National Status on LFR Development: EURATOM

International Conference Room, Campus Innovation Center (CIC) Tamachi Campus, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo Japan 9 November, 2012 Seminar : Activities for Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFR) in Generation IV International Forum (GIF)

Alessandro Alemberti Alessandro.Alemberti@ann.ansaldo.it Al d Al b ti@ ld it

Contents
INTRODUCTION EURATOMFP7PROJECTS ELFRconfiguration ELFRSafetySystems UPDATEONEURATOMLFRSTATUS

Introduction
Developmentofanewreactortechnologymustfollow gradualandprogressivestepstoreachmaturity
Identificationofmainissuesrelatedtothetechnology SmallscaletoLargescaleexperimentalfacilities Irradiationtests,fuelandmaterialsdevelopment

and try to: andtryto:

Exploitfullpotentialofthecoolant IncludefromthebeginningSafetyintheDesign Include from the beginning Safety in the Design Showsustainabilityofthefuelcycle DefineandevolveareferenceconceptualdesignoftheFOAK

EURATOM LFRFP7Relatedprojects EURATOM LFR FP7 Related projects ThemostrelevantprojectsfortheLFRtechnologywerefocusedtoprovide thenecessarydesignsolutions,inputdata,methodsandtoolsandstrategic researchinfrastructures.Inparticular: hi f I i l CDTFASTEF (CentralDesignTeamforaFastSpectrumTransmutation ExperimentalFacility MYRRHA) E i l F ili MYRRHA)wasaimedatdesigningafastspectrum i d d i i f irradiationfacilityoperatinginsubcriticalandcriticalmodes. LEADER (L d (LeadcooledEuropeanAdvancedDEmonstration R l dE Ad d DE i Reactor)hadthe )h d h objectivetofinalizethedesignofalargesizeLFRandtodevelopthe conceptualdesignofascaleddemonstratorwiththefollowingmaingoals: DevelopaLFRreferenceconfiguration,nowidentifiedastheEuropeanLFR (ELFR),representingacriticalsystemwithaclosedfuelcyclemeetingthe GenIVgoals Developtheconceptualdesignofascaleddemonstrator(ALFRED)ofa relevantsize(300MWth)usingcurrentlyavailabletechnologyinorderto proceedtoconstructioninarelativelyshorttimeframe.

AdditionalEURATOM LFRFP7Relatedprojects(nonexhaustive) Additional EURATOM LFR FP7 Related projects (non exhaustive)
SARGENIV (ProposalforaharmonizedEuropeanmethodologyforthesafety assessmentofinnovative fastreactors) ) SILER (SeismicInitiatedeventsriskmitigationinLEadcooledReactors),project MATTER (MATerials TEsting andRules),researchestoperformcarefulstudiesof materialsbehaviorsinGenIVoperationalconditionsandtofindoutcriteriaforthe materials behaviors in GenIV operational conditions and to find out criteria for the correctuseofthesematerialsinrelevantreactorapplications ADRIANA (ADvanced ReactorInitiativeAndNetworkArrangement),proposedto settingupthenetworkdedicatedtotheconstructionandoperationofresearch setting up the network dedicated to the construction and operation of research infrastructuresinsupportofliquidmetalfastreactorsdevelopment,through THINS (ThermalHydraulicsofInnovativeNuclearSystems),projectdevotedto importantcrosscuttingthermalhydraulicissues important crosscutting thermal hydraulic issues FREYA (FastReactorExperimentsforhYbrid Applications),projectaimedatextending theinvestigationsofthesubcriticalconfigurations ANDES (AccurateNuclearDatafornuclearEnergySustainability),improvementofthe accuracy,uncertaintiesandvalidationofnucleardataandmodels. FAIRFUELS (FAbrication,IrradiationandReprocessingofFUELS) ACSEPT (ActinidereCycling bySEParation andTransmutation)

LFRInfrastructures inEurope LFR Infrastructures in Europe

34 Experimental Facilities are in Operation or under Construction in 10 European Research I tit ti E R h Institutions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ATHENA(AdvancedThermalHydraulicExperimentfor NuclearApplication) Nuclear Application) CICLAD(CorrosionInducedbytheCirculationofaLeAD alloy) CIRCE(CircolazioneEutettico) COLONRII&II(Convectional Loop) CALLISTO(StaticLMembrittlement) CALLISTO (Static LM embrittlement) COMPLOT(COMPonent LoopTests) CORELLA(CorrosionErosionTestFacilityforLiquidLead Alloy) CORRIDA(Corrosion inDynamic Alloys) COSTA(Corrosionteststandforstagnantliquidlead COSTA (Corrosion test stand for stagnant liquid lead alloys) CRAFT(CorrosionResearchforAdvancedFastreactor Technologies) CRISLA(CreeptoRuptureTestsinStagnantLeadAlloys) ELEFANT(ExperimentalLEad ELEFANT (Experimental LEad FAcility for Neutron forNeutron productionTargets) ESCAPE(EuropeanSCAled PoolExperiment) FRETHME(FrettingTestsinHeavyLiquidMetal) HELENA(HeavyLiquidMetalLoopforsmallcomponents testing) HELIOS3(HeavyLiquidOxygenconditioningSystem3) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 KALLSTARR(KALLASteamGeneratorTubeRuprture Facility) LECOR(LeadCorrosion) LEVUSE(LBEVesselforUltraSonic Experiments) LIFUS5(Heavyliquidmetalsinteractionwithwater) LIMETS1(LiquidMetalEmbrittlement TestingStation1) LIMETS2(LiquidMetalEmbrittlement T ti St ti 2) LIMETS2 (Li id M t l E b ittl t TestingStation2) LIMETS3(LiquidMetalTestFacility) LINCE(forcedconvectionloop) LISORLeadBismuthLoop NACIE(NaturalCirculationExperiment) OSCAR(OxygenSensorCalibrationRig) RHAPTER(RemoteHAndling ProofofprincipleTest ExperimentalRig) SCCatJRC(LeadloopforSCCtestingatJRCIE,Petten) SLEEVE(SmallLeadBismuthEutecticEvaporation experiment) STELLA(StandardTechnologyLoopforLeadAlloy) TALL(ThermalhydraulicADSLeadbismuthLoop) TELEMAT(TestLoopforLeadMaterialtesting) THEADES(ThermalhydraulicsandADSDesign) ( y g )

GUINEVERE and MYRRHA

MYRRHA project schedule p j
2010-2014 Front End Engineering Design 2015 Tendering & Procurement

Accelerator (600 MeV - 4 mA proton)

Reactor Subcritical mode - 65 to 100 MWth

2016-2018 Construction of components & civil engineering

2019 On site assembly

2020-2022 Commissioning

2023 Progressive start-up

2024Full exploitation

MYRRHA (estimated cost - 960 M)

Accelerator D i A l Driven S System ETPP of LFR T h l f Technology FP7 CDT project (Myrrha design) ends March 2012 Front End Engineering Design contract to be awarded by the end of 2012 p gp g y SCKCEN entered pre-licensing phase with the Belgian Safety Authorities

GUINEVERE
Zero-Power f ilit solid L d critical and sub-critical operation Z P facility lid Lead iti l d b iti l ti Nuclear data, nuclear instrumentation, Keff measurements, code validation y y Criticality reached in February 2011 Subcritical coupling performed in October 2011

Lead-Bismuth coolant

MYRRHA Multipurpose Flexible Irradiation Facility

ALFRED ReactorArrangement
ElectricalPower(MWe) FuelCladMaterial Fueltype Steamgenerators DHRSystem DHR System 123MWe (300MWth) 15Ni15CrTi(coated) MOXmaxPu enrich.30%) Bayonettypewithdouble Bayonet type with double walls,Integratedinthe reactorvessel,Removable 2diverseandredundant 2 diverse and redundant systems(activelyactuated, Passivelyoperated) IsolationCondenser Isolation Condenser connectedtoSteam Generators:4units p providedon4outof8SGs DuplicationofDHR1 260%totalpowerremoval

DHR1

DHR2

TheIndustrialsizereferenceplant Th I d t i l i f l t ELFR EuropeanLeadFastReactor

SG Primary Pumps

DHRdip cooler

Power: 1500 MW(th) 600 MW(e) MW(th), Core diameter, 4.5 m Core height, 1.4 m Core fuel MOX (first load) Coolant temp., 400/480oC Maximum cladding temp., 550oC Efficiency: ~42% 42%

Reactor Vessel

Safety Vessel

Fuel Assemblies

ELFR

ELFR FAandCoreConfiguration

STRATEGY: -Adiabatic core power distribution flattened with two zone different hollow pellets diameters

ELFR InnerVessel,CoresupportandFuelAssembly

ELFROncethroughSpiralSG:Concept

Power LeadInletTemperature LeadOutlettemperature WaterInletTemperature SteamOutlettemperature SteamOutletPressure

MW C C C C MPa

187.5 480 400 335 464 18

ELFR PrimaryPump

Outsideimpellerdiameter,m O t id i ll di t Hubdiameter,m Impellerspeed,rpm Numberofvanes N b f Vaneprofile Suctionpipevelocity,m/s Vanestipvelocity,m/s Vanes tip velocity m/s Meridian(atimpellerentrance andexit)velocity,m/s Candidatematerial Candidate material

1.1 11 0.43 140 3 NACA23012 1.6 8.7 87 3.1 Ti3SiC2

ELFR ReactorArrangement

DecayHeatRemovalSystems
One nonsafetygrade system,thesecondarysystem,usedforthenormaldecay heatremovalfollowingthereactorshutdown Two independent,diverse,highreliablepassive andredundant safetyrelated DecayHeatRemovalsystems(DHRN1andDHRN2):incaseofunavailabilityofthe secondarysystem,theDHRN1systemiscalleduponandintheunlikeeventof secondary system the DHR N1 system is called upon and in the unlike event of unavailabilityofthefirsttwosystemstheDHRN2startstoevacuatetheDHR

DHRN1:
4 IsolationCondenser (IC)systemconnectedto4outof8SGs

DHRN2:
4 IsolationCondenser systemsconnectedto4DipCoolers (DCs)inthecoldpool y p ( ) p

DHRSystemsfeatures
Independence obtained by means of two different systems with nothing in common obtainedbymeansoftwodifferentsystemswithnothingincommon Diversity obtainedbymeansoftwosystemsbasedondifferentphysicalprinciples Redundancy isobtainedbymeansofthreeoutoffourloops(ofeachsystem)sufficientto fulfiltheDHRsafetyfunctionevenifasinglefailureoccurs Passivity obtainedbymeansofusinggravitytooperatethesystem(noneedofACpower)

ELFR DecayHeatRemovalSystems
DHR N1 ICS
(1 of the 4 Independent loops)

DHR N2 DC
(1 of the 4 Independent loops) p p )

EURATOMSTATUS EURATOM STATUS

GUINEVEREinoperation (nuclear dataexperiments) FEEDcontract for Myrrha to be assigned within December 2012. Activity startinJanuary 2013 ALFREDConsortium expected in2013.After that activities ondesignand licensing. Detailed design can be reasonably expected for 2017 designcanbe 2017. Availability oftheALFREDconsortium to international collaboration. ELECTRA(Sweden)expected financing approval before endoftheyear. NEWSTRATEGICRESEARCHAGENDAofSNE TPrefers NEW STRATEGIC RESEARCH AGENDA of SNETP refers to LEAD as the most LEADas themost promising shortterm technology alternativeto Sodium Comment:GFRis now considered longer term option Generally,LEADis gaining consensus,especially dueto safety aspects

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