Christina Parra 11-5-12 period 5 Ionic vs.

. Covalent Bonding Lab Investigation Introduction: Most atoms are never found by themselves; instead they are bonded to other atoms in ionic or covalent bonds. This is because they need to be stable and have an octete shell. Bonding is when two atoms share valence electron. Some of these atoms conduct electricity and have an electrostatic attraction.

Hypothesis:

Compounds to be tested Distilled(pure) Water Sodium Chloride Sucrose (sugar) Dextrose Sodium sulfate

Chemical Formula H2 O NaCl C12H22O11 C6H12O6 NaSO4

Hypothesis 1: Ionic or Covalent Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic

Hypothesis 2: High or Low melting point? Low High Low Low High

Hypothesis 3: Will it conduct electricity? yes when doubled yes no yes

Procedures: Part I. Melting Point and Strength of Bonds 1. Fold aluminum foil into a square so it neatly fits the ring stand. Place the 4 different compounds on square aluminum foil. 2. Carefully place the tray on the ring stand and heat with Bunsen burner. 3. Begin recording observations and keep track of order. 4. Allow square foil to cool then wash it off.

Part II. Electrical conductivity 1. Weigh approximately 0.1-gram sample of each compound in different wells of a well plate. 2. Test the dry compound for conductivity with tester. Record observations. 3. Add enough drops of distilled water to dissolve compound. 4. Test solution, record observations, and make sure to wash tester. 5. Repeat all steps for next compound.

Results:

Table 2: The results of testing the different chemical substances. Name/Chemical Part I: Melting Part II: Conducted Formula: Point (1-5; High, Electricity? (Yes/NO) Med. or Low?) Dry Dissolved 1.Distillesd (pure) 1 = Lowest: (already N/A No Water / H2O melted) 2. Sodium Chloride / High No Yes Na Cl 3.Sucrose (sugar) / Low No No C12H22O11 4. Dextrose / 1 Low No No C6H12O6 5. Sodium Sulfate Medium No Yes /NaSO4

Final Conclusion: Ionic or Covalent Bonds? Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic

Conclusion: After this laboratory, it was concluded that sodium chloride and sodium sulfate were ionic compounds, while distilled water, sucrose, and dextrose were covalent compounds. All of the initial hypothesis were correct except distilled water because it doesnt conduct electricity. From the results, the ionic compounds were those that 2

 conducted electricity in water and had high melting points (strong bonds). However, the covalent compounds didnt conduct electricity in water and they had a low melting point. Ionic bonds are formed from metal cations and non-metal anions so when they dissolve in water, electricity (moving charge) can flow through the solution. Additionally, ionic bonds are very strong since the compound conducts electricity because when theyre dissolved in water the bond between cations and anions break and they arent held together by electrostatic attraction. The covalent bond dont conduct electricity because you need a metal and a metal to conduct electricity and covalent bond is only non-metal elements.