Dr Azza Kamal

ILOs
By the end of this lecture, each student should be able to:
1. Describe the origin, course, termination , relations & branches of axillary artery. 2. Describe the origin, course, tributaries & termination of axillary vein. 3. Enumerate groups of axillary lymph nodes 4. Explain areas of drainage of each group of axillary L.N.
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 Axillary artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery. Starts at the outer border of the first rib . Ends at lower border of the teres major muscle where it continues as the brachial artery.
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 Axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery. Starts at the outer border of the first rib . Ends at lower border of the teres major muscle where it continues as the brachial artery. Dr Azza Kamal

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Parts of Axillary Artery

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Pectoralis minor muscle crosses in front of the axillary artery and divides it into three parts.

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Axillary artery

1 2 3

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First part :
Above pectoralis minor

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Branches of first part of axillary artery One branch superior thoracic artery

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Superior thoracic art

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Second part :
Behind pectoralis minor

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Branches of the second part :

A

1. Thoracoacromial artery D

P C

Acromial

Pectoral

Clavicular

Deltoid

2. Lateral thoracic artery

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D P

Lat. thoracic A

or Th

m ro ac co a

lA ia

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Third part :
Below pectoralis minor

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Branches of the third part:

1. Subscapular artery 2. Anterior circumflex humeral artery 3. Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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Post. circumflex humeral art

Ant. circumflex humeral art subscapular art

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Dr Azza Kamal

Relations of Axillary
Artery

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skin

ANTERIOR
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor

3rd

2nd

1st

Axillary A

Latissimus Teres major Subscapularis dorsi

2rib 1rib

1st & 2nd digitations of serratus ant.

POSTERIOR

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Co ra A co L br ac hi ali s

LA TE R

AX AR ILL ET AR ER Y Y

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M ED IA L

AX IL VE LAR IN Y

Surface anatomy of the axillary artery

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Axillary Vein
Begins at the

lower border of teres major

muscle

as a continuation of the

basilic vein .

Ends at the outer border of first rib and continues as the

subclavian vein .
medial to axillary artery
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Axillary vein is

CEPHALIC VEIN

BASILIC VEIN
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SUBCLAVIAN VEIN

AXILLARY VEIN BASILIC VEIN

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Axillary vein Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

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Tributaries of axillary vein

1. Tributaries corresponding to the branches of the axillary artery. 2. Cephalic vein. 3. Two venae comitantes of the brachial artery.

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CEPHALIC VEIN
TRIBUTARIES CORRESPONDING TO BRANCHES OF AXILLARY ARTERY

TRIBUTARIES OF AXILLARY VEIN

BRACHIAL VEINS

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Axillary Lymph Nodes

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1/ anterior (pectoral) group. 2/ posterior (subscapular) group. 3/ lateral group. 4/ central group. 5/ apical (Infraclavicular) group .

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Anterior (pectoral) group at lower border of pectoralis minor Along lateral thoracic vessels

Posterior ( subscapular) group at lower border of subscapularis Along subscapular vessels

Lateral group

along the upper part of humerus in the center of axilla near its base

Central group

Apical group in the apex ofAzza Kamal axilla Dr

Central group Lateral group

in y ve lar pe Axil ct
er us hu m
or ali sm

Apical group

ino r

Anterior group

Posterior group
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Anterior Group

1- Central & Lateral quadrants of the Breast

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2- Anterolateral wall of the trunk above umbilicus

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Posterior Group

1- Axillary tail of breast

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Posterior Group

Back as far as iliac crest

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Infraclavicular L.N.

Lateral group of Axillary L.N.

Lateral L.N.

Supratrochlear L.N.

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Apical Group

1- upper part of breast

+ It receives from All Other groups
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*Anterolateral wall of the trunk *central & lateral part of breast

Anterior (pectoral) group Posterior subscapular) (subscapular) group central group apical group
infraclavicular

*Back as far as the level of the iliac crests + axillary tail of breast *All upper limb except lateral side of fingers, hand, forearm and arm.

lateral group
lateral side of fingers, hand, forearm and arm
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Clinical Note

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 Since axillary L.N. drain the upper limb, breast, anterior & posterior body walls above the level of umbilicus, therefore in any inflamation or malignancy in these areas, examination of

the axillary L. N. is necessary

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 The axillary artery gives the following branches , EXCEPT:

A. B. C. D. E. Suprascapular artery Superior thoracic artery Lateral thoracic artery Subscapular artery Thoraco-acromial artery

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 The 3rd part of the axillary artery lies anterior to the following , EXCEPT:
A. B. C. D. Subscapularis Teres major Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major

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 Lymphatics from central & lateral quadrants of the breast drain DIRECTLY into:
A. B. C. D. E. Pectoral group of axillary L.N. Lateral group of axillary L.N. Posterior group of axillary L.N. Central group of axillary L.N. Apical group of axillary L.N.
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Dr Azza Kamal