Etiolog Exposure to toxic chemicals Risk factors Previous infections

o Factory workers o Human T Lymphocytic

o Black hair dye Virus Type 1
o Epstein Barr virus
Idiopathic Stress

Medical condition that

Genetic: family history of Lymphoma compromise the immune
system:
o Patient who undergone
tonsillectomy
Acquisition of self sufficiency growth signal o HIV
o Patient with
Immunosuppressive
Disregard normal regulation of cell proliferation therapy
o Inherited
immunodeficiency

Loss capacity for apoptosis Loss of sensitivity of anti-growth signal

Circumvent programmed Escape replicative senescence Avoiding differentiation

limitations to proliferate

Genetically unstable

Mutation inactivates tumor Mutation inactivates DNA repair gene

suppressor genes

Increase mutation rate Increase growth of oncogenes

 Damage DNA

Alteration of genetic expression of the cell

Changes in the molecular

structure of DNA
Night sweats Fever Chills

Presence of proliferating atypical Reed

Sternberg cell in the Lymph Node
Increase metabolic Increase body
rate temperature
Continuous Inflammatory process R-S cells counteracts

Continuous activation of lymphoid markers or immune response markers Production of Cell lines of
RS cells
Due to obvious neoplastic growth L1236
KMCH2

Cysteinyl
CD15 CD25 CD30 CD40 CD71 Leukotrines
BLOCK this
mechanism Receptor
Mediates Activation of Increase Co Recognizes
phagocytosis T&B tumor stimulatory Transferin
& chemotaxis lymphocytes necrosis protein receptor
factors
Enhance Regulates transport of
Regulates release of iron into proliferating
Apoptosis chemical cells (Macrophages, B
mediators lymphocytes etc.)
Slowly progressive defect in humoral Unbalanced/uncontrolled Clonal cytogenetic Mutation and
and cell-mediated immunity proliferation of multiple cytokines abnormality of p53 clonal
immunoglobulin
rearrangements
Continuous exhaustion and depletion Altered cytokines Cancer- Decrease anti-
of normal functioning lymphocytes function in Cachexic cancer mechanism
Hematopoiesis Syndrome

Weakened
immune system Uncontrolled  Unexplain
decrease ed loss of Release more blocking factors that
stimulation of BM wt. coat the neoplastic cells (RS cell)
Increase Pluripotent cell  Muscle
proliferation of and Progenitor atrophy Increase resistance of R-S cells
opportunistic cells
microorganisms  weakness to any immune response action

Altered or
 Cough Disruption in
 Diarrhea Hematopoietic
process Increase neoplastic growth

Decrease Anemia
oxygen
perfusion
Lymphadenopathy Increase tumor size

Weakness Easy fatigability

Swelling/Enlargement Altered
of the Lymphnode Lymphnode
function
 Lymphatic drainage
obstruction

Decrease ability filter Stagnation of lymph in

and cleanse Lymph the interstitial space

Contributes to Occurrence of
bacterial, unusual fluid shifting
fungal, viral and
protozoal infections
Edema

Bacteremia

Sepsis

DEATH
 Acquisition of
ability to invade Penetrate lymphatic Enter circulation
neighboring vessels
tissue
Cross the basal lamina and endothelial
lining of the vessel

Exit circulation

Establish a new cellular colony at distant sites

Infiltration to body organs

Metastatic cells enhance angiogenic signals

Angiogenesis

Deprivation of nourishment
to normal cells

Cell death Metastatic cell

overtakes
Infiltrated organs

Bone Marrow Spleen Liver

Depressed BM
activity Decrease spleen
function Decrease liver
function
Altered Hematopoetic
function Decrease ability to
store platelets Unable to
conjugate
indirect Bilirubin
Pancytopenia Decrease
mechanical filtration
Systemic
Decrease ability to absorption
remove unwanted
materials and old
RBC Accumulation in
the skin

Decrease anti
infection mechanism Jaundice Pruritus