Chris Palma Period 2 11 5 12 Ionic Vs Covalent bonding Lab investigation Introduction: Atoms are found in the period table

with a total of eight valence electrons. They bond covalently or ionicly to form an octect or a full shell. They bond because an anion with a negative charge attracts cations with a positive charge. This allows the particles to share or transfer electrons successfully. The electrons will only be transferred correctly if the octect is formed. Without these the atoms wouldnt become stable. Hypothesis: Table 1: the expected results of testing five different chemicals Compounds to tested Chemical Formula Hypothesis1: Ionic Hypothesis 2: High or covalent or low melting points? Distilled water Sodium Chloride Sucrose (shugar) Dextrose Sodium Chloride H20 NaCl C6H22O11 C6H12O6 NaSo6 covalent ionic covalent covalent ionic low high low low high No yes no no yes Hypothesis 3: will it conduct electricity?

Procedures: Part I. Melting point and strength of bonds 1. fold aluminum foil into a square that will neatly fit on the ring-stand. place a sample or each of the 4 different compounds(water is already melted) on your square of aluminum foil (all 4 at the same time). be careful not to mix them up & keep track. Carefully place the tray on the ring stand and heat with the Bunsen burner ( no longer than 1 2 min).

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Chris Palma Period 2 11 5 12 3. Immediately begin recording your detailed observations , keeping track of the order in which the samples melt (or dont melt if thats the case)-which ones have strong bonds and which have weak. Allow the square of foil to cool and then wash it of into the sink.

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PARTII. Electrical Conductivity 1. Weigh an approximately 0.1 gram of each sample compound in different wells of a plate(make sure to zero the well plate on the balance) Test the dry compounds for conductivity with the tester . Record your observations (yes or No). Add enough drops of distilled to the well to dissolve the compounds as best you can . Test the solution for conductivity with the tester. Record your observations (Yes and no0. Make sure to wash the conductivity tester with distilled water after every use. Repeat for all of the sample

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5. Results:

Table 2: the results of testing five different Chemicals Name/Chemical Formula: Distilled (pure) water/H2O Sodium chloride/NaCl Sucrose(sugar)C12H22O11 Dextrose/ C6H22O11 Sodium Sulfate/NaSO4 : Part I: Melting point (1-5), med. or low ?) I= lowest(already melted) 5 2 3 4 Part II: conducted Electricity (Yes/No) Dry Dissolved no no no no no no yes no no yes Final Conclusion: Ionic or Covalent Bonds Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic

From the results, the ionic compounds were those that conducted electricity and had high melting points. However, the covalent compounds have low melting points and dont

Chris Palma Period 2 11 5 12 conduct electricity in water. Sucrose and dextrose were both covalent bonds and were the first two to melt in the buns and burner. After adding distilled water into the compounds they were tested with a tool to check if they conducted electricity but didnt. On the other hand, the two ionic bonds; Sodium Chloride and Sodium sulfate conducted electricity in distilled water and dissolved later on then the covalent bonds. Ionic bonds are formed from metal cations(+) and non-metal anions(-) so when they dissolve in water, electricity can flow through the solution. Additionally, Ionic Bonds are very strong since electrostatic attractions hold cations and anions together. The atoms were able to be determined by figuring out which compounds conducted electricity and by their capacity of high or low melting points. Conclusion: In conclusion the beginning hypothesis was correct because all educated guesses came out to be correct. The prediction was Sodium Chloride and Sodium sulfate were going to be ionic and Sucrose as well as Dextrose was covalent. This was concluded because of their melting points and their ability to conduct electricity