Blood Supply of Brain Supplied by two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries and their branches

anastomose to form the circle of Willis Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) - Begins at bifurcation of common carotid artery where it possesses localized dilatation (carotid sinus) - Terminates as anterior and middle cerebral arteries posterior to the medial end of lateral cerebral sulcus Branches of Cerebral portion 1. Opthalmic Artery - Arises as ICA emerges from cavernous sinus - Supplies eye, other orbital structures. Terminal branches supply frontal area of scalp, ethmoid and frontal sinuses, dorsum of nose 2. Posterior Communicating Artery - Emerges near ICAs terminal bifurcation - Joins posterior cerebral artery (PCA) to form Circle of Willis 3. Choroidal artery - Also emerges near ICAs terminal bifurcation - Enters inferior horn of lateral ventricles and ends in choroid plexus to supply the crus cerebri, lateral geniculate body, optic tract, and internal capsule 4. Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) - Smaller branch of ICA. Enters longitudinal fissure of cerebrum and is joined to ACA of opposite side by Anterior communicating artery. It curves backward over corpus callosum to anastomose with PCA - Cortical branches supply medial area of cortex up to parieto-occipital sulcus and 1 inch on adjoining lateral surface (leg area of pre-central gyrus) - Central branches help supply parts of lentiform and caudate nuclei and internal capsule 5. Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) - Largest branch - Cortical branches supply entire lateral surface except those supplied by ACA. Thus it supplies all motor area except the leg area - Central branches supply lentiform and caudate nuclei and internal capsule - UMNL/face & UE ang affected pag nagkaproblema

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Vertebral Artery - Branch of subclavian artery, ascends neck through transverse foramen of C1-C6 - Lower border of pons, joins vertebral artery of opposite side to form Basilar Artery and ascends in a groove on the anterior surface of pons . it divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries at upper border of pons. - Posterior Cerebral Artery is joined by posterior communicating branch of ICA - Cortical branches inferolateral and medial surfaces of temporal lobe and the lateral and medial surfaces of occipital lobe (Visual cortex) - Central branches supply parts of the thalamus, lentiform nucleus, midbrain, pineal and medial geniculate bodies - Choroidal branch enters inferior horn of lateral ventricle to supply choroid plexus. Also supplies choroid plexus of third ventricle - Blindness pag nagkaproblema sa arteries Circle of Willis - Lies at interpeduncular fossa at base of brain - Formed by anterior communicating artery, ACAs, ICAs, posterior communicating arteries, PCAs, and basilar arteries Arteries to Specific Brain Areas - Corpus Striatum and Internal Capsule supplied by medial and lateral striate central branches of MCA - Thalamus supplied by posterior communicating, basilar, and PCA - Midbrain supplied by PCA, basilar, and superior cerebellar artery - Pons supplied by basilar, anterior, inferior, and superior cerebellar arteries - Medulla oblongata supplied by vertebral, anterior and posterior spinal, posterior inferior cerebellar, and basilar arteries - Cerebellum supplied by superior cerebellar, anterior inferior cerebellar, posterior inferior cerebellar ** Blood supply to the brain sympathetic blood supply which causes vasoconstriction Autoregulation specific amount of blood that goes to the brain - Increase in CO2 and hydrogen(acidic) vasodilation - Decrease in O2 Cerebral blood flow 15% of Cardiac output, 50-60mL/100g of brain tissue/min Cerebral ischemia 5-10s: unconscious; 1min: neuronal function; 4mins: irreversible changes Cerebral angiography

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