Taibah University College of Computer Science & Engineering Computer Science Department
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Design and illustration A benefit of using images is end user will have a clear understanding of the information you are presenting. Illustration is a really useful tool for taking abstract concepts and turning them into concrete visuals.
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Time
1:00 am 2:00 pm 11:10 pm 1:00 am 1:19 am 1:23 am
Power Level
3200 MW 1600 MW 1600 MW 30 MW 200 MW 2,000,000 MW
When presenting numerical data, you choose between tables and graphs
Table 2. Blood glucose levels [Carlson, 1982].
Time (hour) midnight 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 noon 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 Normal (mg/dl*) 100.3 93.6 88.2 100.5 138.6 102.4 93.8 132.3 103.8 93.6 127.8 109.2 Diabetic (mg/dl) 175.8 165.7 159.4 72.1 271.0 224.6 161.8 242.7 219.4 152.6 227.1 221.3 300 250
Breakfast Lunch Dinner
Diabetic
Blood 200 Glucose Level 150 (mg/dl) 100
Normal
50 0 12:00
6:00 am
12:00 Hour
6:00 pm
12:00
* decaliters/milligram
Figure 11. Blood glucose levels for normal individual and diabetic [Carlson, 1982].
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Describing Tables A table presents data and information precisely in rows and columns. A table is labeled Table, assigned a number and a caption. Place the label and caption above the table, flush left, and capitalize as a title. Place the source of the table and any notes below the table
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1500
Temperature (K)
1000
500
Experiment Simulation
0 0 2 4 6 8 10
Figure 3. Computational and experimental temperatures for laminar diffusion flames [Sandia, 1987].
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Normal range
20 Cells% 7-10
10
112175
211366
Flight Duration (Days) Figure 4. Response of T-cells in cosmonauts after short-term and long-term flights [Konstantinova, 1991].
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Construction
Power Production
Figure 5. Schedule for the construction, evaluation, and production phases of the Solar One Power Plant.
Power reactor wastes (64%) Figure 5. Volume of low-level nuclear wastes from various sources [League, 1985].
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85 mrem
Natural Sources
Medical Sources
Fallout: < 3mrem Occupational: < 1mrem Nuclear power: < 1mrem
Figure 6. Estimated annual dose of radiation in the United States [GPU Nuclear, 1985].
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When presenting images, you choose between photographs, drawings, and diagrams
Combustor
2 3
Compressor
Turbine
13
60 seconds
59.5 seconds
59 seconds Figure 2. Space Shuttle Challenger, from about 59 seconds to 60 seconds into launch (January 28, 1986). On the right rocket, flame first becomes visible and then impinges on tank.
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Secondary Flow
Film-Cooling Holes
Figure 5. Wind tunnel experiment at Virginia Tech for evaluating film-cooling designs for the blades of gas turbine engines [Thole and others, 2000].
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The main advantage of a diagram is the ability to show flow of a variable through a system
Figure 8. Schematic of test stand for evaluating components of an air conditioner design.
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Scientists and engineers often use illustrations that are too complex for the text
The thermal storage system stores heat in a huge, steelwalled tank. Steam from the solar receiver passes through heat exchangers to heat the thermal oil, which is pumped into the tank. The tank then provides energy to run a steam generator to produce electricity. A schematic of this system is shown in Figure 5.
RECEIVER DSPH TSH FLASH TANK FT T S S G TSU
DEARATOR HP HTR
TURBINE
HOT WELL
The precision of the illustrations should reflect the precision of the text
The thermal storage system, shown in Figure 6, stores heat in a huge, steel-walled tank. Steam from the solar receiver heats a thermal oil, which is pumped into the tank. The tank then provides energy to run a steam generator to produce electricity.
650 F
575 F
solar receiver
435 F
Thermal Tank
425 F 425 F
steam generator
250 F
Figure 6. Schematic of thermal storage system for the solar power plant.
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For clarity, you should introduce and explain illustrations in the text
Figure 7. Title of figure. Some formats allow you extra sentences to explain unusual details.
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PRINTER
COMPUTER
ROCKET
ELECTROMECHANICAL INTERFACE
20
10
Computer
2 ElectroMechanical Interface
Rocket
Digitizer
Camera
Reference Read Finkelstein, Pocket Book of Technical Writing, Chapters 1 to 4. Citation for illustrations: Carlson, Gary, Implantable Insulin Delivery System, Sandia Technology, vol. 6, no. 2 (June 1982), pp. 12-21. Presidential Report on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (Washington, DC: US Governmental Printing Office, June 6, 1986), pp. 26-27.
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