STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION COURSE OUTLINE I. STATUTES (Chapter 1, Agpalo) 1. Definition 2. Classification of Statutes/ Distinguish a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.

Public vs Private General, Special, Local Remedial, Curative, Penal Mandatory vs Directory Permissive, Prohibitive, Preceptive Affirmative vs Negative Prospective vs Retrospective Reference and Declaratory Permanent, Temporary Repealing, Amendatory

3. Issuances of Executive Department 4. Parts of a Statute i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. Title Preamble Enacting Clause Body Provisos Exceptions Interpretative Clause Repealing Clause Saving Clause Separability Clause Date of Effectivity

Case: People vs Hon. Veridiano, II, 132 SCRA 523

5. Provisions on Enactment of Statutes (See 1987 Constitution, Local Government Code) i. ii. iii. iv. v. Passage of Statutes Sufficiency of the Title Veto Power of the President Enrolled Bill Theory Passage of Ordinances

Cases: Lidasan vs COMELEC, 21 SCRA 496 Tobias v. Abalos 239 SCRA 106 Mabanag vs Lopez Vito, 78 Phil 1 Casco Philippine Chemical Co. vs Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 Farinas vs Executive Secretary, 417 SCRA 503 Bengzon vs Drilon, 208 SCRA 703 Philippine Judges Association vs Hon. Prado, 227 SCRA 703

II.

INTERPRETATION AND CONSTRUCTION IN GENERAL (Chapter 2, Agpalo) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. General Rule Application of Statutes without Construction Concept of Interpretation and Construction, Purpose, Necessity Legislative Intent, Legislative Purpose Duty of the Courts to Interpret the Statute Effect of Judicial Interpretation/ Construction - Articles 8 & 9, Civil Code of the Philippines Cases: Caltex (Philippines) vs Palomar, 18 SCRA 247 Azarcon vs Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 116033. February 26, 1997 Republic vs CFI, G.R. No. L-30381. August 30, 1988 Ursua vs Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 147 Santos To vs Hon. Cruz-Pano, 120 SCRA 8 De Guzman vs Subido, 120 SCRA 443 Aparri vs Court of Appeals, 127 SCRA 231 Tanada vs Cuenco, G.R. No. L-10520. February 28, 1957

Tung Chin Hui vs Rodriguez, 340 SCRA 765

People vs Licera, 65 SCRA 270 Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. vs Court of Appeals, 262 SCRA 219 Unciano Paramedical College vs Court of Appeals, 221 SCRA 285 Lee vs Court of Appeals, 68 SCRA 196 MRCA, Inc. vs CA, 180 SCRA 344

III.

EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC AIDS IN CONSTRUCTION (Chapter 3, Agpalo) 1. Intrinsic Aids a. b. c. d. e. The Title The Preamble Punctuation Headings and Marginal Notes Legislative Definitions and Interpretative Clauses

2. Extrinsic Aids a. b. c. d. e. f. Legislative History of the Statute Contemporaneous and Practical Construction Executive Construction Contemporaneous Circumstances Policy Interpretation Clauses

Cases: Intrinsic Aids: Llamado vs CA, 29 June 1989 People vs Echaves, 95 SCRA 663 People vs Purisima, 86 SCRA 542 United States vs Hart, 26 Phil 149 Agcaoili vs Suguitan, G.R. No. 24806. February 13, 1926 City of Baguio vs Marcos, 27 SCRA 342

Eugenio vs Drilon, Jan. 22, 1996

The Employees Club, Inc. vs China Banking Corporation, G.R. No. 40188. July 27, 1934 People vs Astorga, G.R. No. 110097. December 22, 1997 Extrinsic Aids: Historical Background/ Legislative History People vs Degamo, 402 SCRA 133 Cruz vs Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108738. June 17, 1994 People vs Manantan Contemporaneous Construction The Chartered Bank Employees Association vs Ople, 138 SCRA 141 People vs Puno, G.R. No. 97471 Feb. 17, 1993 Abaquin Security and Detective Agency vs Atienza, Oct. 15, 1990 Phil. Global Communication vs Relova, Nov. 10, 1986 Long Uniform Construction Philippine Sugar Centrals Agency vs Collector of Customs, 51 SCRA 131 Common Law Principles Echegaray vs Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 132601, Jan. 19, 1999 Decisions from Other Jurisdictions People vs Echegaray, Feb. 7, 1997 Secretary of Justice vs Lantion, [G.R. No. 139465. January 18, 2000.]

IV.

THE LANGUAGE OF THE STATUTE (Chapter 4, Agpalo) A. Adherence Literal Interpretations Ramirez vs Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93833. September 28, 1995 People vs Borce, 22 April. 1998 Del Mar vs Pagcor, G.R. No. 138298. June 19, 2001

B. Departure from Literal Interpretation

Republic vs Orbecido, III, 5 October 2005, GR No. 154380 Cosico vs NLRC, G.R. No. 118432. May 23, 1997 Alonzo vs Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. L-72873. May 28, 1987

V.

INTERPRETATION OF WORDS AND PHRASES (Chapter 5, Agpalo) a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. Ubi Lex Non Distinguit Nec Nos Distinguire Debemos Associated Words (Noscitur a Sociis) Ejusdem Generis Expression Unius est Exclusio Alterius Reddendo Singula Singulis Doctrine of the Last Antecedent Casus Omissus Exceptio Firmat Regulim in Casibus Non Exceptis Number, Gender and Tense Conjunctive and Disjunctive words And/Or Provisos, Exceptions and Saving Clauses When susceptible to two or more constructions English and Spanish Texts

Cases: Words and Phrases Gaanan vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. L-69809. October 16, 1986.] Ubi Lex Non Distinguit Nec Nos Mendoza vs Comelec, [G.R. No. 149736. December 17, 2002.] De Villa vs CA, [G.R. No. 87416. April 8, 1991.] Acop vs Guingona, [G.R. No. 134855. July 2, 2002.] 383 SCRA 577 Ramirez vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. 93833. September 28, 1995.] Noscitur a Sociis Co Kim Cham vs Valdez Tan Keh, 16 Nov. 1945 G.R. No. L-5a Aisporna vs Court of Appeals, 113 SCRA 459 Caltex vs Palomar, 18 SCRA 247 Carandang vs Santiago, [G.R. No. L-8238. May 25, 1955.]

People vs Santiago, 115 Phil 219

People vs Delantar, G.R. No. 169143. February 2, 2007 Ejusdem Generis Vera vs Cuevas, [G.R. Nos. L-30793-94. July 30, 1979.] 90 SCRA 380 Cagayan Valley Enterprises, Inc. vs CA, [G.R. No. 78413. November 8, 1989.] Napocor vs Angas, [G.R. Nos. 60225-26. May 8, 1992.] Mutuc vs COMELEC, 36 SCRA 228 Reddendo Singula Singulis People vs Tamani, 55 SCRA 152 People vs Lopez, [G.R. No. L-1243. April 14, 1947.] Amadora vs Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-47745. April 15, 1988.] Expression Unius est Exclusio Alterius Malinias vs Comelec, [G.R. No. 146943. October 4, 2002.] E.B. Villarosa & Partner Co. Ltd. vs Hon. Benito, [G.R. No. 136426. August 6, 1999.] Primero vs CA, [G.R. Nos. L-48468-69. November 22, 1989.] (rule not applied) Dimaporo vs Mitra, [G.R. No. 96859. October 15, 1991.] And/Or China Banking Corporation vs Members of Board of Trustees of Home Development Mutual Fund, 19 May 1999 Pimentel vs Comelec, 24 April 1998 Shall, Must, May Loyola Grand Villas Homeowners (South) Association vs CA, 7 Aug 1997 Director of Lands vs CA, 28 July 1997 Gachon vs Hon. Devera, Jr., 20 June 1997 Shauf vs Court of Appeals, 27 Nov. 1990 Adasa vs Abalos, G.R. No. 168617. February 19, 2007 Perez vs Court of Appeals, 29 March 1996 Doctrine of the Last Antecedent Mapa vs Arroyo, 5 July 1989 Florentino and Zandueta vs PNB, 98 Phil 959 Cadayona vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. 128772. February 3, 2000.] ALU-TUCP vs NLRC, G.R. No. 109902. August 2, 1994

Casus Omissus

People vs Manantan, 115 SCRA 657 Chua vs CSC, [G.R. No. 88979. February 7, 1992.] Nereo vs St. James, [G.R. No. 166735. November 23, 2007.] Exceptio Firmat Regulim in Casibus Non Exceptis Sps. Tibay vs CA, 24 May 1996 [G.R. No. 178413. March 13, 2008.] PIMENTEL III, vs. THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS Provisos Mercado Sr. vs NLRC, G.R. No. 79869. September 5, 1991 ALU TUCP vs NLRC, 2 August 1994

VI. THE STATUTE and ITS PROVISIONS CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER STATUTES (Chapter 6, Agpalo)

THE

STATUTE

IN

Bellis vs Bellis, 20 SCRA 358 Sajonas vs Court of Appeals, 5 July 1996 Alpha Investigation and Security Agency, Inc. vs NLRC, G.R. No. 111722. May 27, 1997 Izon and Milla vs People of the Philippines, [G.R. No. L-51370. August 31, 1981.] Floresca vs Philex Mining Corporation, 136 SCRA 141 C & C Commercial Corp vs National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority, 21 SCRA 984 Associated Communications & Wireless Services United Broadcasting Networks vs National Telecommunications, Commission, 17 Feb 2003 Laureano vs Court of Appeals, 2 Feb 2000 Quimpo vs Mendoza, 31 August 1981 Moreno vs COMELEC, Aug. 10, 2006 Southern Cross vs Cement Manufacturers Aug. 3, 2005

VII.

STRICT/LIBERAL and

MANDATORY/DIRECTORY CONSTRUCTION (Chapters 7, 8 Agpalo) Check provisions of different laws. Manner of Construction: 1. Political Law (Local Government Code, other Constitutional law principles) 2. Labor Law 3. Criminal Law/ Penal Statutes 4. Taxation 5. Remedial Law/ Procedural Laws 6. Treaties STRICT CONSTRUCTION People vs Gatchalian, G.R. Nos. L-12011-14. September 30, 1958* Antonio vs Geronimo, [G.R. No. 124779. November 29, 2005.]* Samson vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. L-43182. November 25, 1986.]* Kilosbayan vs Guingona, [G.R. No. 113375. May 5, 1994.] (gambling) Tenebro vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004.]* Mobil Philippines Exploration Inc, 18 SCRA 1120 (state immunity)

LIBERAL CONSTRUCTION People vs Gajo, et al, G.R. No. L-2012. June 27, 1949 (amnesty) Frivaldo vs COMELEC, [G.R. No. 120295. June 28, 1996.] (election) Rinconada vs Tel Co. vs Buenviaje, 27 April 1990 (procedure) Suzuki vs De Guzman, [G.R. No. 146979. July 27, 2006.] * Borromeo vs Civil Service Commission, [G.R. No. 96032. July 31, 1991.] (retirement laws)

TREATIES Govt of the USA vs Purganan, G.R. No. 148571, [24 Sept 2002] (extradition) Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs SC Johnson, G.R. No. 127105. June 25, 1999.] (taxation)

MANDATORY/DIRECTORY

In the matter of the adoption of the minors Lualhati Magpayo and Amada Magpayo, G.R. No. L-5387. April 29, 1954* In the Matter of the Adoption of Elizabeth Mira, G.R. No. L-18566. September 30, 1963 Marcelino vs Cruz, Jr., G.R. No. L-42428. March 18, 1983 Chartered Bank vs National Government Auditing Office, G.R. No. L38513. March 31, 1987

CIVIL RULES IN CRIMINAL CASES People vs Reyes, 175 SCRA 597 Sermonia vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. 109454. June 14, 1994.]

VIII.

PROSPECTIVE AND RETROACTIVE STATUTES (Chapter 9, Agpalo)

Nilo vs Court of Appeals, 128 SCRA 519 Republic vs Court of Appeals and Bobiles, G.R. No. 92326. January 24, 1992 (procedure will apply to pending cases) Rajah Humabon Hotel, Inc. vs Trajano, G.R. Nos. 100222-23. September 14, 1993 (jurisdiction, curative statutes) Frivaldo vs COMELEC, G.R. No. 120295. June 28, 1996 IX. OPERATION/ AMENDMENT/ REPEAL AND REVIVAL OF STATUTES (Chapter 10, Agpalo) Mecano vs COA, [G.R. No. 103982. December 11, 1992.] Araneta vs Dinglasan, [G.R. No. L-2044. August 26, 1949.] Judge Leynes vs COA, [G.R. No. 143596. December 11, 2003.] Magno vs Comelec, [G.R. No. 147904. October 4, 2002.] People vs Macatanda, [G.R. No. L-51368. November 6, 1981.] ABS CBN vs CTA, [G.R. No. L-52306. October 12, 1981.] Tatad vs Secretary of the Department of Energy, Secretary of Finance, 282 SCRA 337 People vs Monton, G.R. No. L-48112. February 29, 1988 DAR vs Sutton, [G.R. No. 162070. October 19, 2005.] Didipio vs Earth Savers Multi-Purpose, [G.R. No. 157882. March 30, 2006.]

People vs Bon, [G.R. No. 166401. October 30, 2006.]

Alunan, III vs Hon. Asuncion, [G.R. No. 115824. January 28, 2000.] Sps. Recana, Jr. vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. 123850. January 5, 2001.] City Warden of the Manila City Jail vs Estrella [G.R. No. 141211. August 31, 2001.] Agujetas vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. 106560. August 23, 1996.] Corona vs Court of Appeals, [G.R. No. 97356. September 30, 1992.]

XI.

THE CONSTITUTION (Chapter 11, Agpalo) a. Rules of Construction b. Extrinsic Aids in the Construction of the Constitution c. Statutes and the Constitution

Cases: People vs Derilo, 18 April 1997 Francisco, Jr. vs Nagmamalasakit na mga Manananggol ng mga Manggagawang Pilipino, 415 SCRA 44 Miriam Defensor Santiago vs COMELEC, 270 SCRA 106 Lambino vs COMELEC, [G.R. No. 174153. October 25, 2006.] Pangandaman vs Comelec Nov. 25, 1999 Loida Nicolas-Lewis vs COMELEC Aug. 4, 2006 Randolf David, et al. vs GMA, G.R. No. 171396. May 3, 2006

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