Would a government appointed Court of Competent Jurisdiction Independent Judiciary be

appropriate to protect us from appropriating governments?

Thy Kingdom You cannot get there from here
Humans not in rut we are the I! n I!"#T trough
HOLY SEE
Hierarchy of Liars Yeast Satanic Elite Exploiters
CURIONS
Cancerous Underground Roman Invisible Octopus Notorious Satanic
$Thy %ingdom come$
I!
uppet Incorporated !overnments
#nact Illegal "aws
&f the uncanny belief not accountable but the incorporated I!"#T can sue the ass off the naive human tribe
The re'uest for !od(s %ingdom to come is usually interpreted as a reference to the belief) common at the time) that a *essiah
figure would bring about a Kingdom of !od+
,
Traditionally the coming of !od(s Kingdom is seen as a divine gift to be prayed for)
not a human achievement+
This idea is fre'uently challenged by groups who believe that the Kingdom will come by the hands of those faithful to wor% for a
better world+
It is believed by these individuals that Jesus( commands to feed the hungry and clothe the needy are the Kingdom to which he was
referring+
uppet Incorporated !overnment "awyer #-ploiting Ta-onomically
I!"#T
Sovereignty
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory.
[1]

It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests
on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be
provided.
In theoretical terms, the idea of "sovereignty", historically, from Socrates to Thomas Hobbes, has always necessitated a
moral imperative on the entity exercising it.
.ule of "aw
The rule of law is a legal ma-im which provides that no person is above the law) that no one can be punished
by the state e-cept for a breach of the law)
and that no one can be convicted of breaching the law e-cept in the manner set forth by the law itself+
The rule of law stands in contrast to the idea that the leader is above the law -
a feature of Roman Law, Nazi law, and certain other legal systems.
The phrase has been used since the ,/th century) but the concept is older+ 0or e-ample) the !ree%
philosopher 1ristotle said) $"aw should govern$+234
&ne way to be free from the rule of law is by denying that an enactment has the necessary attributes of
law+
55556elief .eality7777
#dict 8e facto
,9*39:
&ne for *oney Two for :how
roclamations advancing on the rising sun will be observed marching to the sun setting of
3
humanity
The rule of law has therefore been described as
"an exceedingly elusive notion"2;4 giving rise to a "ramant divergence of
understandings"+294
1t least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified< a formalist or $thin$ and a
substantive or "thic!" definition of the rule of law+
0ormalist definitions of the rule of law
do not ma!e a "udgment about the ""ustness" of law itself,
but define specific procedural attributes that a legal framewor% must have in order to be in compliance with
the rule of law+
#ubstantive concetions of the rule of law go beyond this and include
certain substantive rights that are said to be based on, or derived from) the rule of law+2=4
I!
uppet Incorporated !overnments
#nact Illegal "aws
&f the uncanny belief not accountable but the incorporated I!"#T can sue the ass off the naive T.&>!H
1ccording to the 1ncient .oman statesman Cicero)
$We are all servants of the laws in order that we may be free+$2,?4
8uring the .oman .epublic) controversial magistrates might be put on trial when their terms of office
e-pired+
>nder the .oman #mpire)
the sovereign was personally immune @legibus solutusA) but those with grievances could sue the treasury+2B
uppet Incorporated !overnment "awyer #-ploiting Ta-onomically
I!"#T
C#W:
Cever #nding War :tory
H&"Y :##
Hierarchy of "iars Yeast :atanic #lite #-ploiters
Cever ending puppets battle for control over the .esources
Catural
*aterial and Human
;
It matters not who wins so long as the humans are controlled to produce the wealth necessary to control them
*&I
Terrestrial .ightful &wners >ndeniable !racious Host
T.&>!H
the treasury+2B
http<DDen+wi%ipedia+orgDwi%iDHumans
Humans @%nown
ta-onomically
as Homo sapiens)2;4 294 "atin for $wise man$ or $%nowing man$A2=4 are the only living species in the
Homogenus+
1natomically modern humans originated in 1frica about 3??)??? years ago) reaching full behavioral
modernity around =?)??? years ago+2B4
Humans have a highly developed brain and are capable of abstract reasoning) language) introspection) and
problem solving+
This mental capability) combined with an erect body carriage that frees the hands for manipulating obEects)
has allowed humans to ma%e far greater use of tools than any other living species on #arth+
&ther higherFlevel thought processes of humans) such as
selfFawareness) rationality) and sapience)2/4 2G4 2H4
are considered to be defining features of what constitutes a
$person$+2citation needed4
:T
:atanic Truth rohibition
When truths such as the preceeding catch the eye of the thought police citation censors ergo now removed
9
1ll I! and I!"#T gained sway in :atanic way not about to reveal the Truth the whole Truth nothing but
the Truth being tantamount to the >ltimate Treachery
#T T> *#
Hence >ltimate Ta- #vaders
Humanity 0rauds Iulnerable to
T.>TH:
Trough .epos >nscrupulous Ta-ing Humanity :abotage
IH
Invisible Hand
Corporation "egal ersons e-ample of :atanic in our face 1bsurdity for >lterior urpose
CCC Capitalist Cefarious Carrators in Cewspea% 8oublethin% with Thought olice play dumb as to why
humans are marching on :atanic Wall :treet that will fall li%e 6erlin
CCC Capitalist Cefarious Carrators in Cewspea% 8oublethin% with Thought olice play dumb as to why
humans are marching on :atanic Wall :treet that will fall li%e 6erlin
http<DDen+wi%ipedia+orgDwi%iD#conomicJdemocracy
#conomic democracy
0rom Wi%ipedia) the free encyclopedia
Jump to< navigation) search
#conomic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that suggests a shift in decisionFma%ing power from a
small minority of corporate shareholders to a larger maEority of public sta%eholders+ There is no single
definition or approach for economic democracy) but most theories and realFworld e-amples challenge the
=
demonstrated tendencies of modern property relations to e-ternaliKe costs) subordinate the general wellF
being to private profit) and deny the oulace ma"ority a democratic voice in
economic policy decisions+2,4
Classical liberals argue that the power to dispose of the means of production belongs to entrereneurs
and caitalists, and can only be ac'uired by means of the consumers( ballot) held daily in the
mar%etplace+234
$The capitalistic social order$) they claim) therefore) $is an economic democracy in the strictest sense of the
word+$2;4 Critics of this claim point out that consumers only vote on the value of the product when they
ma%e a purchaseL they are not voting on who should own the means of production) who can %eep its profits
or the resulting income redistribution+ roponents of economic democracy generally agree) therefore) that
modern capitalism tends to hinder or prevent society from earning enough income to purchase its output
production+ CentraliKed corporate monopoly of common resources typically forces conditions of artificial
scarcity upon the greater maEority) resulting in socioFeconomic imbalances that restrict wor%ers from access
to economic opportunity and diminish consumer purchasing power+294 2=4
1s either a component of larger socioeconomic ideologies or as a standFalone theory) some theories of
economic democracy promote universal access to $common resources$ that are typically privatiKed by
corporate capitalism or centraliKed by state socialism+
1ssuming full political rights cannot be won without full economic rights)2,4 economic democracy suggests
alternative models and reform agendas for solving problems of economic instability and deficiency of
effective demand+ 1s an alternative model) both mar%et and nonFmar%et theories of economic democracy
have been proposed+ 1s a reform agenda) supporting theories and realFworld e-amples range from
decentraliKation and economic liberaliKation to democratic cooperatives) fair trade) and the regionaliKation of
food production and currency+ 2edit4 8eficiency of effective demand
$Wor%ers spending their wages is one source of effective demand$) claims geographer) 8avid Harvey+ $6ut
the total wage bill is always less than the total capital in circulation @otherwise there would be no profitA) so
the purchase of wage goods that sustain daily life @even with a suburban lifestyleA is never sufficient for the
profitable sale of the total output+$ 2B4 1ccording to many proponents of economic democracy) the most
fundamental economic roblem is that modern society does not earn enough income to
purchase its output production+
While balanced mi-ed economies have e-isted briefly throughout history) some analysts agree that command
economies tend to dominate) listing contemporary e-pressions of state capitalism as an e-treme e-ample) not
an e-ception to the rule+
1s common resources are monopoliKed by imperial centers of wealth and power) conditions of
scarcity are imosed artificially upon the greater maEority) resulting in largeFscale socioF
economic imbalance+2=4
In any economic system) $wealth$ includes all material things produced by labor for the satisfaction of
human desires and having e-change value+ "and and labor are generally considered the two most essential
factors in producing wealth+ "and includes all natural opportunities and forces+ "abor includes all human
e-ertion+
Capital includes the portion of wealth devoted to producing more wealth+
B
While the income of any individual might include proceeds from any combination of these three sourcesM
land) labor) and capital are generally considered mutually e-clusive factors in economic models of the
production and distribution of wealth+
1ccording to Henry !eorge)
$eople see% to satisfy their desires with the least e-ertion$+294
Human beings interact with nature to produce goods and services @productsA that other human beings need or
desire+ The laws and customs that govern the relationships among these entities constitute the economic
structure of a given society+
In his boo%) 1fter Capitalism) 8avid :chweic%art suggests) $The structure of a capitalist society consists of
three basic components<
The bul% of the means of production are privately owned) either directly or by corporations that are
themselves owned by private individuals+
roducts are e-changed in a $mar%et$L that is to say) goods and services are bought and sold at prices
determined for the most part by competition and not by some governmental pricing authority+ Individual
enterprises compete with one another in providing goods and services to consumers) each enterprise trying to
ma%e a profit+ This competition is the primary determinant of prices+
*ost of the people who wor% for pay in this society wor% for other people) who own the means of
production+ *ost wor%ing people are $wage labourers+$2/4
While supply and demand are generally accepted as mar%et functions for establishing price) the present
financial price system is not selfFli'uidating+2G4 Corporate firms typically endeavor to ,A minimiKe the cost
of production and 3A increase sales) in order to ;A ma-imiKe shareholder value+
6ut when consumers cannot buy all the goods being produced) $investor confidence$ tends to decline)
triggering declines in both production and employment+ 1ccording to many analysts) such economic
instability stems from a central contradiction< Wages are both a cost of production and an essential source of
effective demand @needs or desires bac%ed with purchasing powerA+
*oreover) $those who produce the goods and services of society are aid less than their
roductive contribution"+2/4
2edit4 :avings) investment) and unemployment
In his ,G/H boo% rogress and overty) Henry !eorge argued that a maEority of wealth created in a $free
mar%et$ economy is appropriated by land owners and monopolists through economic rents) and that
concentration of such unearned wealth is the root cause of poverty+294 $6ehind the abstraction %nown as (the
mar%et( lur%s a set of institutions designed to ma-imiKe the wealth and power of the most privileged group of
people in the world FF the creditorFrentier class of the first world and their Eunior partners in the third$+2H4
1ccording to some modern analysts) private savings are not only unnecessary for economic growth) but they
are often harmful to the overall economy+2/4 In an advanced industrial society) business credit is necessary
for a healthy economy+ 1 business that wants to e-pand production needs to command the labor of others)
/
and money is an effective mechanism for e-ercising this authority+2/4 It is often cheaper for a business to
borrow capital from a ban% than to stoc%pile cash itself+ This was the purpose of the state ban%ing system in
the >+:+ prior to the Civil War+ 0or an industrial firm in an age of continued technological innovation) a
considerable amount of earnings must be retained in order to invest in future improvements+2,?4 If private
savings are loaned out to entrepreneurs who use them to buy raw materials and hire wor%ers) then aggregate
demand is not reduced+2/4
However) when private savings are not reinvested) the whole economy suffers recession) unemployment) and
the eventual disappearance of e-cess savings+2/4 6y assuming that producers immediately spend the money
they receive as the price for goods and services) :ay(s "aw overloo%s the %ey fact of retained earnings+ #ven
if the retained earnings are deposited in a ban% they will not necessarily result in new spending+ 0or a variety
of reasons) most notably the necessity of retained earnings and the inclusion in prices of the costs of
borrowing) sufficient income is never returned to the producing economy in order for people to purchase
what can be manufactured+2,?4
In this view) unemployment is not an aberration of capitalism) indicating any sort of systemic malfunction+
.ather) unemployment is a necessary structural feature of capitalism) intended to discipline the wor%force+ If
unemployment is too low) wor%ers ma%e wage demands that either cuts into profits to an e-tent that
EeopardiKe future investment) or are passed on to consumers) thus generating inflationary instability+ 8avid
:chweic%art suggests) $Capitalism cannot be a fullFemployment economy) e-cept in the very short term+
0or unemployment is the
$invisible hand$
FF carrying a stic% FF
that %eeps the wor%force in line+$2/4 In this view) 1dam :mith(s
$invisible hand$
does not seem reliable to guide economic forces on a large scale+2,4
Ceed not be Held Hostage to Ceeds
1ssuming business credit could come from public sources rather than from the accumulations of private
savers) some analysts consider interest payments to private savers both undeserved and unnecessary for
G
economic growth+ *oreover) the personal decision to save rather than consume decreases aggregate demand)
increases the li%elihood of unemployment) and e-acerbates the tendency toward economic stagnation+ :ince
wealthy people tend to save more than poor people) the propensity of an economy to slump because of
e-cess saving becomes ever more acute as a society becomes more affluent+2/4 The research of .ichard
Wil%inson and Kate ic%ett suggests that health and social problems are significantly worse in more une'ual
wealthy nations+2,,4 They argue that there are "ernicious effects that ine'uality has on societies<
eroding trust) increasing an-iety and illness) @andA encouraging e-cessive consumption$ 2,34
2edit4 *onopoly power versus purchasing power
The discipline of economics is largely a study of scarcity management+ $1bsent scarcity and alternative uses
of available resources) there is no economic problem$+2,;4 In this regard) many theories of #conomic
8emocracy hold that conditions of scarcity are artificially maintained by corporate structures that confine
abundance to an e-clusively entitled minority+ In this view) socioFeconomic imbalance stems not from a
failure to manage limited resources in a world of scarcity) but from mismanagement of virtually unlimited
abundance and prosperity+2=4 In his boo% "abor and &ther Capital @,G9HA) 1merican businessman) #dward
Kellogg @,/H?N,G=GA) said that<
"$oney ower is not only the most governing and influential) but it is also the most un"ust
and deceitful of all earthly owers. It entails upon millions e-cessive toil) poverty and
want) while it %eeps them ignorant of the cause of their sufferingsL for) with their tacit consent) it silently
transfers a large share of their earnings into the hands of others) who have never lifted a finger to
erform any roductive labor.$2,94
While he considers these functions a public wrong) Kellogg also asserts it is the responsibility of the public
to find and implement a remedy+ !enerally considered monopoly power) this $public wrong$ is viewed by
many as the most influential factor in artificial scarcity+ In this regard) Henry !eorge further suggests<
$There is in reality no conflict between labor and capitalL the true conflict is between labor and monopoly+++
1bolish the monopoly that forbids men to employ themselves and capital could not possibly oppress labor+++
2.4emove the cause of that inEustice which deprives the laborer of the capital his toil creates and the sharp
distinction between capitalist and laborer would) in fact) cease to e-ist$+2,=4
While some consider land to be the primary source of wealth) others propose the labor theory of value @first
introduced by John "oc%e) developed by 1dam :mith and later Karl *ar-A) arguing that labor is the
fundamental source of value+ In these terms) $money is first) and foremost) a contract against another
personOs labor+ #-cept for wealth produced by nature) value is properly a measure of the time and 'uality of
all productive labor spent producing a product or service+ If the difference between the payment received for
productive labor and the price paid by the consumer for a product or service is greater than fair value for
e-pediting that trade) either the producer was underpaid) the final consumer was overcharged) or both+
When intermediaries underpay producers or overcharge consumers) they are sihoning away the
roduction of the labors of one or the other) or both+$2,4 2,B4
0or e-ample) many analysts consider invention a $more or less costless store of %nowledge) captured by
monopoly capital and protected in order to ma%e it secret and a (rare and scarce commodity() for sale at
monopoly prices+ :o far as invention is concerned) a price is put on them not because they are scarce but in
H
order to ma%e them scarce to those who want to use them+$2,/4 2,G4 2,H4 atent monopolies capitaliKe stoc%
values far above tangible labor value+ The difference between laborFvalue and monopolyFvalue is transferred
to consumers in the form of higher rices, and collected as $profit$ by intermediaries
who have contributed nothing to earn it.2,H4
>nder such conditions) analysts generally agree that society does not currently earn enough to buy what the
economy produces+
The difference between earnings and rices is tyically aroriated by industrial
and ban!ing centers of caital through monopoly control of finance and other mar%et resources+
:uch e-clusive entitlement tends to artificially impose conditions of economic scarcity upon the maEority of
the population+2=4 While the accelerating advance of technology) developed and maintained by labor) tends
to generate a virtually unlimited abundance) this process also drives wages down as wor%ers are replaced by
machines) ironically minimiKing the purchasing power of wor%ers in the mar%et+23?4 In June 3??B)
investment ban%) !oldman :achs) reported<
$The most important contribution to the higher profit margins over the past five years has been a
decline in Labor%s share of national income."
2edit4 #nclosure of the commons
The term $land$ typically denotes the $universe of natural opportunities$ or $public utilities$) generally
%nown as the commons+ 1rtificially restricted access of labor to common resources is generally considered
monopoly or enclosure of the commons+ 8ue to the economic imbalance inherently imposed) such monopoly
structures tend to be centrally dictated by imperial law) and must be maintained by military force) une'ual
trade agreements) or both+294
In ,H,,) 1merican Eournalist 1mbrose 6ierce defined $land$ as<
$1 part of the earth(s surface) considered as property+ The theory that land is property subEect to private
ownership and control is the foundation of modern society++++ Carried to its logical conclusion) it means that
some have the right to prevent others from livingL for the right to own implies the right e-clusively to
occupyL and in fact laws of trespass are enacted wherever property in land is recogniKed+ It follows that if the
whole area of terra firma is owned by 1) 6 and C) there will be no place for 8) #) 0 and ! to be born) or)
born as trespassers) to e-ist$+23,4
In The :ervile :tate @,H,3A) Hilaire 6elloc referred to the #nclosures *ovement when he said)
"&ngland was already catured by a wealthy oligarchy before the
series of great industrial discoveries began"+ If you sought the accumulated wealth
preliminary to launching new industry) $you had to turn to the class which had already monopoliKed the bul%
of the means of production in #ngland+ The rich men alone could furnish you with those supplies$+
When 1dam :mith wrote The Wealth of Cations in ,//B) the dominant form of business was partnership) in
which regional groups of coFwor%ers ran coFowned businesses+
0rom this perspective) many considered the corporate model N stoc% sold to strangersMinherently rone
to fraud.
,?
While numerous scandals historically support this dim view of corporate policy) small artnershis
could not ossibly comete with the aggregate capital generated by corporate economies of scale+
1ccording to eter 6arnes) author of Capitalism ;+?) the greatest advantage of corporations over any other
business model is their ability to raise capital from strangers+ In this regard) corporations are aided by laws
that limit stoc%holdersO liability to the amounts they have invested+2334
In 1 reface To #conomic 8emocracy) .obert 1+ 8ahl suggests that agrarian economy and society in the
early >nited :tates $underwent a revolutionary transformation into a new system of commercial and
industrial capitalism that automatically generated vast ine'ualities of wealth) income) status) and power+$
8ahl claims that such ine'ualities result from the $liberty to accumulate unlimited economic resources and to
organiKe economic activity into hierarchically governed enterprises+$ 23;4
2edit4 The rise of corporations
The concept of the corporation reaches bac% to .oman times+ However) according to author !reg *ac"eod)
$the modern business corporation evolved radically from its ancient roots into a form with little relation to
the purpose as understood by historians of law+$ John 8avis) a legal historian) notes that the precursor of the
business corporation was the first monastery established in the si-th century) the purpose of which was to
serve society+ *ost business corporations before ,H?? developed in 6ritain) where they were established by
royal charter) with the e-pectation of a contribution to society+ Incorporation was a privilege granted in return
for service to the crown or the nation+ *ac"eod goes on to say<
$1 corporation is considered by the law to e-ist as a legal person+ In the *iddle 1ges it
was called a Ppersona fictaQ+ This is a very useful way of loo%ing at a business corporation) because it
suggests correctly that the corporate person has a certain personality+ It has duties and responsibilities vested
unto it by the legitimate government or society that fostered it+
The cororate erson receives great benefits from society N and) in return)
it must e-ercise great responsibilities+ &ne of the most basic responsibilities is Eob creation) a fundamental
need in any society+$ 2394
6y the midFnineteenth century) however) corporations could live forever) engage in any legal activity) and
merge with or ac'uire other corporations+
In ,GGB) the >+:+ :upreme Court legally recogniKed corporations as PpersonsQ) entitled under the 0ourteenth
1mendment to the same protections as living citiKens+ >nli%e average citiKens) corporations also have large
flows of money at their disposal+ With this money they hire lobbyists) donate copiously to politicians) and
sway public opinion+
6ut) desite :upreme Court ruling) the modern cororation is not a real erson.
.ather) the publicly traded stoc% corporation is what 6arnes terms an $automaton$) exlicitly
designed to maximize return to an elite minority of stoc% owners+ 1 corporation never
sleeps or slows down+
It e-ternaliKes as many costs as possible) and never reaches an upper limit of profitability) because no such
limit has yet been established+ 1s a result) corporations %eep getting larger and more powerful+
www+8amageControl,;+com
*ulroney 9 8estiny Coherency 1cceleration
,,
In ,H==) sales of the 0ortune =?? accounted for oneFthird of >+:+ gross domestic product+ 6y 3??9 they
commanded twoFthirds+ In other words) these few hundred corporations enveloped not only the commons but
also millions of smaller firms organiKed as partnerships or proprietorships+
&verall) corporations have established a homogeneous global playing field around which they can freely
move raw materials) labor) capital) finished products) tax-aying obligations, and profits+ Thus)
corporate franchise has become a eretual grant of sovereignty) including immortality) selfF
government) and limited liability+ 6y the end of the twentieth century) corporate powerMboth economic and
political N stretched worldwide+
International agreements) promoted by the >nited :tates) not only lowered tariffs but e-tended corporate
property rights and reduced the ability of sovereign nations to regulate corporations differently+2334 8avid
:chweic%art submits that such $hypermobility of capital$ generates economic and political insecurity around
the globe+2/4
$If the search for lower wages comes to dominate the movement of capital) the result will be not only a
lowering of worldwide wage disparities) but also a lowering of total global income+$ 2/4
1t the domestic level) ine'uities maintained by corporate imperialism tend to result in the largeFscale debt)
unemployment) and poverty characteristics of economic recession and depression+ 1ccording to Jac%
.asmus) author of The War 1t Home and The Trillion 8ollar Income :hift) income ine'uality in
contemporary 1merica is an increasing relative share of income for corporations and the wealthiest ,Fpercent
of households while shares of that income stagnate and decline for '(-ercent of the
)nited #tates wor!force. 1fter rising steadily for three decades after World War II) the
standard of living for most 1merican wor%ers has sharply declined between the midF,H/?s to the present+
.asmus li%ens the widening income gap in contemporary 1merican society to the decade leading up to the
!reat 8epression) estimating $well over R,Ftrillion in income is transferred annually from the roughly H?F
million wor%ing class families in 1merica to corporations and the wealthiest nonFwor%ing class households+
While a hundred new billionaires were created since 3??,) real wee%ly earnings for ,?? million wor%ers are
less in 3??/ than in ,HG? when .onald .eagan too% office$+
1ccording to .asmus and other analysts) this $'uarter century pay freeKe$) imposed by rapidly
increasing control of wealth by the very rich, has resulted in innumerable negative
e-ternalities<23=4
$0or the first time since the >+:+ government began to collect the data in ,H9/) wages and salaries no longer
constitute more than half of total national income+ In contrast) corporate profits are at their highest levels
since World War II) having risen double digits every 'uarter in the last three and a half years alone and
3,+;S in the most recent year) 3??=) according to 8owFJones (*ar%et Watch(+ Corporate profit margins are
higher than they have been in more than half a century) according to *errill "ynch economist) 8avid
.osenberg+ 1fter ta- profits are now e'ual to G+=S of the >+:+ !ross 8omestic roduct FF that(s more than a
trillion dollars FF and the highest since the end of World War II in ,H9=+$23=4
2edit4 Imperialism
,3
!enerally considered the forceful e-tension of a nation(s authority by territorial gain or by the establishment
of economic andDor political dominance over other nations) some view imperialism as an advanced stage of
capitalism+ The merging of ban%s and industrial cartels give rise to finance capital) which is then e-ported
@rather than goodsA in pursuit of greater profits than the home mar%et can offer+ olitical and financial power
is divided amongst international monopolist firms and #uropean states) coloniKing large parts of the world in
support of their businesses+23B4 1ccording to analyst) *ichael arenti) imperialism is "the rocess
whereby the dominant olitico-economic interests of one nation exroriate
for their own enrichment the land, labor, raw materials, and mar!ets of
another eole." 23/4 arenti says imperialism is older than capitalism+ 6ut) given its e-pansionist
nature) capitalism has little inclination to stay home+ While he concedes imperialism is not typically
recogniKed as a legitimate concept with regard to the >nited :tates) arenti goes on to argue<
$#mperors and con'uistadors were interested mostly in lunder and tribute, gold and glory.
Capitalist imperialism differs from these earlier forms in the way it systematically accumulates
caital through the organized exloitation of labor and the penetration of overseas mar%ets+
Capitalist imperialism invests in other countries) transforming and dominating their economies) cultures) and
political life) integrating their financial and productive structures into an international system of capital
accumulation+$ 23/4
&n a global scale) wealthy developed nations tend to imede or rohibit the economic and
technological advancement of wea!er develoing countries through the
military force, martial law, and ine*uitable ractices of trade that typically
characteriKe colonialism+ .hetorically termed by some as a $tragedy of the commons$) $survival of the
fittest$) or $might ma%es right$) proponents of #conomic 8emocracy generally attribute such economic
crises to the imbalances imposed by corporate imperialism+2,4 In his boo%) #conomic 8emocracy< The
olitical :truggle for the 3,st Century) J+W+ :mith e-amines the economic basis for the history of imperial
civiliKation+ Just as cities in the *iddle 1ges monopoliKed the means of production by con'uering and
controlling the sources of raw materials and countryside mar%ets) :mith claims that contemporary centers of
capital now control our present world through private monopoly of public resources sometimes %nown as
$the commons$+ Through ine'ualities of trade) developing countries are overcharged for import of
manufactured goods and underpaid for raw material e-ports) as wealth is siphoned from the periphery of
empire and hoarded at the imperialFcentersFofFcapital<
$&ver eightFhundred years ago the powerful of the cityFstates of #urope learned to control the resources and
mar%ets of the countryside by raiding and destroying others+ rimitive industrial
caital, thus openly monopoliKing that capital and establishing and maintaining e-treme ine'uality of pay+
This low pay sihoned the wealth of the countryside to the imerial-
centers-of-caital. The owerful had learned to lunder-by-trade and have
been refining those s!ills ever since".
"i%e other financial empires in history) :mith claims the contemporary model forms alliances necessary to
develop and control wealth) as peripheral nations remain impoverished providers of cheap resources for the
imperialFcentersFofFcapital+2,4 6elloc estimated that) during the 6ritish #nclosures) $perhaps half of the
,;
whole population was proletarian$) while roughly the other $half$ owned and controlled the means of
production+ Cow) under modern Capitalism) J+W+ :mith claims fewer than ,(( eole ossess
more wealth than half of the earth+s oulation, as the wealth of ,D3 of ,Fpercent of the
>nited :tates population roughly e'ual that of the lower -(-ercent+
1ccording to many analysts) the >nited :tates has maintained some measure of stability by economically
dominating of the rest of the world as a means of filling the gap between production and consumption+
6eginning with massive loans to #uropean combatants during World War I) and continuing through the lendF
lease program of World War II) >+:+ domination of trade reached its pea% through economic recovery
measures following those wars+ Though forming the basis for >+:+ prosperity during the ,H=?s and ,HB?s)
>+: trade domination was e-hausted by the midF,H/?s) when the >nited :tates implemented a policy %nown
as dollar hegemony) intended to stabiliKe the economy+23?4
With a consistently negative trade balance over the decades since) some suggest the >nited :tates has
compensated for the gap between purchasing power and prices with a wide variety of debt in all sectors of
the economy+
In this process) many analysts claim that dollar hegemony has flooded the world with >+:+ currency) loans)
or debt instruments to support >+:+ fiscal and trade deficits) pay for e-traordinary levels of >+:+ resource
utiliKation) induce foreign governments to urchase ).#. armaments, ensure the
allegiance of foreign governing elites, and maintain foreign economies in subservience
through World Trade &rganiKation and International *onetary 0und trade and lending policies+2=4
2edit4 1lternative models
With regard to closing the gap between production and purchasing power) 8r+ *artin "uther King Jr+
maintains<
$The problem indicates that our emphasis must be twoFfold+ We must create full employment or we must
create incomes+ eople must be made consumers by one method or the other+ &nce they are placed in this
position) we need to be concerned that the potential of the individual is not wasted+ Cew forms of wor% that
enhance the social good will have to be devised for those for whom traditional Eobs are not available+$23G4
6ut many analysts argue that both full employment and guaranteed basic income are impossible under the
restrictions of the current economic system for two primary reasons< 0irst) unemployment is an essential
feature of capitalism) not an indication of systemic failure+2/4 :econd) while capitalism thrives under
polyarchy) it is not compatible with genuine democracy+2/4 :uggesting that these $democratic deficits$
significantly impact the management of both wor%place and new investment)2/4 some proponents of
#conomic 8emocracy favor the creation and imlementation of a new economic
model over reform of the existing one+
1ccording to most analysts) a serious criti'ue of any problem cannot be content to merely note the negative
features of the e-isting model+ We must specify precisely not only the defining characteristics of the e-isting
model) but also the structural features of an alternative+ :uch a specification is necessarily complicated) since
a modern economy is a complicated affair+ $6ut if we want to do more than simply denounce the evils of
capitalism) we must confront the claim that (there is no alternative( FF by proposing one+$2/4
Hungarian historian Karl olanyi suggests that the drive of mar%et economies should be subordinate to larger
societal needs+ He states that humanFbeings) the source of labor) do not reproduce for the sole purpose of
providing the mar%et with wor%ers+ In The !reat Transformation olanyi says that) while modern states and
mar%et economies tend to grow under capitalism) both are mutually interdependent for functional
,9
development+ In order for mar%et economies to be truly prosperous) he claims social constructs must play an
essential role+ With the term $fictitious commodities$) olanyi claimed that land) labor) and money are all
commodified under capitalism) though the inherent purpose of these items was never intended $for sale$+
He says natural resources are $!odFgiven$) money is a boo%%eeping entry validated by law) and labor is a
human prerogative) not a personal obligation to mar%et economies+
8r+ *artin "uther King Jr+ claims $Communism forgets that life is individual+ Capitalism forgets that life is
social) and the Kingdom of 6rotherhood is found neither in the thesis of Communism nor the antithesis of
Capitalism but in a higher synthesis+ It is found in a higher synthesis that combines the truths of both$+23H4
Trade unionist and social activist) 1llan #ngler) argues further that economic democracy is the wor%ingFclass
alternative to capitalism+ In his boo%) $#conomic 8emocracy$) #ngler states<
$When economic democracy FF a world of human e'uality) democracy and cooperation FF is the alternative)
capitalism will no longer be seen as a lesser evil+ When the wor%ing class) not a revolutionary party) is the
agency of social transformation) change will be based on wor%place organiKation) community mobiliKations
and democratic political action+ The goal will be to transform capitalism into economic democracy through
gains and reforms that improve living conditions while methodically replacing wealthFholders( entitlement
with human entitlement) capitalist ownership with community ownership and masterFservant relations with
wor%place democracy+$ 2;?4
1ssuming that $democracy is not Eust a political value) but one with profound economic implications$) 8avid
:chweic%art suggests $the problem is not to choose between plan and mar%et) but to integrate these
institutions into a democratic framewor%$+2;,4 1ccording to :chweic%art) economic democracy) li%e
capitalism) can be defined in terms of three basic features<
Wor%er :elfF*anagement< #ach productive enterprise is controlled democratically by its wor%ers+
:ocial Control of Investment< 0unds for new investment are generated by a capital assets ta- and are returned
to the economy through a networ% of public investment ban%s+$2/4
The *ar%et< These enterprises interact with one another and with consumers in an environment largely free
of governmental price controls+ .aw materials) instruments of production and consumer goods are all bought
and sold at prices largely determined by the forces of supply and demand+
In realFworld practice) :chweic%art concedes economic democracy will be more complicated and less $pure$
than his abstract model+ However) to grasp the nature of the system and to understand its essential dynamic)
it is important to have a clear picture of the basic structure+ Capitalism is characteriKed by private ownership
of productive resources) the mar%et) and wage labor+ The :oviet economic model abolished private
ownership of productive resources @by collectiviKing all farms and factoriesA and the mar%et @by instituting
central planningA) but retained wage labor+
roposed models for economic democracy generally begin with abolishing wage labor+ :chweic%art(s model
goes further to abolish private ownership of productive resources+
2/4 &ther proposals recommend abolishing the mar!et, as well+
2edit4 Wor%er selfFmanagement
In his boo%) $The 8emocratic 0irm$) veteran #conomic 1dvisor for the World 6an%) 8avid + #llerman)
states<
$In the world today) the main form of enterprise is based on renting human beings @privately or publiclyA+
&ur tas% is to construct the alternative+ In the alternative type of firm) employment by the firm is replaced
with membership in the firm+ #conomic democracy re'uires the abolition of the employment relation) not the
,=
abolition of private property+ 8emocracy can be married with private property in the wor%placeL the result of
the union is the democratic wor%erFowned firm+$ 2;34
#llerman maintains that the contract to buy and sell labor services is inherently invalid because labor) in the
sense of responsible human action) is de facto nonFtransferable+ The rights to the positive and negative fruits
of oneOs labor are thus inalienable rights+ In 'uestions of governance @as opposed to productionA) the
emphasis is on decisionFma%ing @as opposed to responsibilityA+ 6ut the basic facts are the same+ 8ecisionF
ma%ing capacity is de facto inalienable+ 1 person cannot in fact alienate his or her decisionFma%ing capacity
Eust as he or she cannot alienate de facto responsibility+ (8eciding to do as one is told( is only another way of
deciding what to do+
Thus) #llerman concludes) it is not private property that needs to be abolished) but the employment contract+
In other words) $a firm can be socialiKed and yet remain (private( in the sense of not being governmentF
owned+$ 2;34
In the proposals of both #llerman and :chweic%art) each productive enterprise is controlled by those who
wor% there+ Wor%ers are responsible for the operation of the facility) including organiKation) discipline)
production techni'ues) and the nature) price) and distribution of products+ 8ecisions concerning proceeds
distribution are made democratically+ roblems of authority delegation are solved by democratic
representation+ *anagement is not appointed by the :tate nor elected by the community at large) nor selected
by a board of directors elected by stoc%holders+ Whatever internal structures are put in place) ultimate
authority rests with the enterprise(s wor%ers) oneFperson) oneFvote+
In 8avid :chweic%artOs model) however) wor%ers control the wor%place) but they do not $own$ the means of
production+ roductive resources are regarded as the collective property of the society+ Wor%ers have the
right to run the enterprise) to use its capital assets as they see fit) and to distribute among themselves the
whole of the net profit from production+ In :chweic%art(s model) societal $ownership$ of the enterprise
manifests itself in two ways<
1ll firms must pay a ta- on their capital assets) which goes into society(s investment fund+ In effect) wor%ers
rent their capital assets from society+
0irms are re'uired to preserve the value of the capital stoc% entrusted to them+ This means that a depreciation
fund must be maintained+ *oney must be set aside to repair or replace e-isting capital stoc%+ This money
may be spent on whatever capital replacements or improvements the firm deems fit) but it may not be used to
supplement wor%ers( incomes+
If a firm is unable to generate even the nationallyFspecified minimum perFcapita income) then it must declare
ban%ruptcy+ *ovable capital will be sold off to pay creditors+ The wor%ers must see% employment elsewhere+
In such economic difficulty) wor%ers are free to reorganiKe the facility) or to leave and see% wor% elsewhere+
They are not free to sell off their capital stoc%s and use the proceeds as income+ 1 firm can sell off capital
stoc%s and use the proceeds to buy additional capital goods+ &r) if the firm wishes to contract its capital base
so as to reduce its ta- and depreciation obligations) it can sell off some of its assets) but in this case proceeds
from the sale go into the national investment fund) not to the wor%ers) since these assets belong to society as
a whole+2/4
2edit4 :ocial control of investment
>nder :chweic%artOs model of #conomic 8emocracy) a flatFrate ta- on the capital assets of all productive
enterprises replaces all other business ta-es+ This $capital assets ta-$ is collected by the central government)
then invested bac% into the economy) assisting those firms needing funds for purposes of productive
investment+ These funds are dispersed throughout society) first to regions and communities on a per capita
basis) then to public ban%s in accordance with past performance) then to those firms with profitable proEect
proposals+ rofitable proEects that promise increased employment are favored over those that do not+ 1t each
,B
level) national) regional and local) legislatures decide what portion of the investment fund coming to them is
to be set aside for public capital e-penditures) then send down the remainder to the ne-t lower level+
1ssociated with most ban%s are entrepreneurial divisions) which promote firm e-pansion and new firm
creation+ 0or large @regional or nationalA enterprises that need access to additional capital) it would be
appropriate for the networ% of local investment ban%s to be supplemented by regional and national
investment ban%s+ These too would be public institutions that receive their funds from the national
investment fund+
#conomic 8emocracy does not depend on private savings or private investment for its economic
development+ In :chweic%art(s model) ban%s are public) not private) institutions that ma%e grants) not loans)
to business enterprises+ 1ccording to :chweic%art) these grants do not represent $free money$) since an
investment grant counts as an addition to the capital assets of the enterprise) upon which the capitalFasset ta-
must be paid+ Thus the capital assets ta- functions as an interest rate+ 1 ban% grant is essentially a loan
re'uiring interest payments but no repayment of principal+2/4
While an economy of wor%erFselfFmanaged enterprises might tend toward lower unemployment than under
capitalism) :chweic%art says it does not guarantee full employment+ :ocial control of investment) under this
model of #conomic 8emocracy) serves to mitigate this defect+ If the mar%et sector of the economy does not
provide sufficient employment) the public sector will provide all but the most severely disabled with the
opportunity to engage in productive labor+ The original formulation of the >+:+ HumphreyFHaw%ins 1ct of
,H/G suggests that full employment can be assured in a mar%et economy only if the government functions as
the employerFofFlastFresort+ In #conomic 8emocracy) the government assumes this role) something a
capitalist government cannot do+ Thus) social control of investment also serves to bloc% patterns of cyclical)
recessionary unemployment typical of capitalism+2/4
2edit4 The mar%et
1ccording to 8avid :chweic%art) #conomic 8emocracy is a mar%et economy) at least insofar as the
allocation of consumer and capital goods is concerned+ 0irms buy raw materials and machinery from other
firms and sell their products to other enterprises or consumers+ $rices are largely unregulated e-cept by
supply and demand) although in some cases price controls or price supports might be in order FF as they are
deemed in order in most realFworld forms of capitalism+$2/4
Without a price mechanism sensitive to supply and demand) it is e-tremely difficult for a producer or planner
to %now what and how much to produce) and which production and mar%eting methods are the most
efficient+ It is also e-tremely difficult in the absence of a mar%et to design a set of incentives that will
motivate producers to be both efficient and innovative+ *ar%et competition resolves these problems) to a
significant if incomplete degree) in a nonFauthoritarian) nonFbureaucratic fashion+
In :chwei%art(s view) centraliKed planning is inherently flawed) and schemes for decentraliKed nonFmar%et
planning are unwor%able+ 1s theory predicts and the historical record confirms) central planning is both
inefficient and conducive to an authoritarian concentration of power+ This is one of the great lessons to be
drawn from the :oviet e-perience+
:ince enterprises in #conomic 8emocracy buy and sell on the mar%et) they strive to ma%e a profit+ However)
the $profit$ in a wor%erFrun firm is not the same as capitalist profit+ It is calculated differently+ In a mar%et
economy firms) whether capitalist or wor%erFselfFmanaged) strive to ma-imiKe the difference between total
sales and total costs+ 6ut for a capitalist firm) labor is counted as a cost+ 0or a wor%erFrun enterprise it is not+
In #conomic 8emocracy labor is not another $factor of production$ technically on par with land and capital+
"abor is the residual claimant+ Wor%ers get all that remains) once nonFlabor costs) including depreciation set
asides and the capital assets ta-) have been paid+2/4
6ecause of the way wor%places and the investment mechanism are structured) :chweic%art(s model aims to
facilitate fair trade) not free trade) between nations+
,/
>nder #conomic 8emocracy) there would be virtually no crossFborder capital flows+ #nterprises themselves
will not relocate abroad) since they are democratically controlled by their own wor%ers+ 0inance capital will
also stay mostly at home) since funds for investment are publicly generated and are mandated by law to be
reinvested domestically+ $Capital doesn(t flow into the country) either) since there are no stoc%s nor corporate
bonds nor businesses to buy+ The capital assets of the country are collectively owned FF and hence not for
sale+$2/4
1ccording to *ichael Howard) $in preserving commodity e-change) a mar%et socialism has greater
continuity with the society it displaces than does nonmar%et socialism) and thus it is more li%ely to emerge
from capitalism as a result of tendencies generated within it+$ 6ut Howard also suggests) $one argument
against the mar%et in socialist society has been that it bloc%s progress toward full communism or even leads
bac% to capitalism$+2;;4 Thus) nonmar%et versions of economic democracy have also been proposed+
2edit4 Inclusive democracy
*ain article< Inclusive democracy
#conomic democracy is described as an integral component of an inclusive democracy) in Towards 1n
Inclusive 8emocracy as a stateless) moneyless and mar%etless economy that precludes private accumulation
of wealth and the institutionaliKation of privileges for some sections of society) without relying on a
mythical ost-scarcity state of abundance, or sacrificing freedom of choice+
The proposed system aims to meet the basic needs of all citiKens @macroFeconomic decisionsA) and secure
freedom of choice @microFeconomic decisionsA+ Therefore) the system consists of two basic elements< @,A
democratic planning) which involves a feedbac% process between wor%place assemblies) demotic assemblies
and the confederal assembly) and @3A an artificial mar%et using personal vouchers) which ensures freedom of
choice but avoids the adverse effects of real mar%ets+ 1lthough some have called this system Pa form of
money based on the labour theory of valueQ)2;94 it is not a money model since vouchers cannot be used as a
general medium of e-change and store of wealth+
1nother distinguishing feature of inclusive democracy is its distinction between basic and nonFbasic needs+
.emuneration is according to need for basic needs) and according to effort for nonFbasic needs+ Inclusive
democracy is based on the principle that meeting basic needs is a fundamental human right which is
guaranteed to all who are in a physical condition to offer a minimal amount of wor%+ 6y contrast)
participatory economics guarantees that basic needs are satisfied only to the e-tent they are characteriKed
public goods or are covered by compassion and by a guaranteed basic income for the unemployed and those
who cannot wor%+2;=4 1lthough many advocates of participatory economics and articipism have contested
this+
Within the inclusive democracy proEect) economic democracy is the authority of demos @communityA in the
economic sphere M which re'uires e'ual distribution of economic power+ Therefore) all (macro( economic
decisions) namely) decisions concerning the running of the economy as a whole @overall level of production)
consumption and investment) amounts of wor% and leisure implied) technologies to be used) etc+A are made
by the citiKen body collectively and without representation+ However) $micro$ economic decisions at the
wor%place or the household levels are made by the individual production or consumption unit through a
proposed system of vouchers+
1s with the case of direct democracy) economic democracy today is only feasible at the level of the
confederated demoi+ It involves the ownership and control of the means of production by the demos+ This is
radically different from the two main forms of concentration of economic power < capitalist and (socialist(
growth economy+ It is also different from the various types of collectivist capitalism) such as wor%ers( control
and milder versions suggested by postFKeynesian social democrats+ The demos) therefore) becomes the
authentic unit of economic life+
,G
0or economic democracy to be feasible) proponents of inclusive democracy suggest three preconditions must
be satisfied< 8emotic selfFreliance) demotic ownership of the means of production) and confederal allocation
of resources+
8emotic selfFreliance is meant in terms of radical decentraliKation and selfFreliance) rather than of selfF
sufficiency+
8emotic ownership of productive resources is a %ind of ownership which leads to the politiciKation of the
economy) the real synthesis of economy and polity+ This is so because economic decision ma%ing is carried
out by the entire community) through the demotic assemblies) where people ma%e the fundamental macroF
economic decisions which affect the whole community) as citiKens) rather than as vocationally oriented
groups @e+g+ wor%ers) as e+g+ in participatory economics 2;B4A+ 1t the same time) wor%ers) apart from
participating in the demotic decisions about the overall planning targets) would also participate @in the above
broad sense of vocationally oriented groupsA in their respective wor%place assemblies) in a process of
modifyingDimplementing the 8emocratic lan and in running their own wor%place+
Confederal allocation of resources is re'uired because) although selfFreliance allows many decisions to be
made at the community level) much remains to be decided at the regionalDnationalDsupraFnational level+
However) it is delegates @rather than representativesA with specific mandates from the demotic assemblies
who are involved in a confederal demotic planning process which) in combination with the proposed system
of vouchers) effects the allocation of resources in a confederal inclusive democracy+
2edit4 .eform agendas
1ssuming the most basic re'uirement for societal prosperity is a healthy) educated) and enterprising
population)2;/4 #conomic 8emocracy see%s to close the growing gap between purchasing power and
productive output+ While reform agendas tend to criti'ue the e-isting system and recommend corrective
measures) they do not necessarily suggest alternative models to replace the fundamental structures of
capitalismL private ownership of productive resources) the mar%et) and wage labor+
2edit4 :ocial Credit
*ain article< :ocial Credit
.ather than an economic shortfall) many analysts consider the gap between production and purchasing power
a social dividend+ In this view) credit is a public utility rather than debt to financial centers+ &nce reinvested
in human productive potential) the surplus of societal output could actually increase !ross 8omestic roduct
rather than throttling it) resulting in a more efficient economy) overall+2=4 :ocial Credit is an economic
reform movement that originates from theories developed by :cottish engineer *aEor C+ H+ 8ouglas+ His
aim to ma%e societal improvement the goal of monetary systems is reflected in the term $:ocial Credit$) and
published in his boo%) entitled #conomic 8emocracy+ In this view) the term $economic democracy$ does not
mean wor%er control of industry+2;G4 While technological advancement tends to increase unemployment
along with productivity) 8ouglas suggests that our perspective will determine whether this problem is a
$catastrophe$ or a $magnificent achievement$<
$The soFcalled unemployment problem is really a problem of leisure+ The problem really is a problem) first
of the distribution of purchasing power to those who are not re'uired) and will decreasingly be re'uired) in
the industrial system) and secondly) of ensuring that the total purchasing distributed shall always be enough
to pay for the goods and services for sale+$2;H4
1 national dividend and a compensated price mechanism are the two most essential components of the :ocial
Credit program proposed by C+H+ 8ouglas to stabiliKe purchasing power for a democracy of consumers on a
national and global scale+ While these measure have never been implemented in their purest form) they have
provided a foundation for :ocial Credit policital parties in many countries and for reform agendas that retain
the title) $economic democracy$+
2edit4 Credit as a public utility
,H
>tiliKing the ideas of *aEor C+H+ 8ouglas and a monetary reform program based on direct government
spending set forth by groups li%e the 1merican *onetary Institute) veteran roEect *anager for the >+:+
Treasury 8epartment) .ichard C+ Coo% proposes two general measures) which together he terms) $economic
democracy$<29?4
Credit as a public utility< $We should spend sufficient credit into e-istence to supply the basic operating
e-penses of government at all levels without recourse to either ta-es or borrowing+ 1t least ninety percent of
all ta-es could be eliminated+ The only ta-es that should be retained would be those in the form of user fees
for infrastructure operations and maintenance and those levied only for dire emergencies+ Capital e-penses
for infrastructure construction at the federal) state) and local levels should be financed through a selfF
capitaliKed national infrastructure ban% lending at KeroFinterest+ &perating on a national scale) such a ban%
could begin to rebuild our Eob base starting at the state and local levels+ 1 public program of direct
government e-penditures as described herein would be as effective) as timely) far less inflationary) and much
cheaper than creating new public debt by borrowing credit created %out of thin air% by the
ban!ing system." 29,4
!1 Chart from We Hold These Truths+
1 national dividend< $The endemic gap between prices and purchasing power in an advanced economic
system in reality is the Pleisure dividendQ that we never received from our amaKing producing economy+ That
gap should now be filled by a nonFta-able national dividend of two types+ &ne would be a cash stipend paid
to all citiKens which would also serve the purpose of eliminating overty by providing everyone
with a basic income guarantee+ The remainder of the national dividend would consist of an overall pricing
subsidy) whereby a designated proportion of all purchases) including home building e-penses) would be
rebated to consumers+ The average national dividend per person would probably e-ceed R,3)??? per year
under todayOs economic conditions+ It would be a calculated value charged against a government ledger but
would be offFbudget) with no need to finance it with ta-ation or borrowing+$ 29,4
While some analysts suggest an economic crisis might be necessary to drive a movement toward largeFscale
economic democracy+)2,4 2334 .ichard C+ Coo% argues that $most economic reform programs address
symptoms) not causes$<2=4
$*onetary reform embraces the enormous productivity of modern industrial methods with approval and
3?
hope+ 6ut it identifies factors in the nature of industrial production at the level of the corporation as creating
a chronic state of instability$+2=4 $The top priority of the reform program would be to use public credit to
rebuild the producing economy which has been wrec%ed by the hony ideology of %mar!et%
economics and the inept and self-serving maniulation of the money suly by the
0ederal .eserve and the ban!s."2934
Coo%(s criti'ue of finance capitalism avoids any proposal of collectivist solutions as a diagnosis of
underlying financial issues+ .ather) he affirms the value of $democratic capitalism)$ combined with a shift to
more public control of credit) and suggests a new approach to achieving worldwide prosperity) starting with
economic recovery in the >nited :tates+ Coo%(s argument stems from prior success in the >nited :tates with
credit as a public utility) including colonial paper currencies which allowed an emerging 1merican society to
monetiKe the value of its own goods and services) the !reenbac%s issued by resident "incoln during the
1merican civil war) and the .econstruction 0inance Corporation @.0CA which moved to recapitaliKe failing
nonF0ederal .eserve state ban%s in rural areas and small towns during the !reat 8epression+ While Herbert
Hoover(s efforts are not remembered as the most popular in >+:+ history) Coo% credits .0C programs with
providing low interest loans to the railroad industry) farmers) e-porters) state and local governments) and
wartime industries over a period of at least 3?Fyears+29;4
2edit4 Cational dividend
.ichard C+ Coo%(s proposed national dividend) sometimes %nown as a 6asic Income !uarantee or $6I!$) has
previously been advocated in the >nited :tates by economists) politicians and reformers) including Thomas
aine) *ilton 0riedman) 8r+ *artin "uther King Jr+) and John Kenneth !albraith+ 0riedman originally
proposed a negative income ta- to support this system) but then opposed the bill because its revised
implementation would have merely supplemented e-isting ta-Fstructures rather than replacing them+ Coo%
further suggests that racism might have been at the root of 6I!(s demise in the late ,HB?s) as $many
beneficiaries of the program would have been 1fricanF1merican$+2994 6ut in 3??B) the basic income
guarantee was again proposed on the national level by :tate .epresentative 6ob 0ilner @8FC1A as H+.+ =3=/)
supported by author *atthew .othschild+29=4 1ccording to the >+:+ 6asic Income !uarantee Cetwor%<
$The basic income guarantee @6I!A is a government insured guarantee that no citiKen(s income will fall
below some minimal level for any reason+ 1ll citiKens would receive a 6I! without means test or wor%
re'uirement+ 6I! is an efficient and effective solution to poverty that preserves individual autonomy and
wor% incentives while simplifying government social policy+ :ome researchers estimate that a small 6I!)
sufficient to cut the poverty rate in half could be financed without an increase in ta-es by redirecting funds
from spending programs and ta- deductions aimed at maintaining incomes+$29B4
*oreover) .ichard C+ Coo% suggests e-isting surplus in >nited :tates !ross 8omestic roduct @!8A could
support such a system) as !8 of R,3+HGFtrillion minus RH+3,Ftrillion in purchasing power @$wages$A e'uals
a difference of R;+//Ftrillion+ 8istributed e'ually amongst >nited :tates citiKens) Coo% estimates a $Cational
8ividend$ of appro-imately R,3)B?? could be provided annually to every >+:+ citiKen+ 1 primary function of
monetary reform is to $provide sufficient individual income$ FF not merely $create Eobs$ FF for 1merican
wor%ers displaced by technological advancement) outsourcing) and other economic influences beyond their
control+ 0unding of the Cational 8ividend would be drawn from a national credit account) which would
include all factors that generate production costs and create new capital assets+ The national credit account
could also be used for price subsidies to discourage manufacturers from cutting costs by shipping Eobs
overseas+
.ather than 0ederal .eserve Cotes) circulated only through debt payable to a ban% with interest) the Cational
8ividend would be $real money$) based on the productive capacity of the economy e-pressed as !8+ Coo%
3,
says) $it(s important to realiKe that :ocial Credit is not a socialist system+ .ather it is (democratic capitalism)(
in contrast to the (finance capitalism( that has become so damaging$+29/4 .ooted in the ideals of :ocial
Credit) proposed by C+H+ 8ouglas in the ,H3?s) Coo% e-plains<
$The difference between a Cational 8ividend and a basic income guarantee is that the dividend is tied to
production and consumption data and may vary from year to year+ 8uring years that the dividend falls below
a designated threshold) the balance of a basic income guarantee could be provided from ta- revenues+ 6ut in
a highlyFautomated economy such as that of the >+:+) the Cational 8ividend would normally be sufficient$+
23?4
In his boo%) Capitalism ;+?) eter 6arnes li%ens a $Cational 8ividend$ to the game of *onopoly) where all
players start with a fair distribution of financial opportunity to succeed) and try to privatiKe as much as they
can as they move around $the commons$+ 8istinguishing the board game of *onopoly from contemporary
realFworld business) 6arnes claims that $the top = percent of the population owns more property than the
remaining H= percent$) providing the smaller minority with an unfair advantage of appro-imately $R=F
trillion$ annually) at the beginning of the game+ Contrasting $redistribution$ of income @or propertyA with
$predistribution$) 6arnes argues for $propertiKing$ @without corporately privatiKingA $the commons$ to
spread ownership universally) without ta%ing wealth from some and giving it to others+ His suggested
mechanism to this end is the establishment of a $Commons :ector$) ensuring payment from the Corporate
:ector for $the commons$ they utiliKe) and e'uitably distributing the proceeds for the benefit of
contemporary and future generations of society+
&ne realFworld e-ample of such reform is in the >+:+ :tate of 1las%a) where each citiKen receives an annual
share of the state(s oil revenues called) $1las%a ermanent 0und 8ividend$+ 6arnes suggests this model could
e-tend to other states and nations because $we Eointly own many valuable assets$+ 1s corporate pollution of
common assets increase) the permits for such pollution would become more scarce) driving prices for those
permits up+ $"ess pollution would e'ual more revenue$) and over time) $trillions of dollars could flow into an
1merican ermanent 0und$+2334
However) none of these proposals aspire to the mandates recommended by 8r+ *artin "uther King Jr+<
Two conditions are indispensable if we are to ensure that the guaranteed income operates as a consistently
progressive measure+ 0irst) it must be pegged to the median income of society) not the lowest levels of
income+ To guarantee an income at the floor would simply perpetuate welfare standards and freeKe into the
society poverty conditions+ :econd) the guaranteed income must be dynamicL it must automatically increase
as the total social income grows+ Were it permitted to remain static under growth conditions) the recipients
would suffer a relative decline+ If periodic reviews disclose that the whole national income has risen) then the
guaranteed income would have to be adEusted upward by the same percentage+ Without these safeguards a
creeping retrogression would occur) nullifying the gains of security and stability+23G4
*oreover) proponents of #conomic 8emocracy generally deem any such reform unli%ely under the
dominance of contemporary command economies+ While Thomas aine originally recommended a Cational
8ividend to comensate for the brutality of .ritish &nclosures, no such largeFscale
disbursement has materialiKed in over 3??Fyears since+2334
2edit4 *onopoly power versus public utility
*ain article< J+ W+ :mith
.ather than superficially compensating for legaliKed ine'uities) many analysts recommend the $enclosures$
themselvesMproperty rights lawsMshould be either abolished or redefined with particular respect for $the
commons$+2,4 1ccording to J+W+ :mith) e-clusive title to natural resources and technologies should be
converted to inclusive conditional titles NF the condition being that society should collect rental values on all
33
natural resources+29G4 :mith suggests the basic principles of monopoliKation under feudalism were never
abandoned) and residues of e-clusive feudal property rights restrict the potential efficiency of capitalism in
Western cultures+29G4 #stimating roughly B?Fpercent of 1merican capital is little more than capitaliKed
values of unearned wealth) :mith suggests elimination of these monopoly values would double economic
efficiency) maintain 'uality of life) and reduce wor%ing hours by half+29G4 Wasteful monetary flows can be
stopped only by eliminating all methods of monopoliKation typical in Western economies+29G4 29H4
J+W+ :mith divides $primary @feudalA monopoly$ into four general categoriesL ban%ing) land) technology) and
communications+ He lists three general categories of $secondary @modernA monopoly$L insurance) law) health
care+29G4 :mith further claims that converting these e-clusive entitlements to inclusive human rights would
minimiKe battles for mar%et share) thereby eliminating most offices and staff needed to maintain monopoly
structures) and stop the wars generated to protect them+ 8issolving roughly half the economic activity of a
monopoly system would reduce the costs of common resources by roughly half) and significantly minimiKe
the most influential factors of poverty+29G4 29H4
In :mith(s view) most ta-es should be eliminated)29G4 and productive enterprise should be privately owned
and managed+29G4 Inventors should be paid well and all technology placed in the public domain+29G4 Crucial
services currently monopoliKed through licensing should be legislated as human rights+29G4 29H4
:mith envisions a balanced economy under a sociallyFowned ban%ing commons within an inclusive society
with full and e'ual rights for all+29G4 0ederated regions collect resource rents on land and technology to a
social fund to operate governments and care for social needs+29G4 :ociallyFowned ban%s provide finance
capital by creating debtFfree money for social infrastructure and industry+29G4 .ental values return to society
through e-penditure on public infrastructures+ "ocal labor is trained and employed to build and maintain
water systems) sewers) roads) communication systems) railroads) ports) airports) post offices) and education
systems+29G4 urchasing power circulates regionally) as labor spends wages in consumption and governments
spend resource rent and ban%ing profits to maintain essential services+29G4 29H4
1ccording to :mith) all monetary systems) including money mar%ets) should function within fractionalF
reserve ban%ing+29G4 0inancial capital should be the total savings of all citiKens) balanced by primaryFcreated
money to fill any shortfall) or its destruction through increased reserve re'uirements to eliminate any surplus+
29G4 1dEustments of re'uired reserves should facilitate the balance between building with sociallyFcreated
money or savings+ 1ny shortage of savings within a sociallyFowned ban%ing system should be alleviated by
simply printing it+29G4 29H4
2edit4 8emocratic cooperatives
*ain article< Cooperative
:ometimes referred to as a $CoF&p business$ or $CoF&p$) a cooperative is a limited liability entity) organiKed
either forFprofit or notFforFprofit) that differs from a corporation in that its producing members) rather than
nonFproducing shareholders) comprise decisionFma%ing authority+ Classified as either consumer cooperatives
or wor%er cooperatives) the cooperative business model is fundamental to the interests of economic
democracy+
1ccording to the International Cooperative 1lliance(s :tatement on the Cooperative Identity) $cooperatives
are democratic organiKations controlled by their members) who actively participate in setting their policies
and ma%ing decisions+ *en and women serving as elected representatives are accountable to the
membership+ In primary cooperatives members have e'ual voting rights @one member) one voteA and
cooperatives at other levels are also organiKed in a democratic manner+$2=?4 Cooperatives play an essential
role in all models of #conomic 8emocracy) providing for the needs of wor%ers) consumers) and
communities+ 1s an alternative to globaliKed economy) domination by large corporations) and neoliberal
economic policies) #conomic 8emocracy emphasiKes largeFscale economic withdrawal from corporate
3;
imperialism to more regionally organiKed producer and consumer cooperatives) thus restoring socioF
economic stability on a broader scale+
2edit4 Wor%er cooperatives
*ain article< Wor%er cooperative
1ccording to the >nited :tates 0ederation of Wor%er Cooperatives) $a wor%er cooperative is a business entity
that is owned and controlled by the people who wor% in it$+ Wor%ers own the business together) usually
investing with a buyFin amount of money when they begin wor%ing+ 1t the end of each year) wor%erFowners
are paid a portion of the money the business ma%es after e-penses+2=,4 In cases where the company is also
owned by employees) there are no outside or consumer owners+ &nly employees own shares of the business)
which represent fractions of the mar%et value of the cooperative+ &nly one membership share may be issued
to each member) and one membership share provides its owner with one vote in company decisionFma%ing+
While membership is not a re'uirement of employment) only employees can become members+2=34 2=;4
Wor%er cooperatives generally employ an industrial model called Wor%place democracy) which reEects the
$masterFservant relationship$ implicit in the traditional employment contract+ This term is often used
synonymously with industrial democracy+ Companies li%e :emco) 8aIita) !oogle) 0reys Hotels and "inden
"abs ma-imiKe employee participation and engagement in this regard) as the Cew >nionism movement
views wor%place democracy as a necessary lin% between production and economic democracy+
:ome analysts suggest selfFgoverning enterprises should not be confused with other systems they might
vaguely or closely resemble+ 1ccording to .obert 1+ 8ahl<
$:elfFgoverning enterprises only remotely resemble psuedodemocratic 2sic?4 schemes of employee
consultation by managementL schemes of limited employee participation that leave all critical decisions with
a management elected by stoc%holdersL or #mployee :toc% &wnership lans @#:&sA that are created only
or primarily to provide corporations with lowFinterest loans) lower corporate income ta-es) greater cash flow)
employee pension plans) or a mar%et for their stoc%) without) however) any significant changes in
control+$23;4
8ecisions in a wor%er cooperative are made democratically by the people who do the wor%) rather than by
one person or group of people that holds all the power+ This process usually adheres to the principle of $one
wor%er) one vote$+ Wor%erFcontrol can ta%e many forms depending on the siKe and type of the business+
:ome ways to ma%e decisions democratically include< an elected board of directors) elected managers)
management Eob roles) no management at all) decisions made by consensus) decisions made by maEority
vote) or any combination of the above+ #ach wor%erFowned business creates the structure best suited to its
needs+2=,4 #'ual participation in decisionFma%ing becomes the responsibility and privilege of each member)
providing a democratic alternative to the centraliKation of power typical in corporate hierarchies+2=94
*any businesses) controlled by wor%ers andDor sharing profits among them) are not formally considered
wor%er cooperatives+ In general) these are called democratic wor%places+ 1cross the >nited :tates)
democratic wor%places occupy many different sectors and industries) with greatest concentrations in the
Cortheast) the West Coast and the >pper *idwest+ While a few wor%er cooperatives in the >nited :tates are
notable larger enterprises) most are small businesses+ There are an estimated ;?? democratic wor%places in
the >nited :tates) employing over ;)=?? people and generating over R9?? million in annual revenues+
!rowing steadily over the past 3? years) the number of wor%er cooperatives includes both wellFestablished
businesses and new ones) with the fields of technology and health care showing most of the recent increase+
In many ways) the operations of wor%er cooperatives are 'uite similar to conventional businesses+ They
develop products or services) and offer them for sale to the public) with the goal of generating enough
income to support the business and its owners+ They incorporate with the state) get business licenses) pay
state and federal ta-es) have payroll and benefits) and so on+
39
6ut there are also some fundamental differences between wor%er cooperatives and traditional businesses+ In
conventional businesses) net income is called profit) which tends to be distributed primarily amongst nonF
producing shareholders+ In wor%er cooperatives) this income is called surplus) which is distributed amongst
wor%erFowners based on hours wor%ed) seniority) or other criteria+ In a wor%er cooperative) wor%ers own
their Eobs) and therefore have a direct sta%e in the local environment and the power to conduct business in
ways that benefit the community rather than destroying it+ :ome wor%er cooperatives maintain what is
%nown as a Pmultiple bottom lineQ) evaluating success not merely in terms of net income) but also by factors
li%e their sustainability as a business) their contribution to the community) and the happiness and longevity of
their wor%ers+2=,4
1ccording to Tim Calvert) a founding member of the wor%erFowned ortland) &regon cooperative) City
6i%es) $the mar%s of a wor%er coFop are an emphasis on cooperative wor%ing for collective success) a
democratic structure for decision ma%ing with each member having an e'ual vote) a collective determination
of how net income or net losses are allocated) an e'ual contribution to and benefit from the coFop(s cash and
an e'ual sharing of the ris%s and benefits of wor%ing at and owning a business$+2==4 6ut since there is no
inade'uate legislation regarding wor%er cooperatives in the >nited :tates) most wor%er cooperatives tend to
utiliKe consumer cooperative law for their purposes+2=B4 While Calvert believes a genuine wor%er
cooperative should be specially incorporated as owned solely and e'ually by employees) he also observes
that City6i%es is one of the few that strictly adheres to the principles of a properly incorporated wor%erF
owned cooperative+ Instead) many wor%erFcooperatives choose to incorporate as "imited "iability
Corporations) because ,A there is less paperwor% involved) and 3A protection from personal lawsuit is a
paramount concern+2=/4
2edit4 Consumer cooperatives
*ain article< Consumer cooperative
1 consumers( cooperative is a cooperative business owned by its customers for their mutual benefit+ &riented
toward service rather than pecuniary profit) consumers of goods and services are often also the individuals
who have provided capital to launch or purchase such free enterprise+ Consumers( cooperatives differ from
other forms of business in their directive to provide 'uality goods and services to consumerDowners at the
lowest cost rather than to sell goods and services at the highest price above cost that the consumer is willing
to pay+ In practice consumers( cooperatives price goods and services at competitive mar%et rates+ The
difference is that where a forFprofit enterprise will treat the difference between cost @including labor) etc+A
and selling price as financial gain) the consumer owned enterprise returns this sum to the consumerDowner as
an overFpayment+
"arge consumers( coFops run much li%e any other business) re'uiring wor%ers) managers) cler%s) products)
and customers to %eep the business running+ In smaller cooperatives) consumerDowners are often wor%ers as
well+ Consumers( cooperatives can differ greatly in start up and also in how the coFop is run) but to be true to
the consumers( cooperative form of business the enterprise should follow the .ochdale rinciples+
Consumers( cooperatives may) in turn) form CoFoperative 0ederations+ These may ta%e the form of coF
operative wholesale societies) through which Consumers( CoFoperatives collectively purchase goods at
wholesale prices and) in some cases) own factories+ 1lternatively) they may be members of CoFoperative
unions+
Consumer cooperatives are very different from privately owned $discount clubs)$ which charge annual fees
in e-change for a discount on purchases+ The $club$ is not owned or governed by the $members$ and the
profits of the business go to the investors) not to members+ In a cooperative) the members own the business
and the profits belong to the community of members+2=G4
2edit4 0ood cooperatives
3=
*ost food coFops are consumer cooperatives) which means that all our retail coFops are owned by the people
who shop at the stores+ *embers e-ercise their ownership by patroniKing the store and voting in elections+
The members elect a board of directors to hire) guide and evaluate the general manager who runs day to day
operations+2=G4 0ood cooperatives were originally established to provide fresh) organic produce as a viable
alternative to pac%aged imports+ 6ut this process can present a struggle) as communities tend to import the
same crops that local farmers cultivate+ The ideas of local and slow food production can help local farmers
prosper) in addition to providing consumers with fresher products+ 6ut the growing ubi'uity of organic food
products in corporate stores testifies to broadening consumer awareness) and to the dynamics of global
mar%eting+
1ssociated with national and international cooperative communities) ortland &regon cooperatives manage
to survive mar%et competition with corporate franchise+ 1s "ee "ancaster) financial manager for 0ood 0ront)
states) $cooperatives are potentially one democratic economic model that could help guide business decisions
toward meeting human needs while honoring the needs of society and nature$+ He admits) however) it is
difficult to maintain collaboration among cooperatives while also avoiding integration that typically results
in centraliKed authority+
Tim Calvert believes that dollars are the most important vote to ma%e) and others tend to agree+ Citing
members of eopleOs CoFop and 1lberta Cooperative !rocery) .omona 8eCies of The ortland 1lliance
states) $CoFops are the antidote to the centraliKation of power+
eople forget they have power as consumers to ma%e choices+
We canOt be completely disentangled from the corporate world) but we can try to provide a local model of
living further from it+ Co one is getting rich off your money at a coFop+ 6ut thatOs the economic value of
shopping here+ In return) you support a viable alternative to the vicious cycle of bottom lines and end
profits$+2=94
1s World Trade &rganiKation representatives negotiate issues of competition) agricultural subsidies) and
economic protectionism among developed nations) the pending fate of the 1merican farmer depends upon
the ability of thirdFworld farmers to $compete$ with subsidiKed agricultural giants li%e *onsanto Company+
"ee "ancaster says) P>nderneath our uni'ue aspects) we have the same structure and principles+ Welfare of
our respective neighborhoods is of vital concern to us+ 0ood coFops were started to provide local) organic
produce+ Cow with those things more mainstream) the demand is going up) and our share of that mar%et is
declining+ We have to reevaluate+$
0urther) "ancaster claims the traditional independence and decentraliKation of >+:+ cooperatives have
restricted their impact on the food industry through economies of scale) lamenting they should have been
better organiKed< $What if we could wor% with other coFops to nurture and establish other cooperatives?$ he
as%s) $In essence) this is an e-tension of neighborhood organiKing+ WeOre all driven by competition from
national chains) but in loo%ing at national issues and realiKing thereOs a lot to address) whatOs needed is a
bigger movement) not a big corporation+$2=94
2edit4 .egional trading currencies
1ccording to Thomas H+ !reco) Jr+) author of Cew *oney for Healthy Communities) $The pinnacle of
power in today(s world is the power to issue money+ If that power can be democratiKed and focused in a
direction which gives social and ecological concerns top priority) then there may yet be hoe for
saving the world"+ In this regard) many proponents of #conomic 8emocracy recommend the
regionaliKation of currencies+ :ome e-perts suggest that) $under the 6retton Woods system) the 0ederal
.eserve acted as the world(s central ban%+ This gave /merica enormous leverage over economic
olicies of its principal trading partners$+2=H4 &ther analysts add that developing nations are susceptible to
3B
e-ploitation mainly because they have no independent monetary system) using the >+:+ dollar instead+ This
feeds the fractional reserve ban%ing system) operated by the >+:+) Canada) #urope) and Japan @imperialF
centersFofFcapitalA+ 8eveloping nations pay heavily for this service through mar%et interest rates and because
ban%ing profits and property ownership emigrate to financial centers elsewhere+2B?4
1ccording to J+W+ :mith) $Currency is only the representation of wealth produced by combining land
@resourcesA) labor) and industrial capital$+ He claims that no country is free when another country has such
leverage over its entire economy+ 6ut by combining their resources) :mith says developing nations have all
three of these foundations of wealth<
6y peripheral nations using the currency of an imperial center as its trading currency) the imperial center can
actually print money to own industry within those periphery countries+ 6y forming regional trading blocs and
printing their own trading currency) the developing world has all four re'uirements for production) resources)
labor) industrial capital) and finance capital+ The wealth produced provides the value to bac% the created and
circulating money+
:mith further e-plains that developed countries need resources from the developing world as much as
developing countries need finance capital and technology from the developed world+
1side from superior military power of the imperial centers) the undeveloped world actually has suerior
bargaining leverage. With their own trading currencies) developing countries can barter their resources
to the developed world in trade for the latest industrial technologies+ 6arter avoids $hard money
monopoliKation$ and the une'ual trades between wea% and strong nations that result+ :mith suggests that
barter was how !ermany resolved many financial difficulties $put in place to strangle her$) and that $World
Wars I and II settled that trade dispute$+ He claims that their intentions of e-clusive entitlement are clearly
e-posed when the imerial centers must resort to military force to revent such barters
and maintain monooly control of others% resources.2,4
PThere were no dates in this history) but scrawled this way and that across every page were the words
6enevolence .ighteousness and *orality
T finally I began to ma%e out what was written between the lines+
The whole volume was but a single phrase)
#at eopleQ
&.6IT .&
&utside .outine 6o- Intellectual Trigger .everse &smosis sychosis
With a simple stroke of the pen with invisible ink erase the exacerbating Beliefs invisible converting SI - Satanic Insanity to the
legal certainty
3/
SOS
Sanctity of Spirit
www.Justice13.com
Consecrated Constitution
HE
Human Equals
HIM
Humanity Industrial Machine
HIS
Humanity is Science
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy
0oular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the eole
is
the belief fact
that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people)
who are the source of all political power+
It is closely associated to the social contract philosophers) among whom are Thomas Hobbes) John "oc%e
and JeanFJac'ues .ousseau+
opular sovereignty e-presses a concept and does not necessarily reflect or describe a political reality+
2,4

It is often contrasted with the concept of
parliamentary sovereignty) and with individual sovereignty+
The "ord wor%s in mysterious ways for them who amass in :pirit
http<DDwww+scribd+comDdocDB33H/3?9D&nF.ealiKingFtheF8ebtsFIncurredFbyFtheF:atanicFTheirsF:houldF6eF
#noughFtoF*a%eF#venFtheF1ntiFChristFConvertFtoF6elievingFinF!od
Humanity begins with court of competent Eurisdiction independent Eudiciary
Thy Kingdom come through the doors of 8oc%et ,;
www+doc%et,;+fran%,;+com
I! n I!"#T
##": C#W: 6:
#lite #lective "ucifer :erpentine Cever #nding War :tory 6ull :hit
http<DDwww+scribd+comDdocD,,?G3/GB?DBthF1mendmentF:icFWhatsF"egalF1idF1llF1bout
http<DDwww+attorneygeneral+Eus+gov+on+caDenglishDcontact+asp
Contact on "ine BDGD,3 1pro-+ /<9? *
1ttorney !eneral
John !erretsen
*inistry of the 1ttorney !eneral
*c*urtryF:cott 6uilding
3G
/3? 6ay :treet) ,,th 0loor
Toronto) &C
*/1 3:H
attorneygeneralUontario+ca
0rom accused
0ran% !allagher
;9 .iverglen 8rive
Keswic% &nt
"9 3G Canada
fran%ly,Urogers+com
.e< Incident V ,3F,=9HH9
.eference www+fran%ygoestocourt+com
8ear John
I would li%e to consult with my assigned independent defense lawyer please
,=+ @,A #very individual is e'ual before and under the law and has the right to the e'ual protection and e'ual
benefit of the law
without discrimination
and) in particular)
without discrimination
based on race) national or ethnic origin) colour) religion) se-) age or mental or physical disability+
1n important part of the Crown(s F and thus the 1ttorney !eneral(s F
responsibility in conducting criminal prosecutions is associated with the responsibility to represent the public
interest F which includes
not only the community as a whole and the victim)
but also the accused+
The Crown has a distinct responsibility to the court to present all the credible evidence available+
"egal 1id Illegal
Ipso 0acto rima 0acia #vidence #-posed
3H
PThere were no dates in this history) but scrawled this way and that across every page were the words
6#C#I&"#CC#) .I!HT#&>:C#:: and *&.1"ITY
finally I began to ma%e out what was written between the lineL the whole volume filled a single page<
#1T #&"#Q
,9*39:
&ne for *oney Two for :how
Doublethink
means holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously.
The .oles and .esponsibilities of the 1ttorney !eneral is a smorgasbord of Conflict of Interest and
dedication to $#lusivity$ of the .ule of "aw that demands a clear separation of powers of which the 1ttorney
!enera position is considered $Judicial "i%e$ while the$ !uardian of the ublic Interest$
8eranged righteous *ental retards
8r *r
:erpentine #vilFangelFist "everaging 0rauds !enocidal &ligarchy 8emonFstrative Imperialist Capitalists
SSS
Satanic Sucker Sandwich
;?
Pig/Trough/Piglet
On Either side of the Law battle for luxury at Humanity expense
OITINGO
Once In There is No getting Out
SSRE IF PFEE
Satanic Spirit Roman Empire Ipso Facto Prima Facia Evidence Exposed
1ttorney !eneral 1dministers "aw :ociety 1ct with too many H1T:
http<DDwww+scribd+comDdocD,,3?HH/;3DaganFCoif
"aw :ociety voices support for sustainable legal aid
Tuesday) 0ebruary ,;
&rganiKation< Release1 Law #ociety of )er 2anada
T&.&CT&) 0eb+ ,3 DCCWD F The Treasurer of the "aw :ociety of >pper
Canada) !avin *acKenKie) today e-pressed the "aw :ociety(s continuing concern over the need
for a well-funded and sustainable system of legal
aid
in &ntario+
$We believe that the right of vulnerable citiKens to legal assistance is an important
component of the administration of Eustice in a free and democratic society)$ the Treasurer said+
$:ince the &ntario "egal 1id lan was founded in ,HB/) the "aw :ociety has recogniKed that legal aid
should be considered a right) not a charitable gift) and that individuals
are e'ual before the law
only
if they are assured the option of legal representation+"
Since 1982 it was guaranteed to every individual and the taxpayers pay enough not to
consider it a charity or anything else but a possession, personal property attached as an
arm or a leg to the certainty every individual is protected from the criminal element that
obviously the governments are the ultimate criminal element
;,
$*ore than a million &ntarians benefit from "egal 1id &ntario every year) many of them through our
e-cellent clinic system$) he added+ $"egal aid also helps many vulnerable &ntarians with family law)
criminal law) wor%ers( compensation) immigration) landlordFtenant and other legal issues+$ 6ut there are still
many thousands of individuals in &ntario who cannot afford legal services and do not 'ualify for support
from the system+ The income threshold is far too low F if you earn Eust over R,;)??? a year you
are too rich to 'ualify for legal aid+ We are alarmed by the dramatic increase in the number of
people who try to represent themselves in court without the benefit of legal representation or
advice about their rights+
3thers simly give u their right to a fair hearing+
4or all of these eole, access to "ustice is denied."
www+cdfEi+0ran%,;+com
What the hell would they know about a fair hearing!
The York Regional Police used that word Threshold when they said my irrefutable evidence of the
criminally fraudulent crimes committed at the ORHT did not meet the Threshold to roceed before the
courts! "#ee #un $ditor October % &''(
https<DDdocs+google+comDviewer?
aWvXpidWe-plorerXchromeWtrueXsrcidW?6=iCc:IBI!1CEY-Y3Y=*3*tYThmZC??Z!Y;"TgK*!Yt
YTChC8Y-C8ClC8>wXhlWen
document for the irrefutable evidence! )t is all ublished on the #crbdt site!*
"he criminal element flourishes as a result "he #aw Society has known that since the legal
aid crises in the late 2$th century and then the reason for the #egal %id %ct in 19&' contrary
to every individual(s democratic rights )oney is their preoccupation setting out laws that find
them in prosperity amongst the carnage *poverty+ they create while purporting to care about
,n desperation the disadvantaged impoverished are led to crime to survive
,n 1982 it became mandatory to ensure every individual(s guaranteed -harter rights of e.ual
protection and benefits are guaranteed but they got the #egal %id kitty funded and hence
began to provide the amoral and criminal element legal council funded by the taxpayers who
could not afford to access the court system themselves thereby adverse to their guaranteed
-harter rights of e.ual protection where punishment attentive to deterrence is the only viable
means of present knowledge as the criminal element runs rampant
The "aw :ociety regards the 1ttorney !eneral(s appointment of rofessor John *cCamus to
review legal aid issues and the establishment of a wor%ing group with "egal 1id &ntario as
important steps toward the development of strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness
of legal aid) including the provision of ade'uate and stable funding+
01CT :H##T
6ac%grounder on "egal 1id in &ntario
;3
1s early as the ,H3?s) lawyers in &ntario recogniKed the need for a legal aid system in this
province+ The need became palpable over the ne-t two decades) and in ,H=,) &ntario became the
first province in Canada to pass legislation establishing an organiKed legal aid programme+ 77
:ince that time &ntario(s legal aid programme has undergone several transformations+
Initially) the programme was controlled by The "aw :ociety of >pper Canada @the $"aw
:ociety$A and financed by the provincial government+ Those in need of legal aid services went to
their local law association and sought eligibility based on proof of legal and financial need+
&nly criminal and civil law proceedings were covered at that time+ "awyers provided legal
assistance on a volunteer basis and were only paid for disbursements and administrative
e-penses F not their labour+
The voluntary plan was unable to ade'uately meet the demand for legal aid services) and in
,HB;) a Joint Committee of the &ntario government and the "aw :ociety was appointed to
develop a new system+ The Joint Committee recommended a formal system modelled on the
legal aid plans of #ngland and :cotland where private lawyers acted for clients on legal aid
certificates and were paid for their services+ 6ased on the Joint Committee(s recommendations)
the &ntario government created the $&ntario "egal 1id lan$ in ,HB/+ It soon became clear that)
while lowFincome individuals needed legal aid certificates in
growing numbers) they also needed many legal services that the private bar could not provide+
To service those needs) the first $community legal aid clinic$ opened in Toronto in ,H/,+
Clinic lawyers focused on poverty law services such as wor%ers( compensation) social assistance)
and landlordFtenant disputes+ They also wor%ed on community legal education and important law
reform and community development initiatives+ Initially funded by charitable grants) the clinics
began to receive provincial funding in the midF,H/?s+
6oth the legal aid certificate programme and the community legal clinic programme grew
substantially throughout the ,HG?s and ,HH?s+ :everal factors F including an economic recession
F led to a dramatic increase in the need for legal aid certificates by &ntarians in the early ,HH?s+
That same decade) federal ontributions to provincial legal aid programmes were capped+
1nother review of &ntario(s legal aid system was conducted in ,HH/+ The resulting
$*cCamus .eport$ recommended the creation of an independent body to govern the "egal
1id lan+ In response) the &ntario government created "egal 1id &ntario @$"1&$A
N an independent) publicly funded) ublicly accountable non-proft corporation that
continues to
administer the province(s legal aid programme today+
"1& is the second largest Eustice agency in &ntario and one of the largest providers of
legal services in Corth 1merica+ #very year) "1& serves one million of &ntario(s most
vulnerable citiKens+ Its clients often have language and cultural issues) literacy and education
issues) or mental health issues+ :ome clients have drug or alcohol dependency) or may have
e-perienced domestic violence or human rights violations+ "1& provides services in a
number of different ways) including certificates) duty counsel) community legal clinics) public
legal education) alternative dispute resolution) and selfFhelp materials+
Individuals see%ing legal aid are still subEect to a review of both their financial circumstances
and the type of legal problem they are facing+ In some cases) clients are re'uired to ma%e
;;
some financial contribution to the cost of their legal services+ To be clear about whom "1& is
assisting) "1& indicates that an individual will probably be eligible for legal aid if their net
annual income is at or below R,;)?BG+
What &ntario lawyers perceived in the ,H3?s) what the Joint Committee e-pressed in the
,HB?s) and what many people e-perience firstFhand in &ntario courts every day) is that
individuals are e*ual before the law
only
if they are assured
the otion of reresentation by counsel.
5n a democratic society, everyone should be able to articiate fully in
society and
have their rights rotected.
Canada has an adversarial Eustice system that anticipates two roughly e'ual parties
presenting their cases before a Eudge in a court of law+
What happens if there is an imbalance of power between the two parties?
When an &ntarian cannot afford to hire a lawyer) an
imbalance of ower exists, esecially
when the state is one of the
arties)
as in criminal law and child protection cases+ "egal aid attempts to correct
this imbalance by providing lowFincome individuals with legal representation+
The legal aid system contributes to ensuring the potential for e'ual protection and benefit of
the law for the poor and disadvantaged in our society+
H1T :##
Half 1ss Twits :elf #-posed #-ploiters
http://www.scribd.com/doc/110394834/The-Bar-is-sed-to-!i"ence-#eop"e-$i%e-&ichard-'ine
(ontinued
http://en.wi%ipedia.or)/wi%i/(onstitution
A constitution
is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organiKation is
governed+2,4 These rules together ma%e up) i+e+ constitute) what the entity is+ When these principles are
written down into a single collection or set of legal documents) those documents may be said to comprise a
written constitution+
;9
Constitutions concern different levels of organiKations) from sovereign states to companies and
unincorporated associations+ 1 treaty which establishes an international organiKation is also its constitution in
that it would define how that organiKation is constituted+ Within states) whether sovereign or federated) a
constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based) the procedure in which laws are made and
by whom+ :ome constitutions) especially written constitutions) also act as limiters of state power by
establishing lines which a state(s rulers cannot cross such as
*undamenta" ri)hts.
Generally, every modern written constitution confers specific powers to an organization or institutional entity,
established upon the primary condition that it
abides by the said constitution's limitations.
According to Scott Gordon, a political organization is constitutional to the extent that it "contains! institutiona"i+ed
mechanisms of power control for
the protection of the interests and "iberties of the citi+enr,,
including those that may be in the minority+$2/4
Human rights
are commonly understood as $inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply
because she or he is a human being+$2,4 Human rights are thus conceived as universal @applicable
everywhereA and egalitarian @the same for everyoneA+ These rights may e-ist as natural rights or as legal
rights) in both national and international law+234 The doctrine of human rights in international practice)
within international law) global and regional institutions) in the policies of states and in the activities of nonF
governmental organiKations) has been a cornerstone of public policy around the world+ The idea of human
rights2;4 states) $if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral
language) it is that of human rights+$
8espite this) the strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provo%e considerable
s%epticism and debates about the content) nature and Eustifications of human rights to this day+
Indeed)
the 'uestion of what is meant by a $right$ is itself controversial and the subEect of continued philosophical
debate+294
*any of the basic ideas that animated the movement developed in the aftermath of the :econd World War
and the atrocities of The Holocaust) culminating in the adoption of the>niversal 8eclaration of Human
.ights in aris by the >nited Cations !eneral 1ssembly in ,H9G+ The ancient world did not possess the
concept of universal human rights+2=41ncient societies had $elaborate systems of duties+++ conceptions of
Eustice) political legitimacy) and human flourishing that sought to realiKe human dignity) flourishing) or wellF
being entirely independent of human rights$+2B4 The modern concept of human rights developed during the
early *odern period) alongside the #uropean seculariKation of JudeoFChristian ethics+2/4 The true forerunner
of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval Catural
;=
law tradition that became prominent during the #nlightenment with such philosophers as John "oc%e)
0rancis Hutcheson) and JeanFJac'ues 6urlama'ui) and featured prominently in the political discourse of the
1merican .evolution and the 0rench .evolution+
0rom this foundation) the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the twentieth
century+ !elling as social activism and political rhetoric in many nations put it high on the world agenda+2G4
1ll human beings are born free and e'ual in dignity and rights+ They are endowed with reason and
conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood+
M1rticle , of the >nited Cations >niversal 8eclaration of Human .ights @>8H.A2H4
http<DDen+wi%ipedia+orgDwi%iDConstitutionJ1ct)J,HG3
The Canadian Charter of .ights and 0reedoms is a bill of rights+
The Charter is intended to
protect certain political and civil rights of people in Canada
[[[[from[[[[
the policies and actions of all levels of government+
It is also supposed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights+2;4 294
The Charter was preceded by the Canadian 6ill of .ights) which was introduced by the government of John
8iefenba%er in ,HB?+
However) the 6ill of .ights was only a federal statute) rather than a constitutional document+
Therefore) it was limited in scope and was easily amendable+ This motivated some within government to
improve rights protections in Canada+
The movement for human rights and freedoms that emerged after World War II also wanted to entrench the
principles enunciated in the
>niversal 8eclaration of Human .ights+2=4
Hence) the government of rime *inister ierre Trudeau enacted the Charter in ,HG3+
>niversal 8eclaration of Human .ights
The pursuit of human rights was a central reason for creating the >C+ World War II atrocities and genocide
led to a ready consensus that the new organiKation must wor% to prevent any similar tragedies in the future+
1n early obEective was creating a legal framewor% for considering and acting on complaints about human
rights violations+ The >C Charter obliges all member nations to promote $universal respect for) and
observance of) human rights$ and to ta%e $Eoint and separate action$ to that end+ The >niversal 8eclaration
of Human .ights)
though not legally binding)
was adopted by the !eneral 1ssembly in ,H9G as a common standard of achievement for all+ The 1ssembly
regularly ta%es up human rights issues+
1 large share of >C e-penditures addresses the core >C mission of peace and security+ The peace%eeping
budget for the 3??=N3??B fiscal year was appro-imately >:R= billion) \3+= billion @compared to
appro-imately >:R,+= billion) \HH= million for the >C core budget over the same periodA) with some /?)???
troops deployed in ,/ missions around the world+2B?4 >C peace operations are funded by assessments) using
a formula derived from the regular funding scale) but including a weighted surcharge for the five permanent
:ecurity Council members) who must approve all peace%eeping operations+ This surcharge serves to offset
discounted peace%eeping assessment rates for less developed countries+ 1s of , January 3?,,) the top ,?
providers of assessed financial contributions to >nited Cations peace%eeping operations were< the >nited
:tates) Japan) the >nited Kingdom) !ermany) 0rance) Italy) China) Canada) :pain and the .epublic of Korea+
2B,4
;B
:pecial >C programmes not included in the regular budget @such as >CIC#0) the W0 and >C8A are
financed by voluntary contributions from other member governments+ *ost of this is financial contributions)
but some is in the form of agricultural commodities donated for afflicted populations+ :ince their funding is
voluntary) many of these agencies suffer severe shortages during economic recessions+
In July 3??H) the World 0ood rogramme reported that it has been forced to cut services because of
insufficient funding+2B34
It has received barely a 'uarter of the total it needed for the ?HD,? financial year+
*any of the basic ideas that animated the movement developed in the aftermath of the :econd World War
and the atrocities of the Holocaust) culminating in the adoption of the
>niversal 8eclaration of Human
.ights
in aris by the >nited Cations !eneral 1ssembly in ,H9G+
The ancient world did not possess the concept of universal human rights+2=4 1ncient societies had $elaborate
systems of duties+++ conceptions of Eustice) political legitimacy) and human flourishing that sought to realiKe
human dignity) flourishing) or wellFbeing entirely independent of human rights$+2B4 The modern concept of
human rights developed during the early *odern period) alongside the #uropean seculariKation of JudeoF
Christian ethics+2/4 The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which
appeared as part of the medieval Catural law tradition) became prominent during the #nlightenment with
such philosophers as John "oc%e) 0rancis Hutcheson) and JeanFJac'ues 6urlama'ui) and featured
prominently in the political discourse of the 1merican .evolution and the 0rench .evolution+
*ultinational companies play an increasingly large role in the world) and have been responsible for
numerous human rights abuses+2=34 1lthough the legal and moral environment surrounding the actions of
governments is reasonably well developed) that surrounding multinational companies is both controversial
and illFdefined+2citation needed4 *ultinational companies( primary responsibility is to theirshareholders) not
to those affected by their actions+ :uch companies may be larger than the economies of some of the states
within which they operate) and can wield significant economic and political power+ Co international treaties
e-ist to specifically cover the behavior of companies with regard to human rights) and national legislation is
very variable+ Jean Ziegler) :pecial .apporteur of the >C Commission on Human .ights on the right to food
stated in a report in 3??;<
In 1ugust 3??; the Human .ights Commission(s :ubFCommission on the romotion and rotection of
Human .ights produced draft Corms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business
enterprises with regard to human rights+2=94 These were considered by the Human .ights Commission in
3??9)
but have no binding status on cororations and are not monitored.
6,,7
Would a government appointed Court of Competent Jurisdiction be appropriate to protect us
from appropriating governments
;/
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8Ts
8isadvantaged Trough
www+8oc%et,;+0ran%,;+com
0ran%y goes to Court
www+gst,;+com
!od :ave the eople
;G