Welcome to The Presentation on Erection Engineering of Steel Structures

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Venue : Abu Dhabi Mens College, Abu Dhabi, UAE. UAE. Date D : 22.02.12 22.02. Presented : R. Anandaraj, M.E.(Struct.), PGDIM, PMP Engineering Manager, Eversendai Engineering LLC, Dubai

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TOPICS COVERED

1. IntroductiontoErectionengineering 2. ImportanceofErectionEngineering 3. E Examplesofsteelcollapseduringconstructionanditsreason l f t l ll d i t ti dit 4. Variousmethodsoferection 5. ErectionMethodStatement 6. Analysisanddesignrequirementsfrompermanentanderection g gp p engineeringperspective 7. CasestudyonBurjkhalifa(SpireandPinnacle)

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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1. INTRODUCTION TO ERECTION ENGINEERING

ErectionEngineeringistheprocessofworkingoutasimple,safeand ErectionEngineeringistheprocessofworkingoutasimple safeand economicalwayoferectingsteelstructureswithgivensiteconditions, resources,timeandquality. , q y TheChallengingpartofthisprocessistosatisfystability,strengthand g gp p y y, g serviceabilityrequirementsofbothpermanentandtemporarystructures includingsupportingconcretefrompartialtofinalbuiltstagewithbuilding envelopes. Thisprocessneedtorespectconstructionspecificcodalrequirements, tolerances,lockinforces,safetymarginswithoutexceedinganyofpermanent andtemporarymemberandconnectioncapacities. dt b d ti iti

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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2. IMPORTANCE OF ERECTION ENGINEERING

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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Structures are Unique and complex

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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Structures are Unique and complex

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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Stability
Lateralstabilityinpermanentconditionisachieved byprovidingmomentresistingframes,braced frames,connectingtocorewalls,concrete diaphragmsetc.

Absenceoftheseelementsleadtostructural instability.

Oneofmainaimduringerectionistomaintainthe stabilityofstructureatalltimes.Moststructures whichcollapsedosoduetoinstabilityduring erection.

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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Stability LateralArrestorframes TemporaryMembers

Temporarytowers

Lateralstabilityintemporaryconditionis achievedbyprovidingtemporarybracings, hi db idi t b i supportingontemporarytowers,guywires etc., etc

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

Guywires

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Excessive Deflection

Verticaldeflection 13mm Verticaldeflection=13mm Hzldef.=10mm

PERMANENTCONDITION

TEMPORARYCONDITION

Hzldeflection=37mm

Verticaldeflection=47mm
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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Loadings are different during erection Erectionstage Self weight for different stage. Construction Load (1.0 kN/m2) Impact Load (15% of Self weight) Wind Loads Reduced probability factor Different solidity, shielding factor y, g Temperature Load (+/ 35 degree) Moving loads Temperature Load (+/ 25 degree) Earthquake Load Finishedstage Self Weight of complete structure Super Imposed Dead Load Live Load Wind Load (45 m/sec) d d (Full Cladding)

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THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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Support condition

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Trussesare Continuous over supportsin design g

Trusses are discontinuous and Simply supported

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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3. COLLPASE OF BUILDINGS DURING CONSTRUCTION

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 1
Building configuration
Area = 70m x 85m

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Four floors having composite deck Roof floor is an unfilled steel deck Rigid frames running across the entire width and length of building 1.25m cantilever projection on periphery of each floors CantileverBeams Boundarycolumn

Five storey office building

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 1

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CantileverMemberFailure

CollapsedBuilding

SchematicPlan

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 1

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Technicalcauseofcollapse:
Thepermanent,fullpenetration,weldedconnectionsoftheends ofthecantileverstothefaceoftheflangesofcolumn,whichwere designedtoresistmoment,werenotmade.Therefore,moment andshearduetotheweightofthedeckbundlesandsteelframing hadtoberesistedbytheerectionanglesandtheweldconnecting themtothefacesofthecolumnflanges. h h f f h l fl

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 1

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Proceduralcauseofcollapse:
Whenthefabricatorrevisedhisshopdetailstochangethecantileverconnectionsfromshopwelds tofieldwelds,hedidnotissueanyreviseddrawings totheerectorortothegeneralcontractor.

Healsodidnotprovidethemwithanyotherwritteninstructionsonerectionprocedureor limitationsontheloadthatcouldbeimposedonthecantileverspriortomakingthepermanent weldedconnectionstothecolumns.

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 2
Complexconsistsmany independentstructurelinked togethertoformanshapeof g p L AtoneendoftheL,there isahighbaylibrarybuilding g y y g Buildingis113feetwideand 120feetdeep Roofheightis28feet

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TieJoistsarelocatedonthe
columncentrelinesandit preventsrelativemovements betweenthelinesofcolumn Andnecessaryforsafe erection
TieJoist Ti J i t

Joist

Largeschoolcomplexbuilding

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 2

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Joistsarebracedagainstbuckling duringerectionby5rowscross bracingscalledcross bridging

Topofajoistisbracedtothe bottomoftheadjacentjoistsand thebottomofthejoistsare bracedtothetopoftheadjacent joists

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 2

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Collapseof112FootLongDeepspanSteelJoists

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 2

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CollapsedJoists Framesrunningfromleftforegroundtotherightbackground

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 2

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CauseofCollapse
Theloadsimposedonthejoistsduringtheirerectionweretheweightofthejoists, Approximately45lbs/ftofjoistincludingbridgingandtheweightof3ironworkers (connectors),say170lbseach.Thesearegravityloads,allactingdownward.Inaddition therearesmallincidentalhorizontaldynamicloadsfromthemovementoftheconnectors; theseloadsareinsignificantwithregardstostructuralsafety. Therearetwopossiblemodesoffailureofthejoistsaserected,duetotheabovementioned gravityloads: 1) Thetopchordofan individualjoistbucklinglaterally accompaniedbythetwistingofthe ) h h d f d d l b kl l ll i db h i i f h joistsbetweenlateralsupports(e.g.betweenthebridging) 2) Overallhorizontalbucklingoftheentirejoist/bridgingsystem Thelatermodeinvolvesbendingofthecrossbridgingandoveralltwistingofthe individualjoistsbetweentheirendsupports.

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 3 Rooftrussescollapseduringconstruction

L Longsingle storeyindustrialbuilding i l i d i lb ildi of200mlongand60mwide

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Long spanPitchedRoofanditcomprised 29numbersofsteeltrusses

Trusses59mspanandmidheight10.8m

IndustrialBuilding
ErectionoftheTrussesdidnotcommencefromoneendofthegableendwall,andasa resultthefirst3adjacenttrussesthatwereerectedwerebracedagainsteachotherinstead ofbeingbracedagainstarigidgableendwall. Temporarysupportingtowerswereusedasintermediatesupportstofacilitateerection. Temporar s pportingto ers ere sedasintermediates pportstofacilitateerection

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 3

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CollapsedTrusses

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BUILDING COLLAPSE - 3 CauseofCollapse

Afterthefirst3trusseswereerected,thecontractorremovedthetemporarysupporting towerssituatedatmid spanofthetrusses.The3trussescollapsed shortly i d id f h Th ll d h l Oncompletionoferectionprocess,someofthepurlinandtiebeamsneartemporarytowers werenotinstalled soastoprovideaclearspaceforlifting. ti t ll d t id l f lifti Temporarydiagonalbracingswerealsonotusedtoprovideeffectivelateralstabilityand torsionalrigiditytothetrusses. torsionalrigiditytothetrusses

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LearningPoints
Alltemporarysupportsandbracingsshouldalsobedesignedforanyincidentallateralforces duringtheconstruction Lateralanddiagonalrestraintsforerectionoftrussesshouldbeconnectedtosufficientlyrigid supports. Supervisionisveryimportantduringtheconstruction.Thebuilder,QPandsitesupervisor shouldbevigilanttoensurethattherearenomissingelements

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4. VARIOUS METHODS OF ERECTION

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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CONVENTIONAL

METHOD

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Erectionofstructuredirectlyinfinalpositionusingtowercranesandtemporary structuresuchasTemporarytowerandscaffoldings UsingTemporaryTower Components

Spreaderbeams StandardModules NonStandardModules TopModule Trusssupportingbeam Jacksupportingbeam LateralTies

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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CONVENTIONAL Components
Pipes Alshores Megashores

METHOD

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UsingScaffolding

Sequence
Erectionofspreaderbeamand E ti f d b d scaffoldingcomponents Erectionofpermanentmembers Fromoneend Frombothend Stabilizing Aligning/surveying Erectinginfillmembers E i i fill b Welding/boltingofmain andinfillmembers p pp g Depropping

SalientPoints
Morestable&willcarrylesserloads Bettercontrolonalignmentofpermanentstructure Occupieslotofspaceobstructingworkbelow

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING

METHOD

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Assemblingthestructureinremoteplaceontemporarystructureand g p p y movingtofinalpositionusingstrandjacks,winches,chainblocksorany Mechanicalequipment.

Variousmethodsarehorizontalstraightsliding,Horizontalcurvedsliding, Verticallifting,Verticalliftingandhorizontalsliding,tilting V ti llifti V ti llifti dh i t l lidi tilti

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING VERTICALLIFTINGMETHOD Components

Temporarytowers/jigs Slidingbeams J k Jacks Strands Lifting/slidingframes

METHOD

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THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING

METHOD

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Operationofstrandjack O ti f t dj k

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Operation of Strand Jack

Strand cable g p y Safe lifting capacity 15.5 MT per strand Top anchor

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Hydraulic cylinder Hollow centre

Bottom anchor

Generalviewofstrandjack

Courtesy by DLT

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Operation of Strand Jack

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Strand wedges Grip strand when closed Grip opening jack

Grip opening Plate. Connected to grip release tubes

Anchor block, with machined cones for strand wedges

Cutawayofbottomanchor

Courtesy by DLT

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Operation of Strand Jack

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Cutawayoftopanchor

Courtesy by DLT

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STRANDJACK LOADLIFTINGSEQUENCE

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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Top anchor status Green = closed Top anchor closed Red = open

120% 100%
Expected load

Closed

Jack load indicator Bottom anchor status B tt h t t

0%

Load in bottom anchor

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 0 1600 0 kN kN mm

Bottom anchor closed

Closed

Stroke

Readyforstrandliftingstroke

Courtesy by DLT

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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120%

Closed

100%

Jack stroke indicator

0%

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 1580 1600 15 kN kN mm
Courtesy by DLT

Closed

Stroke

2 Extendramtotransferloadtotopanchor

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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120%

Closed

100%

0%

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 1580 1600 250 kN kN mm

Closed

Stroke

3 Strandliftingstroke

Courtesy by DLT

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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Closed
120% 100%

0%

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 1580 1600 500 kN kN mm

Closed

Stroke

4 Topofstrandliftingstroke

Courtesy by DLT

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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Closed
120% 100%

0%

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 1580 1600 480 kN kN mm

Closed

Stroke

5 Retractramtotransferloadtobottomanchor

Courtesy by DLT

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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Open
120% 100%

0%

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 1580 1600 480 kN kN mm

Closed

Stroke

6 Readyforramretractstroke

Courtesy by DLT

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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Open

120% 100%

0%

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 1580 1600 250 kN kN mm

Closed Retractstroke

Stroke

Courtesy by DLT

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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120%

Open

100%

0%

Jack No. Load Pre-set

3 1580 1600 0 kN kN mm

Closed

Stroke

8 Bottomofretractstroke

Courtesy by DLT

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Strand jack load lifting sequence

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120%

Closed

100%

0%

Jack No. Load L d Pre-set

3 1580 1600 0 kN kN mm

Closed

Stroke

9 Readyfornextliftingcycle

Courtesy by DLT

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STRAND JACKING Sliding Method

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THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING

Vertical & Sliding method

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Temporary rail truss

Temporary rail truss

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING

Vertical & Sliding Method

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ASSEMBLY UNDER PROGRESS

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING

Vertical & Sliding Method

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LIFTING UNDER PROGRESS

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING

Vertical & Sliding Method

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SLIDING DIRECTION

LIFTING DIRECTION

HORIZONTAL SLIDING UNDER PROGRESS OVER RAIL TRUSS

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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STRAND JACKING

Tilting Method

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Arch - View at Permanent Condition

Arch Length - 315 A hL th 315m Arch Height - 133m Arch Diameter - 7m Arch Weight - 1750T Tilting Angle - 30 to 112degrees

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STRAND JACKING

Tilting Method

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Arch - View at Permanent Condition

Courtesy by DLT

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STRAND JACKING Photo 1

Tilting Method Photo 2

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Photo 3

Photo 4

Courtesy by DLT

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STRAND JACKING

Tilting Method

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STRAND JACKING

Tilting Method

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CAT HEADS Components

Embedmentforcatheads Temporarykneetruss

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Sequence
Erectionofcatheadcomponents Erectionofpermanentmembers Stabilizing Aligning/surveying Erectinginfillmembers Welding/boltingofmainandinfillmembers Depropping

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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CAT HEADS

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THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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CAT HEADS

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Assembly over catheads

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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CAT HEADS Main structure completed over catheads

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TEMPORARY

BRIDGE

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Embedmentfortemporarybridge Temporarytrussbridge Effectiveforspansbetween2540m Usedforlighttomediumtrussweights g g

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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LAUNCHING IMPORTANTPOINTSTOBECONSIDERED
Usestheconceptofstrandjacking Usedforerectionofcantileverstructures,bridgesoverriverwhereaccessisnoteasy. pp Method1:MovableJacksupports.
Erectiondonefrommainbuildingtowardsfreeendprogressively.

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Unlikeinnormalstrandjackingwherethetemporarystructurearefixed,inthismethodthetemporary structuresmovesalongwitherectedstructure

Method2:FixedJacksupports.
Erectiondonefromoneendofstructureandslidetowardsotherendwhilesegmentsareadded progressivelyattailwhilesliding. Herethepushingjacksarefixedatsupportsanditscapacityincreasedasslidingassemblyincrease. Herethepushingjacksarefixedatsupportsanditscapacityincreasedasslidingassemblyincrease

ExtensiveEngineeringandsupervisionisinvolved.

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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LAUNCHING Fixed jack supports

Photo - 1

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Photo 1 Closer shot

Photo - 2

Photo 2 Closer shot

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LAUNCHING
Photo - 3

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Photo 3 Closer shot

Photo - 4

Photo 4 Closer shot

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SLIDING ALONG CURVE

Sameprocedureasthelinearslidingexceptinsteadofstrand jacks,electromechanicalsystemtobeused.

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Complete structure erected by sliding along curved shape p y g g p

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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SLIDING ALONG CURVE

70

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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SLIDING ALONG CURVE

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Assembly of pair of arch on temporary towers

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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SLIDING ALONG CURVE

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Installation of curved rails beams p g under progress

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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SLIDING ALONG CURVE

67

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE SOLE PROPRIETARY RIGHT OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING AND THE POSSESSOR AGREES TO MAINTAIN THIS INFORMATION IN THE STRICTEST CONFIDENCE. THE CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED NOR DIVULGED TO ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT AND CONFIRMATION OF EVERSENDAI ENGINEERING.

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SLIDING ALONG CURVE

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Influencing Factors for choice of Erection methodology

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Cranelocationandcapacity Siteaccessandstorage Structuresuitability Schedule C Cost

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Influence of crane location and capacity

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Influence of crane location and capacity

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Influence of site access and storage on erection methodology

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Influence of structural configuration

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Courtesy by VSL

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Other points that influence the methodology SCHEDULE Strandjackingmethodwilltakelessertimeinoveralltocompletethestructure duetoparallelactivitiesofsteelerectionandclearancetoothertrades d ll l f l d l h d Conventionalmethodwillrelativelytakemoretimethanstrandjackingmethod duetosequentialactivities andoccupyingspacebelowsteelfortemp.towers andscaffolding COST Conventionalmethodoferectionwillgenerallybeeconomicalasitdoesnot requireextensiveengineering,highsupervisionandspecialequipments. Butthesavingsincostwillgenerallybemeagerwhencomparedtotheoverall g g y g p advantageoftheothermethodwithrespecttocrane,accesstoerectionand clearanceforothertrades. Butthetimeandcostinvolvedineachofthesemethodswillvarybasedonmany siterelatedfactorsandhenceneedstobeworkedouteachprojectinsteadof generalapproach

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5. ERECTION METHOD STATEMENT Erectionmethodstatementisaverycrucialdocumentasithelpsalltheparties rightfromclienttofrontendengineeringandapprovalteamtositeexecutionteam tovisualizetheactualconstructionpriortobeginningoftheproject. Methodstatementcoordinatedwellintermsofsiteconstraints,resources, scheduleandsafetyisalmosthalfworkdone. Anystageshowninmethodstatementshouldbeengineeredinordertosatisfy y, y g stability,serviceabilityandstrengthcriteria.
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Erection method statement - Contents GeneralIntroduction Layouts Structuralgeometryofpermanent structure Plantandequipment

*Crane *Tools&Tackles

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PrecamberingofTrusses De proppingprocedure Deproppingprocedure LevelingandAlignment Tolerances BoltingandWelding

*Boltingmethodology g gy *Weldingmethodology

PrinciplesofErection
*Conventionalmethod *Slidingmethod

RequirementsofScaffolding RiskanalysisandSafetymeasures Logistics OrganizationChart EngineeringdrawingsofTemporary structures

Erectionsequences
*Conventionalmethod *Slidingmethod *StrandJack OperationalManual

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6. SOME OF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATION

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6.1 Lock in Forces

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FINAL DESIGN

PERMANENT CONDITION FORCE

PERMANENT LOCK IN FORCE CREATED DURING ERECTION Special attention t b given f structures unstable under gravity loads S i l tt ti to be i for t t t bl d it l d
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6.1 Lock in Force Contd..

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Periphery columns inclined to suit the building shape Lateral stability is through concrete core wall and diaphragm action of floor slabs Majority of floor beams provided with horizontal slot holes and designed to take only gravity loads Stability to be provided by floor beams during erection prior to concreting If over looked may result in strengthening of floor beams and connections

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Lateral stability is fully dependent on concrete slab Floor beams at slab level is designed for gravity loads only g q y p yp g Resulted in huge quantity of temporary plan bracing Beams subjected to axial force plus gravity resulted in huge strengthening Lock in force study resulted in strengthening of permanent steel
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6.2 Design Considerations

For complex/unique structures, considering construction methodology in discussion with specialist during design stage will save time and cost in construction phase Some of key points to be noted in design to avoid increase in construction cost Maximize Use of rolled section instead of built-ups Use of thick walled instead of thin walled sections to avoid complex connections g p p p Converting curved profile to multifaceted profile if possible Providing enough margins in members where curvature is needed since curving will result in change in shape, mismatch at joints Slotted hole length to be specified more than needed to allow for site Using bolted connection at site and welded connections at shop Use the hierarchy of fillet weld to PPBW to FPBW

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6.2 Design Considerations Cont

Critical bearings need to be connected using anchor bolts instead of embedment to avoid any gap due to undulation in embedment during casting. Influence of excessive deflection on cladding/glazing and other finishing to be studied. studied Provisions for as-built condition to be considered considered. Simplification of framing and connection details with consideration of fabrication and erection process. Selection of splice location based on erection and transporting criteria. Consideration to accommodate distortion, temperature effects, elastic shortening and weld shrinkage shrinkage. Fixing of site access and storage yards Optimization of crane usage and location. Coordination with other trades with respect to sequence, tolerance and loadings.

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6.3 Concrete structure to be checked for erection loads

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6th Floor 5th Floor 4th Floor

Viewtakenfromthetopofbuilding

Viewtakenfromthesideofbuilding

Craneis supportingoverthe6th floorslabofthebuilding pp g g Concretefloorshouldbecheckedforthiscraneload

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6.3 Concrete structure to be checked for erection loads

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Collapseofcraneduetofailureofconcreteslab

CraneCapacity=250tonne

CranePrice=$4Mill

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6.3 Concrete structure to be checked for erection loads *Failureofbackproppingbeneaththe200mmthickconcretedeck

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6.3 Concrete structure to be checked for erection loads Cranesupportoutriggerpunchedthroughslabcausingcranetolosebalanceandcollapse acrossthesiteandontoadjoiningproperty j gp p y

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6.3 Concrete structure to be checked for erection loads

Thecranebalancedintheairforapprox1hourbeforeentirerig&boomcollapsedcompletelyacross siteandrigfallsthroughtothebasementlevel

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7. ERECTION OF STEEL STRUCTURE CASE STUDY

BURJKHALIFA SPIREANDPINNACLE

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Client
Project Manager Design D i Emaar Properties PJSC Turner Construction Intl. Skidmore, O i Skid Owings & M ill Merill (SOM) Hyder Consulting E i H d C lti Engineers Samsung-Sixco-Arabtec JV
Concrete Structure Pinnacle

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Steel structure Spire

Supervision S i i Main Contractor Steel Fabrication & Erection Specialist

Eversendai Engineering

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ERECTION OF PINNACLE

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