LTE

Agenda
What the Downlink has to do

Detailed downlink channel analysis

Agilent Equipment used

Q&A

When Its Valuable To Understand the DL signal

You are building the baseband signal and need to independently verify it You are feeding an unknown base station signal into a UE receiver and want to check whats in the signal You have a low level interoperability problem You want to understand the structure of the downlink signal You want to find out why throughput results are not as high as you were expecting (track the HARQ processes in DL or UL)

DL Mapping of Logical, Transport & PHY Channels

LTE Air Interface: Downlink Physical Channels (1 of 2)

Broadcast Channel PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Indicator Channels PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
PBCH:
Base Station (eNB) - Carries cell specific information such as system bandwidth, number of Tx antennas etc - Transmitted in the centre 72 subcarriers (6 RB) around DC at OFDMA symbol #0 to #3 of Slot #1 of sub-frame #0 - Modulation scheme = QPSK User Equipment (UE)

PCFICH:
- Carries information on the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission of PDCCHs in a sub-frame - Transmitted on symbol #0 of slot 0 in a sub-frame - Modulation scheme = QPSK

PHICH:
- Carries the hybrid-ARQ ACK/NACK feedback to the UE for the blocks received - Transmitted on symbol #0 of every sub-frame (Normal duration) and symbols #0, 1 & 2 of every sub-frame (Extended duration) if the number of PDCCH symbols = 3 - Modulation scheme = BPSK (CDM)

LTE Air Interface: Downlink Physical Channels (2 of 2)

Control Channel PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Shared (P l d) Channel Sh d (Payload) Ch l PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel

Base Station (eNB)

PDCCH - Carries uplink and downlink scheduling assignments and other control information depending on format type (there are 4 formats) - Transmitted on the first 1, 2 or 3 symbols of every subframe - Modulation scheme = QPSK PDSCH - Carries downlink user data - Transmitted on sub-carriers and symbols not occupied by the rest of downlink channels and signals - Modulation scheme = QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM

User Equipment (UE)

Agenda
What the Downlink has to do

Detailed downlink channel analysis

Agilent Equipment used

Q&A

LTE Downlink Channel - PBCH (physical broadcast channel)

PBCH contains cell-specific information system bandwidth, number of Tx antennas PHICH configuration etc Contains Master Information Block (MIB) of the BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel) transport channel. Broadcasted by eNB to entire coverage area of the cell. Transmission time interval (TTI) is 40 ms Transmitted in the centre 72 subcarriers (6 RB) around DC Subframe 0, Slot 1 & symbol #0 to #3 Modulation scheme = QPSK

PBCH Allocation

Control Area

Data Area

PBCH Decoded Information

FrameNum system frame number for each frame in the measurement interval Bandwidth Transmission bandwidth Num TxAnt number of transmit antennas PHICH PHICH resource allocation size (Ng) and Duration

Physical Downlink Channel - PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)

Indicatesthe number symbols allocated
for PDCCH in each subframe.
PDCCH symbols in subframe can vary between 1 and 3. For 1.4MHz LTE profile, the number of symbols varies between 2 and 4. PDCCH resource adjustment from PCFICH

Location and modulation of PCIFCH is fixed.

Transmitted every subframe. Modulation = QPSK

Frequency (Sub-Carrier or RB)

Time (Symbol)

PCFICH Subframe Subframe 1 and 6 for frame structure type 2 (TDD) Subframe 0 for frame structure type 1 (FDD) Number of OFDM symbols for PDCCH when NRB > 10 1, 2 1, 2, 3 Number of OFDM symbols for PDCCH when NRB 10 2 2, 3, 4

PCFICH Decoded Information

#PDCCH SymPerSubframe = comma separated list of values, one for each subrame, indicating the number of symbols allocated to PDCCH. For TDD, UL subframes are annotated with letter U (PDCCH only transmitted in DL.

LTE-TDD

#PDCCH SymPerSubframe = comma separated list of values, one for each subrame, indicating the number of symbols allocated to PDCCH. For FDD, PDCCH is transmitted in every subframe.

LTE-FDD

LTE Downlink Channel - PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

PDCCH carries DL or UL scheduling assignments and UL power control
Transmitted on the first 1, 2 or 3 symbols of every subframe (2 to 4 symbols for 1.4MHz LTE profile) Modulation scheme = QPSK PDCCH has 4 Downlink Control Information (DCI) Formats: PDCCH format 0 1 2 3 Number of Control Channel Elements (CCEs) 1 2 4 8 Number of resourceelement groups 9 18 36 72 Number of PDCCH bits 72 144 288 576

DCI Format 0: PUSCH allocation information DCI Format 1 and its variants (1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) : PDSCH information with one codeword DCI Format 2 and its variants (2, 2A): PDSCH information with two codewords DCI Format 3 and its variants (3, 3A): Uplink power control information

LTE Downlink Channel - Downlink Transmission Modes

Transmission mode defines what kind of downlink transmissions the UE should expect. Different DCI formats are used depending on transmission mode. Refer to TS36.213 TS36 213 section 7 1 for DCI transmission modes and formats details 7.1

Transmission Condition of transmission mode mode (configured by UE) 1 Single-antenna port; port 0 2 Transmit diversity 3 Open loop spatial multiplexing Closed l Cl d loop spatial ti l 4 multiplexing 5 Multi-user MIMO 6 Closed loop rank=1 precoding 7 Single-antenna port,; port 5

Reference DCI format (partial) 1,1A 1,1A 2A 2 1D 1B 1,1A

LTE Downlink Channel - PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identity) is used to scramble the CRC of PDCCH transmission . Each DCI carriers its own RNTI which can be identified by target UE. Different RNTI has different usage: g C-RNTI= Cell RNTI: an RNTI unique to a particular UE (identifies a UE) SI-RNTI=System Information RNTI (Broadcast of System Information) P-RNTI=Paging RNTI (Paging and System Information change info) RA-RNTI=Random Access RNTI (Random Access Response) TPC-RNTI= Transmit Power Control RNTI ( For power control, DCI 3) RNTI values has been specified in TS36.321 section 7.1
Value (hexa-decimal) (hexa decimal) 0000 0001-003C 003D-FFF3 FFF4-FFFD FFFE FFFF RNTI N/A RA-RNTI, C-RNTI, Semi-Persistent Scheduling C-RNTI, Temporary C-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI and TPC-PUSCH-RNTI (see note) C-RNTI, Semi-Persistent Scheduling C-RNTI, Temporary C-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI and TPC-PUSCH-RNTI Reserved for future use P-RNTI SI-RNTI

PDCCH Decoded Information

DCI Format = 2, employing Closed loop spatial multiplexing

see backup slide for description of the other decoded information

Physical Downlink Channel - PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)

Contains Hybrid Indication (HI) control information Indicates in the DL direction whether an uplink packet was correctly received or not UE decodes PHICH based on the UL allocation information received on PDCCH Transmitted in every subframe Modulation BPSK Multiple PHICHs mapped to the same set of resource elements (sub-carriers) form a PHICH group. PHICH within the same PHICH group are PHICHs ithi th separated through different orthogonal sequences.

1/3 rate Repeatition Coding

b0 , b1 , b2
BPSK Modulation

3GPP TS 36.212 Figure 5 3 5 1 36 212 5.3.5-1

HI = 0: NACK HI = 1: ACK

PHICH Decoded Information

Values of the PHICHs are one of the following: g A- ACK N- NACK 0 Off (inactive PHICH sequence index)

LTE Downlink Channel - PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)

PDSCH contains System Info (SIB), Paging (PCH) and Payload Data Transmitted on sub-carriers and symbols not occupied by the rest of downlink channels and signals Modulation scheme = QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM

Logical Channels Transport Channels

BCCH

PCCH

CCCH DCCH DTCH

BCH

PCH

DL-SCH
DCI CFI HI

Physical Channels

PBCH

PDSCH

PDCCH

PCFICH PHICH

PDSCH Decoded Information

SA & SS Downlink Channel (De)coding Summary

DL Channel PBCH PCFICH PHICH Content MIB System Info Num PDCCH Symbols HARQ ACK/NACK Signal Studio AutoEncoding Status Supported Supported Supported
(user-defined RV index sequence is possible)

89600 VSA Decoding Status Supported Supported Supported

(auto detects PHICH Sequence activity reporting Ack / Nack / Off values within DL Decode Info trace)

PDCCH

DL & UL Scheduling, Power Control

Supported
(supports PDSCH allocation, UE sched, UE RA, UE power control)

Supported
(auto detects any RNTI and any of DCI Formats 0, 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2, 2A, 3, , , , C, , , , 3A)

PDSCH

System Info (SIB), Paging, Payload Data

Supported
(all allocation types)

Supported
(auto detects any Type 0, 1, 2 Bitmapped, Localized and Distributed RB allocation, and decodes PDSCH CRC = Pass/Fail result)

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Agenda
What the Downlink has to do

Detailed downlink channel analysis

Agilent Equipment used

Q&A

89600B VSA Signal Analysis

In-depth analog and demodulated signal analysis Extensive Downlink & Uplink decoding g Option BHD FDD Option BHE TDD

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X-Series N9080A/82A: LTE FDD/TDD Measurement Applications

Supports 3GPP Mar-09 LTE standard Embedded solution with SCPI Programming One-button power measurements (ACLR, SEM, etc..) with standard presets Setup files for All E-UTRA Test Models Downlink (OFDMA) and uplink (SC-FDMA) analysis in a single option All LTE bandwidths: 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz All LTE modulation types and sequences: BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, Zadoff-Chu Analyzes Tx diversity plus timing and p y yp g phase offset measurements for MIMO signals Supports Agilent X-Series (PXA/MXA/EXA) Signal Analyzers

Signal Generation & Analysis Higher Order MIMO

Signal generation:
Downlink 8x8 & uplink 4x4 is not available today; under investigation Up to 4x4 downlink MIMO is available using existing LTE solutions

Signal Analysis:
Downlink 8x8 MIMO & uplink 4x4 MIMO not available at initial release Up to 4x4 downlink MIMO is available using existing LTE solutions Future 8x8 MIMO solution will be based on N7109A hardware. Timing to be determined X-Series analyzers are not optimum choice for LTE-Advanced MIMO due to:
Limitation to 2x2 MIMO using dual MXA or EXA. Most LTE-Advanced customers will be interested in higher than 2x2 MIMO. Dual MXA or EXA is not supported with 40 MHz bandwidth and dual PXA is not currently supported.

Do you have customers working on 8x8 MIMO today? If so, we would love to hear from you!

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Signal Studio LTE Waveform Creation

N7624B LTE FDD N7625A LTE TDD Basic and advanced waveform generation

Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) Signal Generation (FDD Only this time)

Allows you to build multi-format, multi-carrier signal with single signal generator Imports waveforms from:
N7600B Signal Studio for 3GPP W-CDMA N7602B Signal Studio for GSM / EDGE N7601B Signal Studio for 3GPP2 CDMA

Add amplitude offset, up to -60 dB # of carriers can be imported is limited by # of licenses attached to each carriers View graphics of each carrier or composite waveform
Spectrum, Power, CCDF

License is required for each imported waveforms

Note: Built-in WCDMA carrier generation capability is replaced by waveform import feature

CW

EDGE

LTE

WCDMA

C2K

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SystemVue System Design Software

W1910EP Baseband Verification W1912ET Exploration

E6621A (MIMO) Real Time eNB Emulator

N6051A RF parametric test with test mode signaling N6052A Functional and application test N6061A Protocol logging and analysis N6062A Message editor

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Summary
1: The LTE downlink signal is highly dynamic, changing on every subframe 2: The spectrum and time structure of the downlink gives a fast basic check of the signal structure 3: Automated decoding of the BCH, CFI, PHICH, PDCCH and PDSCH in the 89600 VSA, allows verification of configurations and resource allocations 4: When checking suspect DCI signals, switching from decoded to power based analysis helps isolate problems 5: Control messages and user data can be transmitted differently in the same frame when there is more than 1 transmitter It is important to transmitter. check the MIMO configuration when investigating CRC failures 6: The SIB RNTI allows them to be readily isolated for decoding and displaying the content

References
1: LTE and The Evolution to 4G Wireless Design and Measurement Challenges Agilent Technologies. Edited by Moray Rumney
www.agilent.com/find/ltebook

2: 3GPP specifications 36.211, 36.212, 36.213 3: 89600 Help system (provides further references to the standard) 4: Video clip showing recovery of SIB with 89600:
http://www.youtube.com/user/agilentlte?feature=mhum#p/a/u/0/fVqPIsKejQs

Acronym list: http://www.home.agilent.com/upload/cmc_upload/All/LTE_Acronyms.pdf With thanks to Craig Grimley and other colleagues at Agilent Technologies for their help in preparing this presentation

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