Mark Fowler
Discussion #11
Bode Plot Method and Example
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|H()| (dB)
30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 10 102 103
H ( s) = s+a a
Real zero
H ( s) =
a s+a
Real pole
a 104 (rad/sec)
105
106
This allows us to handle all real poles/zeros in the left-hand plane. So we still need a way to handle two other cases. -zero/pole at s = 0 -zero/pole complex conjugate pairs 2nd order term
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Zero/Pole at s = 0
Zero at s = 0
H ( s) = s
Replace s j and take magnitude:
Pole at s = 0
H ( s) =
1 s
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n 2 s 2 + 2n s + n
for 0 1 on j axis
s 2 + 2n s + n
n breakpoint
= 1 gives repeated real roots.
for for
<< n >> n
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= 0.1
=1
Note that as gets smaller the pole gets closer to the j axis which causes a larger peak.
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Note that as gets smaller the zero gets closer to the j axis which causes a deeper null.
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( s + 2)( s + 2 s + 100)
1. Already factored
complex pair
Gain Term
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( (
) )
6. Plot constant term with j terms at values below the lowest break point : -Pick value that is (at least) 1 decade below the lowest BP: = 0.1 -Evaluate |5j| there in dB:
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7. At break point, change slope by 20dB/decade or 40dB/decade for 1st order or 2nd order terms, repectively. :
Break Points 2 10 50 200 Change in slope -20dB/decade 1st order term in denominator -40dB/decade 2nd order term in denominator +20dB/decade 1st order term in numerator +20dB/decade 1st order term in numerator
8. Make resonant corrections for under damped 2nd order terms (i.e. when < 0.5). : Finally: Make adjustment for the value from the plot of the 2nd order term: = 0.1 gives peak 14dB up
value 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Adjustment 14 dB 8 dB 5 dB 3 dB 1 dB
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40 dB
|H()| (dB)
20 dB up 20 dB
40 dB down 20 dB
Exact Bode Plot for Example 60 50 40 30 |H( )| (dB) 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -1 10
0 1 2 3 4
Exact Approximate
10
10
10 (rad/sec)
10
10
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