Atomic Spectra
Overview:
Thompson (1898):
… …………………………………
……………………….………
…………………….
………………………………
………………………………
………………
By bombarded a thin gold plate (10-4 cm) with alpha particles (He24):
………….
………. charge.
………………………………………………...
……………………………………………
…………………..
• ……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
Conclusion:
………………… path, which means that the electron moves with ………
………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….
(…………………..… spectra).
occurring wavelength
Question:
model of atom.
• ………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
…………………………………………
three items:
……………………………………………….
…., and the electron (does/ does not) emit radiation as long as it remain
in its shell.
………..
of energy ………...
• The radius of the shell can be estimated by considering that the wave
wave.
Example:
…………..
………….. (…)
differ from atom to another, where the electron may move to any higher
• Electron remains at the exited level for ……….. time lifetime (nearly …
• When the electron return to the lower level it (gain / emit) photon of
Leyman’s series:
Balmer’s series:
Paschen’s series:
of t…………………range.
Bracket’s series:
Pfund’s series:
• The electron moves from any higher energy level to the level ……..
(n=…..).
Spectrometer:
…………………………………………………………………………………….
Structure:
………………………………….
on ……………………..
………………………………………………………………………
Mechanism:
………………………………
beam for each color, which are (parallel / not parallel) to the other colors.
Spectra:
Spectra can be classified according to its nature into continuous and line
spectrum.
Continuous spectrum:
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
Line spectrum:
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
Also, spectra can be classified according to its source into absorption and
emission spectrum.
Emission spectrum:
• ……………………………………………………………………………..
Absorption spectrum:
• …………………………………………………………………………….,
which are the (same / not same) wavelength emit by the emission
Fraunhofer lines:
X-ray:
Properties of X-ray:
• ……………………………………………..
• ……………………………………………..
• ……………………………………………..
• ……………………………………………..
Coolidge tube:
Spectrum of X-ray:
It consists of:
……………………..
Continuous radiation:
…………………………………………………………………………..
leads to …………………………………………………….....................
………….. radiation.
Characteristic radiation:
• Under high potential difference the electron impact with the (inner /
level.
• An electron form higher level replaces the releasing electron (or the
exited one) and the ……………… of its energy produces the …………..
radiation.
∆E=……….
..........
ΔE =
..........
…………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………….