Respiratory system Heres a question: If you lost your nose, would you still be able to smell?

Believe it or not, the answer is yes! Even though the nose is the organ of smell, its only the outside part. Theres an inside part that you cant see. Thats where the smelling gets done. Parts of respiratory system 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. nose nasopharynx trachea bronchus lungs

THE NOSE There are all kinds of noses in the animal world: big or small, flat or round, and long or short. In people, what we call the nose is the formation of bone, cartilage (tough tissue), and skin on the front of the face. The nose has two openings called nostrils. They allow air to come in and go out. When that happens, the nose collects the molecules of substances that cause odors. The nose has other functions, too. The stiff hairs in the nostrils help keep out dust, dirt, and insects that you might take in when you breathe. Once inside the nose, the air you breathe is warmed and moistened in the big nasal cavity before going to the lungs. The nasal cavity is the big space behind your nostrils. Its what gets stuffed up and swollen when you have a cold. The size, shape, and health of your nose help determine the way your voice sounds. Pinch your nose shut and talk. Can you hear the difference? SMELL Smell is the detection of odors. Its one of the five senses. The others are touch, taste, sight, and hearing. Smelling takes place deep inside the nasal cavity. Thats because there are nerve endings called olfactory nerves located there. You actually smell stuff somewhere roughly between your eyes! When a molecule that represents an odor hits the olfactory nerves, these nerve endings send a signal to your brain. The brain then determines what the smell is, and you recognize it. Most people can detect about 10,000 different odors! Unfortunately, one of them is dirty socks.

Smell plays a big part in the sense of taste, too. The taste buds can only detect four tastes: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. Your sense of smell adds to these tastes. Thats why food is so rich and varied in taste. Thats also why if your nose is blocked up, your taste buds dont work well either. ANIMAL NOSES For most animals, the nose and sense of smell are crucial to survival. They help animals find food. They can help animals tell friends from enemies and find mates. Many animals have noses with extra talents. The elephants trunk is long like an arm and useful like a hand. Its a trumpet when an elephant calls, and its a hose that allows an elephant to drink or give itself a shower. Horses and camels can open and close their nostrils the way you can open and close your eyes. It helps them keep dirt or sand out when the wind is blowing. A young salmon will travel thousands of miles downriver and into the ocean to live. Years later, it can use its sense of smell to return to the exact place it was born. Its ability to smell is that good! Can you imagine finding your way home from school only using your nose? Lungs Take a deep breath. Feel how your chest swells. Lungs inside your body are filling up with air. Every time you breathe in, or inhale, your lungs fill up with air. When you breathe out, or exhale, your lungs empty out. You probably breathe about 20 times every minute. If you are running or playing hard, you might take 80 breaths a minute. What happens to all this air? It goes to your lungs. Your lungs are like two big sponges inside your chest. Lungs are the body organs you use for breathing. All mammals, birds, reptiles, most amphibians, and even some fish have lungs. Your lungs are inside a big cave in your body called your chest cavity. One lung is on the right side of your chest cavity. The other is on the left side. Your heart is in between your lungs. The sides, or walls, of this cavity are made of thick muscles and bones called ribs. The muscles make the walls move out and in when you inhale or exhale. This makes your lungs fill up or empty out. The muscles and ribs also protect your lungs from getting hurt. Respiration When you inhale air through your nose or your mouth, that air takes off on an incredible journey. First it goes down the back of your throat, past your voice box, and into your windpipe, or trachea. Your trachea is like a tunnel that branches off into two more tunnels called bronchial tubes or bronchi. Each bronchial tube goes off to one of your lungs. It

doesnt matter whether the air goes to the right lung or the left lung. Both lungs do the same job. Inside your lungs, the bronchi are like upside-down trees. They split into smaller and smaller branches and then into many twigs. The twigs end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. So far, the air has just been along for the ride. Inside the alveoli the air really goes to work. Its job is to keep you alive. The job of the air in your alveoli is to bring oxygen into your body and take carbon dioxide out. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are two invisible gases in air. The secret to doing this job is blood. Respiration = inspiration The air in your alveoli sends oxygen into your blood. Your blood flows through a system of tubes called blood vessels. First, blood full of oxygen goes to your heart. Your heart is like a big pump. It sends the oxygen-filled blood whooshing off to all parts of your body. The blood vessels that deliver oxygen are called arteries. Arteries branch off into smaller and smaller tubes. The tiniest blood vessels are called capillaries. Capillaries reach every cell in your body and drop off the oxygen. In your cells, the oxygen works with food to make energy for you. Expiration After your blood drops off the oxygen in your bodys cells, it picks up carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a waste product. It is created when your body cells use oxygen and food to make energy. This waste has got to go. So your blood carries it back to your lungs. The blood vessels that carry blood full of carbon dioxide are called veins. Veins carry blood back to your heart. Your heart pumps the blood into your lungs. Finally, your blood drops off the carbon dioxide in your alveoli. The carbon dioxide leaves the opposite way that the oxygen came in. Your lungs push carbon dioxide out of your body when you exhale. Taking oxygen into your body and giving off carbon dioxide is called respiration. The story gets even better. Plants use the carbon dioxide that you and other animals exhale. Carbon dioxide and sunlight help plants make food. A waste product that plants give off is the oxygen that you need for life. KEEPING YOUR LUNGS HEALTHY Germs can cause lung diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia. These are serious health problems. Smoking tobacco causes other lung diseases, such as lung cancer and emphysema. People with emphysema have trouble getting enough oxygen in their blood.

Diseases caused by smoking can be deadly. Smoking also makes asthma and chronic bronchitis worse. These conditions make breathing difficult. Applied anatomy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. T.B. in this lung tissues becomes nonfunctional asthma temporary contraction of alveoli in lungs but it may become permanent bronchitis inflammation to bronchioles ,bronchus are the unit of lungs lung cancer- part of lungs become stone like or damaged pleural effusion fluid in pleura ,pleura is the covering of lungs haemothorax blood in pleural cavity coryza

It is very important to keep your lungs healthy. The best thing you can do for your lungs is to not smoke Dr. Santosh sawai Msc .Anatomy