Contents

Introduction Three Point Starter Four Point Starter Conclusion Reference

NECESSITY OF DC MOTOR STARTER

INTRODUCTION At the time of starting at the DC motor N = 0 & Eb = 0. We know that Eb = V IaRa O = V IaRa F a = V / Ra Suppose V = 230 V Ra = 1 Therefore, Ia = 220 / 1 = 220A Hence at starting the D.C. motor armature will draw very high current & this high current will damage the brushes, commutator, armature etc. In order to reduce high value of current, starters are necessary.

3 POINT STARTER
This type of starter is widely used for starting shunt and compound motors. OPERATION To start with the D.C. supply is switched on with handle in the Off position The handle is now moved clockwise to the 1st stud. As soon as it comes in contact with the 1st stud the shunt field way is directly connected across the supply, while the whole starting resistance is inserted I series with armature ckj

 As the handle gradually moved over to the final stud, the starting resistance is cut out of the armature CKTS in steps. The handle is now held magnetically by the no volt release coil which is energized by shunt field current. In the supply voltage is suddenly interrupted or of the field excitation is accidentally cut, the no volt release coil is demagnetized and the handle goes back to the Off position under the pull of spring. If no volt release coil where not used. If motor is overloaded, it will draw excessive current from the supply this current will increase the ampere turns of the overload release coil and pull the armature, this short circuiting the no-volt release coil. The no volt coil is demagnetized and handle is pulled to the Off position by the spring. Thus the motor is automatically disconnected from the supply. DRAW BACK In a 3 Point starter, the no volt release coil is connected in series with the shunt field CKT so that it carried the shunt field current.

4 POINT STARTER
Operation In a 4-point starter, the no-volt release coil is connected directly the supply line through a protective resistance R. Now the no-volt release coil CKT is independent of the shunt field CKT. Therefore, proper speed control can be exercised without affecting the operation of no volt release coil Its working is same as like 3 Point starter.

 Such a starter with its internal wiring is shown connected to a long shunt compound motor in figure. We compare to the 3 Point starter, It will b noticed that one important change has been made, i.e the hold on coil has been taken out shunt field CKT & has been connected directly across through a line protecting resistance. When arm touches stud. No 01 then the current divides into 3 parts. One part passing through starting resistance Rs series field & motor armature. The second part passes through the shunt field & its field rheostat Rh. The third part passes through the Hold-on coil & current protecting resistance R. It should be particularly noted that with this arrangement any change of current in the shunt field CKT does not at all affect the current inserted in series with armature CKT. As the handle gradually moved over to the final stud, the starting resistance is cut out of the armature CKTs in steps. The handle is now held magnetically by the no-volt release coil which is energized by shunt field current. If the supply voltage is suddenly interrupted or of the field excitation is accidentally cut, the no volt release coil is demagnetized and the handle goes back to the off position under the pull of spring. If no-volt release coil were not used. If motor is overloaded, it will draw excessive current from the supply this current will increase the ampere-terms of the overload release coil & pull the armature C, thus short circuiting the no-volt release coil. The no volt coil is demagnetized and handle is pulled to the off position by the spring. Thus, the motor is automatically disconnected from the supply.

Conclusion We studied that the 4 Point starter construction is same as 3 Point Starter expect the no volt is connected in series with rheostat. Reference: Book by B.L. Thereja Book by V.K. Mehta