gms it has base apex Base is situated on thoraco-abdominal diaphragm so base is also called as diaphragmatic surface Apex projects 1 above the first rib in to thoracic inlet The Apex of the Lung The rounded, tapered superior end or apex of the Lung extends through the superior thoracic aperture into the root of the neck. Here, it lies in close contact to the dome or the cupula of the pleura. The apex of the lung is crossed by the subclavian artery, which produces a groove in the mediastinal surface. The artery, however, is separated from the cupula by the suprapleural membrane.

The Base of the Lung This is the concave diaphragmatic surface of the lung, which is related to the dome of the diaphragm. The base of the right lung is deeper because the right dome rises to a more superior level. It has three borders 1. Anterior - it is straight 2. Posterior - rounded 3. Inferior Surfaces- it has got three surfaces 1. Inferior (base)- diaphragmatic 2. Lateral costal 3. Medial-mediastinal Gross anatomy Surfaces of the Lung The Costal Surface of the Lung This surface is large, smooth, and convex. It is related to the costal pleura, which separates it from the ribs, their costal cartilages, and the innermost intercostal muscles. The posterior part of this surface is related to the

thoracic vertebrae. The Mediastinal Surface This medial surface is concave because it is related to the middle mediastinum. Because 2/3 of the heart is to the left, the pericardial concavity is deeper in the left lung. The mediastinal surface of the embalmed lung shows a cardiac impression produced by the heart and the great vessels. This surface also contains the root of the lung, around which the pleura forms a "sleeve" or covering. The pulmonary ligament hangs inferiorly from The pleural sleeve around the root of the lung. The Diaphragmatic Surface This is a deeply concave surface, often referred to as the base of the lung. It rests on the convex dome of the diaphragm. The concavity is deeper in the right lung because of the higher position of the dome.

Laterally and posteriorly, the diaphragmatic surface is bound by a thin sharp margin that projects into the costodiaphragmatic recess. Borders of the Lungs The Anterior Border of the Lung This border is thin and sharp and overlaps the pericardium. There is an indentation in the anterior border of the left lung (cardiac notch). In each lung, the anterior border separates the costal surface from the mediastinal surface. During deep inspiration, the lung projects into the costomediastinal recess of the pleura. The Posterior Border of the Lung This border is broad and rounded and lies in the deep concavity at the side of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, called the paravertebral gutter. The Inferior Border of the Lung

This border circumscribes the diaphragmatic surface from the costal surface. It is thin and sharp where it projects into the costodiaphragmatic recess. It is, however, blunt and rounded medially, where it separates the diaphragmatic surface from the mediastinal surface. RT lung has two fissures oblique & horizontal These fissures divided in to RT lung in to three lobes these are 1. Upper 2. Middle 3. Lower Left lung Its weight is about 575 Gms it is slightly longer then RT lung It has gotbase, apex Borders 1. Anterior - presence of cardiac notch it shows a process called as lingual 2. Posterior - it is rounded 3. Inferior Surfaces - three 1. Inferior - base or diaphragmatic 2. Lateral - costal 3. Medial - mediastinal

Fissures - it has only one fissure called as oblique Lobes- it has two lobes 1. Upper 2. Lower Difference bet RT&LT lung Right Left Heavier Lighter 625 gm 575 gm Shorter Longer Two fissures One fissure Three lobes Two lobes Mediastinal surface Right lung 1. Rt atrium and auricle 2. Small part of RT ventricle 3. SVC 4. Lower part of RT brachiocephalic vein 5. Azygos vein 6. Oesophaus 7. IVC 8. Trachea 9. RT vagus nerve 10. RT phrenic nerve Left lung 1. LT atrium and LT auricle

LT ventricle 3. Pulmonary trunk 4. Arch of aorta 5. Descending thoracic aorta 6. LT subclavian artery 7. Thoracic duct 8. Oesophaus 9. LT brachiocephalic vein 10. Left vagus nerve 11. Left phrenic nerve 12. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
2.