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Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill British politician and prime minister of the United Kingdom Birth Death Place of Birth Political Party Official Title Term Known for Award Milestones November 30, 1874 January 24, 1965 Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England Conservative Prime minister 1940-1945 Prime minister of the United Kingdom 1951-1955 Prime minister of the United Kingdom Leading the United Kingdom and the Allies to victory in World War II. 1953 Nobel Prize in literature 1901 Elected Conservative member of Parliament for the electoral district of Oldham 1910-1911 Served as home secretary 1911-1915 Served as first lord of the admiralty and helped prepare for World War I 1919-1921 Secretary of state for War and Air 1921-1922 Secretary of state for the Colonial Office 1924 Elected Conservative member of Parliament for the electoral district of Epping, remaining an MP until 1964 1924-1929 Chancellor of the Exchequer, the British department in charge of the collection and management of the national revenue 1939-1940 Served a second time as first lord of the admiralty 1940 Assumes post of prime minister after Germany invades Holland and Belgium and Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigns 1946 Gave his famous 'Iron Curtain' speech in Fulton, Missouri 1948-1954 Published The Second World War, a six-volume historical account of the events in which he played such a large role Quote Did You Know 'I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.' May 13, 1940; part of Churchill's first speech as prime minister to the House of Commons. While working as a newspaper correspondent during the Boer War in South Africa, Churchill was captured by the Boers, but made a daring escape. Although Churchill was a member of the Conservative Party for most of his life, he was a member of the Liberal Party between 1904 and 1924. Churchill coined the phrase 'iron curtain' to describe the Soviet Union's partitioning of Europe after World War II. Painting was one of Churchill's many talents, and the Royal Academy of Arts in London featured an exhibit of his works in 1959. Did You Know Quote Milestones Birth Death Place of Birth Political Party Official Title Term Known For March 12, 1881 November 10, 1938 Salonika (now Thessalonki, Greece) Republican People's Party President 1923-1938 Establishing the republic of Turkey, overthrowing the leadership of the declining Ottoman Empire, and preventing the partition of territory following World War I Pursuing bold policies of reform to achieve secular government, women's rights, a reduction of corruption, and modernized industry 1905 Graduated from the military academy in Istanbul 1906 Was banished to Syria for his involvement with the Young Turks, a movement opposing the rule of the Ottoman Empire 1915 Commanded Ottoman forces in World War I, most notably defending Gallipoli from an Allied invasion 1918 Commanded Ottoman forces in Palestine 1920 Set up a provisional government in Ankara after the Ottoman government ceded large portions of land to the Allies in order to retain power 1921-1922 Led the nationalist army on campaigns to regain territories lost by the Ottoman sultan October 29, 1923 Declared an independent republic of Turkey, with himself as president 1923-1931 Pursued reformist policies, establishing a secular government and shaping society to more closely resemble European nations 'Gentlemen, it was necessary to abolish the fez, which sat on the heads of our nation as an emblem of ignorance, negligence, fanaticism and hatred of progress and civilization.' From a speech given in 1927 While studying at the military academy, Atatrk was exposed to the theories of social thinkers including Voltaire and Rousseau, and came to believe that unenlightened Ottoman rule had established its position as the 'sick man of Europe.' As a child, Atatrk was given the name Kemal, Turkish for 'perfection,' by a teacher. In 1934, the Grand National Assembly honored him with the name Atatrk, meaning 'Father Turk.' Atatrk's ideological principles, known as 'Kemalisms,' include republicanism, secularism, populism, nationalism, statism, and reformism, and are still considered the ideological foundation of modern Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk Founder and first president of Turkey