z r
v
z
v
r
rv
r r t
Eliminate time,
v and
z
v terms to obtain:
( ) 0
1
r
rv
r r
Integrate to obtain:
r
rv constant
(b) Simplify the components of the equation of motion to obtain the following
expressions for the modified pressure distribution:
0 , 0 ,
dz
dP
d
dP
dr
dv
v
dr
dP
r
r
Solution
BSL page 848 equation B.6-4.
( )
r
r r
r
r
z
r r
r
r
g
v
r z
v v
r
rv
r r r r
P
r
v
z
v
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v
+
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 1 1
Assume steady flow with 0
z
v v
(c) Integrate the expression for dP/dr above to get [ ]
1
1
]
1
,
_
2
2
1 ) (
2
1
) ( ) (
r
R
R v R P r P
r
Solution
r
P
r
v
v
r
r
Integrate between R and r:
( )
1
]
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
]
1
2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2 2
1
2
1
2 2 2 2 R
r r v
v
v
r v v v v
P P
r
R
r
r
r
r
R
r
r
r
r
R
R
R
Note: from (a)
r
rv constant, so
2 2 2
C v r
r
and
2
2
2
2
R
r
v
v
R
R
r
r
Direction
of flow r
R
mR
Radial Flow Between Concentric Spheres
Consider an isothermal, incompressible fluid flowing radially between two concentric
porous spherical shells. Assume steady laminar flow with v
r
= v
r
(r). Note that the velocity
is not assumed zero at the solid surfaces. See the figure below.
(a) Show by use of the equation of continuity that r
2
v
r
= C, where C is a constant.
Solution
Begin with the equation of Continuity in Spherical Coordinates:
( ) ( ) ( )
v
r
v
r
v r
r r t
r
sin
1
sin
sin
1 1
2
2
=0
Assume radial flow, so that
v v 0 .
( ) 0
1
2
2
r
v r
r r
So that after integration:
r
v r
2
Constant
(b) Show by the use of the equations of motion that the pressure distribution in this
system is described by the equations:
g
p
r
sin
1
g
p
r
1
( )
r
r
r r
g
r
v
v v r
r r r
p
2
2
2
2
Solution
Begin with the equation of motion in spherical coordinates (BSL equation B.6-7 page
848).
r-component
( )
r
r
r
r
r r r
r
r
g
v
r
v
r
v r
r r
r
p
r
v v
v
r
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v
+
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
,
_
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
sin
1
sin
sin
1 1
sin
Assuming steady state and that
v v 0 , then the above equation reduces to:
( )
r r
r
r
g v r
r r r
p
r
v
v +
1
]
1
,
_
2
2
2
2
1
Rearrange:
( )
r
r
r r
g
r
v
v v r
r r r
p
2
2
2
2
-component
g
v
r
v
r
v
r
v
r
r
v
r
r r
p
r r
v
r
v v v
r
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v
r
r
r
+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
,
_
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
sin
cos 2
2
sin
1
sin (
sin
1 1
1
1
cot
sin
Since
v v 0 ,
g
p
r
+
1
0
Rearranging,
g
p
r
1
-component
g
v
r
v
r
v
r
v
r
r
v
r
r r
p
r r
v v
r
v v v
r
v v
r
v
r
v
v
t
v
r
r
r
+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
,
_
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
sin
cos 2
sin
2
sin
1
sin (
sin
1 1
1
sin
1
cot
sin
Since
v v 0 ,
g
p
r
+
sin
1
0
Rearranging,
g
p
rs
1
(c) Show that the radial pressure distribution may be expressed in terms of the quantity
P as:
1
1
]
1
,
_
4
2
1
2
1
r
R
v P P
R r
r R
Solution
Begin with equations from results of part (b),
( )
r
r
r r
g
r
v
v v r
r r r
p
2
2
2
2
(1)
using,
sin r g
p
(2)
r g
p
(3)
gr p gr p P + + cos
cos g
r
p
r
P
+
sin gr
p P
Substitute (3)
0 sin
gr r g
P
so ) ( P P
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
r
v
r
v
v v r
r r r
P
r r
r r
Since
r
v r
2
Constant, then
( )
0
2
r
v r
r
( ) ( )
5
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
r
C
r
v
v v
r
v
r r
P
r
r r r
,
_
4 4
2
1 1
4
2
R r
C
P P
r
Substitute C=R
2
v
r
and C
2
=R
4
v
r
2
( ) ( )
,
_
,
_
,
_
4
4
2 4
4 4
2 4
1
1
2
1 1 1
2
1
r
R
R
v R
R r
v R P P
r r r
And thus,
1
1
]
1
,
_
4
2
1
2
1
r
R
v P P
R r
r R
(d) Please write expressions for
rr
,
,
r
,
r
, and
1
]
1
r
v
r
v
v
r
v
r r r
rr
3
2
2
3
2
2
Next, utilize the result of (a) to obtain:
( )
1
]
1
r
v r
r r
v
r r
rr
2
2
3
2
2
Since
r
v r
2
Constant,
1
]
1
r
v
r
rr
2 2
r
v
r
rr
4
( )
1
]
1
,
_
1
]
1
,
_
r
v
r
v v
r
v
r
v v
r
r r r
3
2 1
2
3
2 1
2
Using the same strategy as above,
( ) ( )
1
]
1
1
]
1
,
_
r
v r
r r
v v
r r
v r
r r
v v
r
r r r r
2
2
2
2
3
2 2 2
3
2 1
2
r
v
r
2
( )
( )
1
]
1
1
]
1
,
_
+ +
r
v r
r r
v
v
r
v
r
v
v
r
r r r
2
2
3
2 2
3
2 cot
sin
1
2
r
v
r
2
Since we have symmetric flow,
0
r r