SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH Its distinctiveness lies in its lexicon.

Lexical categories identifiable in scientific English language: Verbs of exposition: compare, describe, explain, etc. Verbs of warning: avoid, check, prevent, etc. Verbs of manipulation: adjust, mix, rotate, etc. Adjectival modifiers (and their related adverbs): careful(ly), final(ly), periodic(ally), etc. Grammatical features: The style is typical of academic scientific writing. Impersonal style with use of passive. Noun phrases with complex structures. Compactness of structure. No features of narrative LEGAL ENGLISH Concern for coherence and precision. Respect for ritual and tradition. Some functions: Its statements have to be phrased so that are generally applicable but also specific enough to apply to individual circumstances. They have to be expressed in such a way that people can be certain about the intention of the law respecting their rights and duties. It has a complex grammatical structure: Lengthy sentences. It's repetitive. It goes in for coordinated phrases and long lists of items. Grammatical and lexical features: Modal verbs Pronouns and generic nouns (person, vehicle, etc.)

PLAIN ENGLISH There is a growing concern about the complexity of the official language used by the government, business, etc. that is in contact with the public. For that reason, exist the plain English movements. POLITICAL ENGLISH It makes use of phraseology. It makes use of rhetorical and dramatic techniques. The notion of 'confrontation' is key because they have to measure the expressions they use in real time. Use of list of three. Politicians now that they are playing a language game. They use a language which is opaque, unspecific, or empty. NEWS MEDIA ENGLISH There is no such a thing as newspaper/radio/tv language. Newsreporting: Pressure of time and space. The audience conditions what is said, how, how much, where it appears, etc.

JOURNALINGUISTICS Who, when, where, what, how, why. The headline is critical. Telegraphic style. The fist lead paragraph summarises and begins telling the story. The original source of the story is given. The participants are categorised. Explicit time and place locators, facts and figures, direct or indirect quotations. BROADCASTING Only a small part of radio broadcasting is dedicated to news reports. News reports generally divided into sections (sport, business, weather, etc.) It is hard to separate the news item proper and its amplification. Media through press have their own varieties. References to what has been seen on television. Highly verbal. Specialised vocabulary. SPORTS COMMENTING Two types: play by play commentary and colour-adding commentary. Colour adding: provides an audience with pre-event background and post-event evaluation, and within-event interpretation. Conversational in style, often in dialogue. Play by play: It is unlike any other type of speech. Some of its features: Oral formulae: Its basis is the fast pace of speech, never stop. This reduces memory load and helps fluency. Several formulas could be: Start / Introduce a fresh cycle of activity / Scoring formulae. ADVERTISING ENGLISH Besides television commercials we also have: billboards catalogues flyers merchandise posters etc. Common features Size is important (Cost) Restricted range of vocabulary