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Quien? Quienes? Que? Cuando? Donde? Por que? Como?

Who? (3rd person, singular or plural verb) What? When? Where? Why? How? Present tense

You have to remove the ending of the word, such as Amar becomes Amo if you want to say I love Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Word Amar Andar Bailar Buscar Cantar Comprar Entrar Escuchar Esperar Estudiar Hablar Llegar Llevar Definition To love To walk To dance To look for To sing To buy To enter To listen To hope, to wait for To study To speak, talk To arrive To wear, carry Regular ar Ending o as a amos ais an Example Te amo I love you Yes/No

I sing - Canto

Abhi Agarwal Mirar Pagar Practicar Preparer Tocar Tomar Trabajar

www.abhiagarwal.com To watch To pay To practice To prepare To touch, play To take To work Regular er Ending o es e emos eis en Example Yo aprendo Yes/No

Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Word Aprender Beber Comer Cometer Comprender Correr Creer Deber Leer Meter Poseer Romper Temer Vender Definition To learn To drink To eat To make To understand To run To believe To owe To read To put To possess, own To break To fear, dread To sell

Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as

Regular ir Ending o es e imos is

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Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Word Abrir Admitir Asistir Cubrir Decider Describer Descubrir Discutir Escribir Existir Permitir Recibir Subir Sufrir Unir Vivir Definition To open To admit To attend To cover To decide To describe To discover To discuss To write To exist To permit To receive To climb, go up To suffer To unite To live

Ella sufre mucho

Future Tense

you add them to the ending of the word, like hablar, becomes hablare if you wana say I will talk Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Regular ar Ending e as a amos ais an Regular er Ending e as a emos

Abhi Agarwal

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Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

Regular ir Ending e as a imos eis an

Exceptions to the future tenses Word Decir Hacer Poner Poder Querer Saber Salir Tener Venir Definition To say To do To put To be able To want To know To go out To have To come Becomes Dire Hare Ponder Podre Querre Sabre Saldre Tender vendre Yes/No

Past Tense Drop the ar and add the following endings Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Regular ar Ending e aste o amos asteis aron

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www.abhiagarwal.com Regular er/ir Ending i iste io imos isteis ieron

Person Yo Tu El/Ella/Usted Nosotros/as Vosotros/as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

Present Continuous For ar verbs: take off the ar and add -ando Phrase Estoy Hablando Meaning I am talking

For -er/-ir verbs: take off the er/-ir and add iendo Phrase Estoy comiendo/viviendo Meaning I am talking/living

Word - Tengo Tuve Tuviste Tuvo Tuvimos Tuvisteis Tuvieron

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Reflexive verbs If theres a word such as Despertarse, you cant change it right now because it has a se at the end, so you have to remove the arse and put the word such as (Me, Te, se, nos os, se) and then add the ending to it, so it becomes Me desperto Person me te se nos os se Person me te se nos os se Regular -ar Ending o as a amos ais an Regular -er Ending o es e imos is en General grammar If noun ends with consonant, add es: actor, actors If non ends with a vowel, add s: chico, chicos If noun is borrowed from English, add s or es: club, clubs/clubes If a noun ends in z, the ending changes to ces: pez, peces

The word for the can be used for many things, With languages (except hablar and estudiar) With school subjects (except tener) Used with peoples titles when talking about them

Abhi Agarwal

www.abhiagarwal.com Used with das of the week to mean on day/days

Lo bueno (the good thing), lo major (the best thing) , lo malo (the bad thing) , lo peor (the worst thing)

A few adjectives are shortened when they are before a masculine singular noun Word Bueno Malo Primero Tercero Alguno Ninguno Shortened Buen Mal Primer Tercer Algun Ningun Example Hace buen tiempo Hace mal tiempo Es su primer libro Vive en el tercer piso Hay algun libro aqui? No, no hay ningun libro aqui

Grande gran; it is shortened before either a masculine or a feminine singular noun, Hay una gran variedad de platos

The position of the adjective affects its meaning, the common adjectives go before the noun, bueno, joven, Segundo, proximo, ultimo Pobre Grande nuevo Comparison To say that something or somebody is more or -er you put mas before the adjective. Than is translated by que: Laura es mas rica que Juan Laura is better off than Juan Before the noun Unfortunate Great New (different) After the noun Poor Big/tall New (brand new)

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To say that something or somebody is less you put menos before the adjective again followed by que Tomas es menos inteligente que Pablo Tomas is less intelligent than Pablo To say that something or somebody is as as you use tan + adjective + como La cathedral es tan Antigua como el Castillo The cathedral is as old as the castle To say something or somebody is the most or the est you put the definite article (el, la, los, las) before mas + the adjective (but dont repeat the article if it is already used with the noun immediately before the adjective): Nuestro colegio es el mas modern de la ciudad Our school is the most modern in the town

To put special emphasis on an adjective, you can add ismo/a/os/as to it. This is a strong way of saying very: El colegio es aburridismo School is so boring La chaqueta es carisima The jacket is incredibly expensive

Deomstrative adjectives (this and that, thse and those) are used with a noun and must agree with it Masc singularFem singular Este Esta Ese Esa Aquel Aquella Indefinite adjectives Cada each Cada dia traja mas Otro/a another Masc plural Estos Esos Aqeullos Fem plural Estas Esas Aquellas This/these That/those That/those

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Todo/a all Tiene todo tipo de fruta Mismo/a same

Lleva la misma chaqueta She is wearing the same jacket Algun/alguna some, any

Tienes algun amigo que te podria acompanar? Have you got a friend who could go with you?

Adverbs Adverbs are words that describe actions, you can form them by putting -mente to the feminine form of the adjective Probable probablemente probably Facil facilmente easily Lento lentamente slowly A list of adverbs: Word Mucho Poco Bien Mal Bastante Algunas veces Muchos veces A menudo Siempre Aqui Alli Ahora Ya Definition A lot A little Well Badly Enough Sometimes Often Frequently Always Here There Now already Example Yes/No

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Phrases and words to learn Word A Al De Del Por En Es Conmigo Consigo Ya Eres Es Son Nunca Nini Nadie Word Estan Este Este (with accent on E) Ese Ese (with a accent on E) Esto es A causa de Si Sino Si with accent on i Tales Aun Aunque Definition To To the Of, from, about Of the, from the Along, through, by In is With me With her/him/her Yet You are He/she/it is, or you formal are They/you are Never Neither this nor that No one Definition They are This This one That That one This is Because of If If not Yes Such as even Although Example Yes/No

Example

Yes/No

Abhi Agarwal Ademas Cada A veces Quiz fue Propiamente Hasta siempre Tal Tan Un tal Algo Contra Tras A partir de Junto a Junto con Acordarse de Mide Pesa Vamos a ver Deme Juntos

www.abhiagarwal.com Besides, moreover Each, every Sometimes Perhaps Actually Forever Such (a) Such (as) A certain (object) Something Against After From Joined Together with To remember It measures It weighs Lets see Give me Together

Los Meses del Ano Spanish Month Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre English Month January Febuary March April May June July August September October November December

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Mi familia Word Definition Mi padre My Dad Mi madre My mother Mi hermano My brother Mi Hermana My sister Mi hermanastro My stepbrother Mi hermanastra My stepsister Mi tio My uncle Mi tia My aunt Mi primo My cousin brother Mi prima My cousin sister Mi abuelo My grandfather Mi abuela My grandmother Mis padres My parents Mis hermanos My siblings Mis abuelos My grandparents El hijo Son El hija Daughter Los hijos The children El sobrino Nephew La sobrina Niece El nieto Grandson La nieta Granddaughter El cunado Brother-in-law El cunada Sister-in-law El suegro Father-in-law La suegro Mother-in-law El hijo politico Son-in-law El hija politica Daughter-in-law El esposo Husband La esposa Wife El vecino / la neighbour vecina Los Twins gemelos/gemelas Los parientes relations Example Yes/No

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Los deportes: Word Definition Futbol Football Baloncesto Basketball Tenis Tennis Natacion Swimming Voleibol Volleyball Hockey Hockey Rugby Rugby A la pelota vasca Spanish squash Example Yes/No

Common questions: Quien sabe? Who knows? Cmo? How? (Note: accent) Que? What? Dnde? Where? Adnde? Where to? De donde? Where from? Cuanto? How much? Cuantos aos? How old? Cuanto tiempo? How long?

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Cuantas? How many? Cuantas veces? How many times? Cuando? When? Cul? Which? Quin? Who? Por qu? Why? Que es? What is? Sabes? Do you know? A quin? Whom? Para quin? For whom? Con quin? With whom? De quin? Whose? Qu? Which? Cual? which? Para qu? What for? Useful phrases Al contrario on the contrary Ms amargo que bitterer than O sea que in other words Ten en cuenta bear in mind/ take account of De verdad que si yes, definitely Me voy a llevar Ill have

Abhi Agarwal Ahi va there you are De acuerdo fine, ok

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De muchisima categoria of a very high class Al mismo tiempo at the same time Que me conviene that suits me Vd. dir you tell me Le he dicho anteriormente I told you before Le combina todo goes with everything Pasa Vd. por caja go to the counter Dentro de ellos amongst these Puede oscilar can vary De dos en dos aos every two years Puesto que since Claro es que it is obvious that Casi almost Le echo de menos! I miss him! Qu asco! How gross! Viva! Hooray Qu desastre! What a mess! Me a asco it is disgusting El ao pasado last year El ao que viene next year

Abhi Agarwal Ya lo s I know De modo que so

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A m no me importa Im not bothered De acuerdo OK Escribime write to me Lo que hago what I do Otra vez again Vaya! what a! Todo eso all that Debido a due to Sin duda without a doubt Con tal que sea provided that Hace veinte aos 20 years ago Es decir it is to say De vez en cuando from time to time Al cabo de; al inicio de at the beginning of Todava con all the time Dentro de poco tiempo in a little time A corto plazo in the short term Secreto major guardado best kept secret Al acercarse approaching the Ya que se trata since he could see

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Sin embargo nevertheless Vale okay Qu se llevara what will be in fashion A su rollo her own way Que no sean that are not Una racin de a portion of La misma cancion the same story Con buen pie on good footing Creo que s I think so Creo que no I don't think so Pienso lo mismo I think so too Qu piensas o crees? What do you think? Qu te parece? What do you think of? Que opinas tu? What is your opinion? Que vamos a hacer? What shall we do? Que pasa? What is going on? Puede deletrealo? Can you spell it for me? Qu tiempo hace? What is the weather like? Lo bueno que The good thing is Lo malo que The bad thing is Estas en tu casa! Make yourself at home! Al otro lado de On the other side of

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No tenerlo not to have Ademas de On top of all this Que no pueden unable to Por primera vez for the first time En primer lugar in the first place A principios de at the beginning of En medio de in the middle of Sin duda without a doubt A precio fijo at a fixed price A gran distancia at a great distance Por lo menos at least A lo major probably Por lo tanto therefore Por lo visto apparently La mar de bien Very well Lo interesante qe What is interesting is that Desde lo alto de la colina from the top of a hill Es lo de siempre It is the same old story. Siento lo occurido I am sorry about what has happened. Miro lo rapido que corre! Look how fast he is running! Has visto lo cansada que esta? Have you seen how tired she is? Expressions

Abhi Agarwal Qu tonto! how silly!

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Qu sorpresa! what a surprise! Qu triste! how sad! Qu maravilla! how wonderful! Qu susto! how scary! Qu aburrido! how boring! Qu chulas! how cool! Salud! bless you

Vocabulary (back of the book) Word Soy Eres Es Somos Ser Sois Son Me llamo Te llamas Se llama Amigo Amiga Vivir Tener Buenos Dias Definition I am You are He/she is We are To be You (pl.) are They are My name is Your name is His/her name is Boy Girl To live To Have Good morning Example Yes/No

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Buenos tardes Good evening/afternoon Buenos Nachoes Good night Hasta luego Hasta la vista Un Caballo Un gato Un pez Un conejo Un perro Un payaro Un tortuga Un raton Australia Escocia Espana Estados Unidos Gales Inglaterra Irlanda Jamacia Mexico Nigeria Paquistan Grande Pequeno/a Alto Bajo De talla mediano Blanco/a Moreno Negro Rubio Pelinojo Bastante Gordo Goodbye/seeyou Goodbye/seeyou Horse Cat Fish Rabbit Dog Bird Turtle Rat Australia Scotland Spain United States Wales England Ireland Jamacia Mexico Nigeria Pakistan Big Small Tall Short Medium size White Dark Black Fair Red-headed Quite Fat

Abhi Agarwal Bonito/a Feo/a Delgado Hablo Aleman Catalan Espanol Frances Gales Ingles Italiano Amarillo/as Azul Blanco/as Negro/as Gris Marron Rojo Verde Azules El Pelo Castano Negro Pelirrojo Rubio Corto Largo Liso Andulado Rizado Los Ojos Azules Barba Llovo Bigote

www.abhiagarwal.com Good looking Ugly Thin Language, speak German Catalan Spanish French Welsh English Italian Yellow Blue White Black Grey Brown Red Green Blue Hair Brown hair Black hair Red hair Fair hair Short Long Straight Wavy Curly Eyes Blue Beard Took Moustache

El pelo castano

Los ojos azules Llevo barbra

Abhi Agarwal Gafas Lleva Fantasmas Veces Cada dia Biblioteca Salir Regalos Vintanas Por la manana Por la tarde Por la noche

www.abhiagarwal.com Glasses He/she wears Ghost At times Each day Library To go out Gifts The windows In the morning After morning / evening At night

Days of the week Word Lunes Martes Miercoles Jueves Viernes Sabado Domingo Definition Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Example Yes/No

Places in your house Word La cocina El salon El dormitorio La terraza Definition Kitchen Living room Bedroom Terrace Example Yes/No

Abhi Agarwal El garaje El jardin El comedor El (cuarto de) bano El despacho El aseo El pasilo La escalera El armario Las estanterias La mesa La silla La cama La lampara El ordenador La puerta La television El equipo de musica la paved La alfombra Las cortinas El norte El este El sor El oeste La costa El campo La ciudad Las aferas Arriba Se despierta Se levanta Una entrada Un balcon Un laradero

www.abhiagarwal.com Garage Garden Dining room Bathroom Office Toilet Hallway Stairs Cupboard Self Table Chair Bed Lamp Computer Door Tv Music system Wall Carpet Curtains North East South West Coast The countryside The city The outskirts Upstairs She wakes up She gets up A hall A balcony Utility room

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Delante Detras Encima Debajo Al lado A la derecha A la izquierda Entre Escritorio Butaca Privado Cansado Persianas Es pejo El tocador De lavabo Mesilla Reloj Tranquilo

Infront Behind On top Underneath Beside To the right off To the left off Between Desk Arm chair Private place Tired Blinds Mirror Dressing table Wash basin Side table Watch Calm

La ciencias de Computer sciorderadores ence Los empreariales Business La economia Economics La fisica Physics La quimica Chemistry La biologia Biology La teoria de TOK conormiento El dibujo Art Odiar Odio Fuiste I went To stay alojarse I stayed me aloje To hate I hate

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E is always followed by a So Donde fuiste a comer?

Voy Vas Va Vamos Vais Van