Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science

Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Nomenclature adopted in the analysis
constant gas - R heats; specific of ratio - ; number Mach M where
2
1
1 and
2
1
1
as expressed are values re) (temperatu pressure stagnation and static between ip Relationsh
2
1
2

RT
u
a
u
M
T
T
M
P
P
t t
= = =

+ =
|

\
|
+ =

5
9
4
5
3
4
2
3
0
0
nozzle the entering air of pressure Total
nozzle the leaving air of pressure Total
turbine the entering air of pressure Total
turbine the leaving air of pressure Total
combustor the entering air of pressure Total
combustor the leaving air of pressure Total
compressor the entering air of pressure Total
compressor the leaving air of pressure Total
air stream free of pressure Static
air stream free of pressure Total
t
t
c
t
t
t
t
t
b
t
t
c
t
r
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =

5
9
4
5
3
4
2
3
0
0
nozzle the entering air of ure temperat Total
nozzle the leaving air of ure temperat Total
turbine the entering air of ure temperat Total
turbine the leaving air of ure temperat Total
combustor the entering air of ure temperat Total
combustor the leaving air of ure temperat Total
compressor the entering air of ure temperat Total
compressor the leaving air of ure temperat Total
air stream free of ure temperat Static
air stream free of ure temperat Total
t
t
n
t
t
t
t
t
b
t
t
c
t
r
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =

Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Engine cycle
Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
( ) (3) 1
1
2
expansion) nozzle (complete
1
1
2
2
1
1
(2) quantity the Take
(1) analysis present In the
) 1 (

thrust Specific
1
2
9
9
0
0
9
9
9
0 0
0
0
0
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
9
9
1
9
9 2
9
1
2
9
9
9
2
9
0
9 2
9
0
9
2
0
2
9
2
9
2
0
9
0
0
9
0 0 9

=
= = = =

|
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

+ =
= = =
|
|

\
|
|
|

\
|
= =
+ = =

r c t
r c t
t t
r c t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t t
s
e
i
s
M
P
P
P
P
P
P
P P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
M M
P
P
M
T
T
M
RT
RT
a
M a
a
u
M
a
u
a u u F
U u f
m
F
F
&
Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( )
(5)
(2) Eq. in given quantity the Take
(4) 1
1
2
; ;
isentropic are processes the Since
1 1
9
9
0
9
0 0
0
0
0
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
9
9
9 9
0 9
0
9
0
9
r c t
2
9 r
1
t
1
c
1
b
r c t
r c b t
r c t
r c b t
t
r c b t
r c b t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
r t c
P
P
T
T
T T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T T
T T
T
T
T
T
M

= = =
|
|

\
|
=
= =
=

= = = =


Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
( )
( )
) 1 (
(6)
gas of enthalpy Ambient
exit combustor at gas of Enthalpy
Define
1 f Since
) 1 (
combustor the to equation energy flow steady Apply
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
3
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
0
3
0
4
0
3
0
4
0
3 4
4 3
4 3
= = = =
=
= =
= =
|
|

\
|
=

= =
+ <<
+ = +
b r c
R
p
r c b
t
t
t
t
t
t
t t
r c
R
p
r c
t
t
t
t
t t
t
t t
R
p
R
t t p
i
fuel
t p i R fuel t p i
t p i R fuel t p i
Q
T C
f
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Q
C
f
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Q
C
Q
T T C
m
m
f
T C m Q m T C m
T C f m Q m T C m

&
&
& & &
& & &
Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) (8) 1
1
2
1
1
2
(2) Eq. in (5) and (4) Eqs. Substitute
(7) 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
, Since
compressor the drive to required power turbine by the developed work of Rate
2
9
0
9
2
0
9
4
0
0
2
4
2
4
2
2 4
2 3 5 4
2 3 5 4

= =
|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|
=
= =

|
|

\
|
= =
= >>
= +
=
t c r
r c
t c r b
c
r
t
r
t
t
t
t
c
t
t
t c t t t
t t t t fuel i
t t p i t t p fuel i
M
T
T
a
u
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T T
T T T T m m
T T C m T T C m m

& &
& & &
Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
( )
( )
( )
(10)
1
1
2

(9) 1
1
2

thrust specific
(8), Eq. Using
0 0
0
0 0 0
0
9
0

= =

=
|
|

\
|
=
M a
T
Q
C
F
f
sfc
M a M
a
u
a F
t c r
r c
r c
R
p
s
t c r
r c
s

Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
For a given M
o
, a
o
, and T

, the previous plot shows that the specific thrust increases with
compressor pressure ratio, reaches a maximum and then decreases.
Specific thrust is maximum at a particular compressor pressure ratio.
Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion (AE 245)
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Ideal cycle analysis of turbojet engines
Cycle analysis Turbojet engine
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) (13) 1 1
1
2

(12) 1 1
1
2
(11) 0 1
1
2
0 0

ratio pressure compressor optimum find To . 1

1
2
maximum is when maximum is

, and given a For

thrust Specific
0
2
0 max
2
max
2
0
9
2
9
2
0
9
0
9
0
0
9
0
)
`

|
|

\
|
= =

|
|

\
|

=
|
|

\
|
|
|

\
|
=
M a F
a
u
a
u F
a
u
a
u
F a M
M
a
u
a F
r s
r
r
c t c r
r c c o c c
s
t c r
r c
s o o
s