List of Tables Table. No. Subject Page no. 1.

Horticultural commodities from Jharkhand for national and international markets. 4 2. Area suitability of different horticultural crops. 3. Projection of area expansion by 2011-12. 6 4. Annual Action Plan (2006-07) 45 5

ii.Abbreviations ABC : Agri Business Center DDM : District Development Manager DPR : Detailed Project Report GDP : Gross Domestic Product GoJ : Government of Jharkhand ha : Hectare HRD : Human Resource Development INM : Integrated Nutrient Management IPM : Integrated Pest Management JSAMB : Jharkhand State Agriculture Marketing Board m : Million mt : metric tones NABARD : National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development NHM : National Horticulture Mission pc : Percent PHC : Plant Health Clinic PHM : Post Harvest Management PRC : Plant Resource Center SM : State Mission SSHG : Sustainable Self Help Group TMP : Technology Management Practices TSG : Technical Support Group.

iv.elasticity in the cropping patt ern makes the farmers all the more vulnerabl e against any deviation in rainfall - whether quantitative or qualitative. The agriculture sector, however, is the mainstay of the state economy. The gro wth in this sector has bearing on the growth of the other sectors and subsequently the GDP growth rate of the state. It is a big challenge to find ways to make farming a viable enterprise in an agricultural system that is primarily based on small and marginal farmers with minimal

resources. The subsistence farming which focuses on the cultivation of cereals i s no longer viable for marginal and small farm families. Net returns from cereal base d farming on the small and marginal land holding have been abysmally low. Meeting both, th e farm expenditure and consumption expenditure of farm families with these meager amoun ts is just not possible. However, through shifts in cropping patte rn, from cereal based to that based on horticultural crops, there is increasing eviden ce of enhanced income from margi nal and small farm lands. With horticultural based farming, it is possible to make smal l and marginal land holdings viable as well as to enhance the living standards of the farming families. Moreover, the horticultural crops have tremendous potential of making optimum use of barren and waste lands which otherwise are put to either no or minimal us e. Horticultural crops play an important role in diversification of land use for its better utilization, improvement in productiv ity, increase in empl oyment opport unities, better economic returns and nutritional security. Horticulture, today, is not merely a means of diversification but forms an int egral part of food and nutritional security as also the essential ingredient of econo mic security. Adoption of horticulture both by small and marginal farmers has brought prosper ity in many regions of the country. The state of Jharkhand is endowed with a climatic condition that is conducive for successful cultivation of a diversity of horticultural crops. Its uplands need t o be changed from cereal based cropping system to the ho rticultural based cropping system. T he wide product base, high volume of round the year production, strategic geographical location, abundant sunlight and high domestic demand au tomatically project horticulture as the thrust area of development. The horticultu ral produce including off-season vege tables from the state are being preferred in the neighboring states for their quality a nd time of 2.Table-1: Horticultural commodities from Jharkhand for national and international markets. S. no. Commodities National market International Market 1. Fruits Litchi, Aonla, Mango, Strawberry, Custard apple, Jackfruit, Guava, Tamarind. Litchi, Aonla, Tamarind.

2. Vegetables Pea, French bean, Tomato, Cauliflower, Cucumber, Okra, Pointed gourd, Beans, Chili, Early potato, Coriander leafs. Pea, French bean, Tomato, Okra. 3. Ornamental crops Roses, Gladiolus, Gerbera, Orchids, China aster, Marigold, dahlia. Roses, Gladiolus, Gerbera, Orchids. 4. Low volume high value crops Button mushroom, Oyster mushroom, Ginger, Turmeric. Button mushroom, Ginger, Turmeric. 5. Medicinal and aromatic plants Aloe vera, Andrographis paniculate, Asparagus racemosus, Bacopa monnieri, Boerhaavia diffusa, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Piper longum, Rauwolfia serpentine, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera. Aloe vera, Andrographis paniculate, Piper longum, Bacopa monnieri.

4.2. Objectives of the Mission: The prime goal of the National Horticulture Mission is to double the horticult ure production to the level of 300 m tones by 2011-12 from the present level of 150 m tones, at the national level. In the state of Jharkhand the quantum of horticulture production is 37.77 lak h mt from a coverage of about 2.56 lakh ha ar ea. This, however, comes primarily from vegetables. The production of vegetable sta nds at 35.00 lakh tonnes from 2.24 l

akhs ha. The encouraging feature of vegetable production, however, has been the high productivity levels which are either at par with national level or even better i n few crops. Area coverage and production level from other horticultural crops, barring the f ruit crops, is very insignificant in the state. Considering the potential of the growth of horticulture sector in Jharkhand an d its suitability for the cultivation of a range of horticultural crops, the prime obj ective should be the area expansion under th ese crops. High productivity c oupled with consid erable expansion in coverage area will automatically bring a considerable increase in t he production level. The prime objective of the National Hor ticulture Mission in the state is to quadruplicate the coverage of horticultural crops to the level of 10 lakhs ha t he 25pc of cultivable area by 2011-12 from the present cove rage of 2.56 lakh ha - the 6 p c of the cultivable area. The area expansion plan under the diffe rent horticultural crops by 2011-12 i s projected and described in table-3. Table -3: Horticulture crops: Projection of area expansion by 2011-12 (lakh ha) S. no Crops Present area. Area Projection. 1. Vegetables 2.24 6.50 2. Fruits 0.32 2.00 3. Flowers - 0.75 4. Medicinal and Aromatic Crops - 0.40 5. Plantation Crops - 0.25 6. Spices - 0.10 Total Area 2.56 10.00 6.3. The Institutional structure: The National Horticulture Mission in the stat e of Jharkhand is being carried ou t, at the state level, by Jharkhand St ate Horticulture Mission , a society registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. The Executive Committee of the State Mission will be the apex decision-making and the project implementation body with the following structures : 1. Chief Minister, Jharkhand : Chairman 2. Minister, Agriculture & Cane Development, Jharkhand. : Dy. Chairman 3. Chief Secretary, Govt. of Jharkhand : Member 4. Development Commissioner, Govt. of Jharkhand : Member 5. Principal Secretary/ Secretary, Finance. : Member 6. Principal Secretary, Agriculture & Cane Dev. , Jharkhand, Ranchi

: Member 7. State Mission Director : Member Secretary 8. Additional Agricultural Commissioner / Special Secretary/ Additional Secretary/ Joint Secretary : Member 9. Directory, Horticulture : Member 10. Vice-Chancellor, BAU : Member 11. Head (HARP), Plandu : Member 12. General Manager, NABARD : Member 13. General Manager, SLBC : Member 14. General Manager, SBI, : Members 15. General Manager, Bank of India : Member Broadly, the functions of the Society will be as follows(i) Prepare Perspective and State Level Action Plan in consonance with Mission s goals and objectives. (ii) Organize conduct of base-line studies in different parts (District, sub-Di strict or a group of districts) to determine the status of horticultural production, 8.4.1 Production of planting material and vegetable seeds: The magnitude of area expansion as pr ojected by the end of 2011-12 would need enormous quantity of planting material. Ava ilability of this much quantity of p lanting material with high quality being the essen tial password, is the biggest bottlen eck in meeting the ambitious targets of the area ex pansion under horticultural crops. It is not always a happy situation to import the planting material from outside the state and deliver to farmers fields in the far flung and remote areas of the state. This requires that a sound system of pr oduction of planting material must be put in place. This will include the rejuvenation of the existing infrastructure and creation of new infrastructure for this purpose. The action plan proposes the creation of a net work of 88 nurseries both in pu blic and private sector during 2006-07. As far as public sector is concerned six 4.0 ha model nursery will be established at Krishi Vigyan Kendras, Ranchi, Zonal Research Sta tions of Birsa Agriculture University, Kanke and Goria Karma Government Horticulture Farm s at Burmu, Ranchi, (Raj Nagar Agril Farm) Saraikela. . 10 model nurseries of 4.0ha each and 56 model nurseries of 1.0ha each will be established under the private sector. These nurseries spread all over the g material of the crops specific to the For the development of the nurseries farmers/entrepreneurs will be trained veloped as cottage industry. The nurseries will source of st ate will be made to produce the plantin region in which they will be located. in the private sector, the selected for nurse ry raising so that it can be de be a source of income for the farmers and

planting material for the area expansion program. Vegetable production is one area in which the state of Jharkhand has excelled. However, the high potential pros pect of vegetable seed production is still unex ploited in the state. At present level of vegetable cultivation the state needs about 400450 tones vegetable seeds. The State Government ha s launched a scheme of vegetable seed production that includes organizing the farm ers into Sustainable Self Help Group s (SSHGs) , supporting them financially and tech nically and facilitating the market ing of the seed produced by them through their own organization. Under the present action plan it is proposed to take up vegetable seed producti on on 300 ha in the public sector, 200 ha by SAU & 100 ha by State Govt in its agri farms. 10.4.2 Establishment of seed infrastructure: Implementation of the schemes fo r enhancing the vegetable seed production in the state is expected to bring a sea-change in the vegetable seed production scenario in the state. The enhanced producti on level will require the proper fa cilities for vegetable seed processing, packaging and it s storage under the prescribed envir onmental conditions. The establishment of the state-of-the ar t facilities for processing, packaging and storage is very essential for this purpose. The instant action plan proposes the establis hment of 3 such integrated facilit ies, in the public sector in the state. Each state-of-the art integrated faci lity (processing, pa ckaging and storage integrated at one place) to be established at an estimated cost of Rs. 60.00 la khs will provide these services. Establishment of such type of seed infras tructure in the state will help in val ue addition of the seed, reducing the market risk for the farmers and motivating t he farmers to opt for vegetable seed production which c onsequently will, considerably, enh ance the quantum of vegetable seed production in the state.

12.cropping. th the farmers. The rns, the returns from is stage provision of period and moisture e

The crop choice will be purely base d on the resources available wi second stage when main as well as filler plants star t giving retu the ground storey crop is reduced to 50% of th e total area. At th in situ water harvesting through full moon terracing during monsoon conservation through mulching during the month of October helps th

plants to produce quality fruits. In the thir d stage of the multi storied syste m only two crops (main and shade loving intercrops) are advocated. At this stage the main p lant gives its best yield potential and the filler plants are removed. The experiments conducted at Horticulture and Agro forestry Research Program, Ranchi, have clearly indicated that mango cultivar Langra, litchi cultivar Shahi and aonla cultivar Kanchan can be planted as main crop at a spacing of 10m apart. Among f iller plants short stature fruit species like guava, custard apple and lime have been found to be the most effective. Various inter crop comb inations including leguminous vegeta bles crops suitable for the region(Cowpea,French bean ), suitable grass species(Styl osanthes hamata, dinanath grass), local staple food species(upland paddy, finger millet) and hardy oil seed crop(niger) in different combinations can be grown in the available int er space in each model. The main plants start bearing afte r attaining an age of 3-5 years w hereas the filler plants give yield after second years. The system has also been found eff ective in improving the physio-chemical properties of the soil. The instant action plan for the year 2006-07 proposes the additional expansio n of area under fruit crops to the extent of 10160 ha that will require the total fin ancial support of Rs. 2143.50 lakhs. The coverage of 10160 ha. area under the fruit crops will require huge quantit y of planting material. In these circumstances, the State Missi on, to overcome the paucity of plantin g material at present, has chalked out a two pronged strategy(a) Expression of interest in the national dailies was invited from the repute d nurseries, agencies, companies, government al and non-government organizations. 12 nurseries have been registered on the basis of their capa city to produce and p rovide planting material and the quality stocks avai lable with them besides SAU, HARP, Govt. Nurseries . The mission will facilitate the availability of the planting materi al from these 14.4.4 Commercial Floriculture: The climate of Jharkhand is very conduciv e for floriculture. A number of spec ies of flowers including those of cut flowers, bulbulous flowers and loose flowers can be cultivated successfully in the state. Lack of awareness about the floriculture and the benefits that it brings to t he farmers are the prime reasons why there is st ill meager area under fl ower cult ivation in Jharkhand. The lack of technological information, non-availability of the qualit y planting

material and apprehension about the market ar e some other factors th at have no t helped the growth of commercial floriculture in Jharkhand. Still, there have been succe ss stories in the state that shows the tremendous potential of floriculture in this state. To realize the full potential of comme rcial floriculture in the state, the Government of Jharkhand has planned to esta blish Plant Resource Centers in five districts viz. Ranchi, Saraikela, Hazaribag, Deoghar and Jamtara, which inciden tally are potential areas for floriculture. The PRCs will impart the technical training fo r commercial floriculture and make available hi gh quality planting material to th e farmers and other entrepreneurs. The PRCs will act as the focal points to disseminate th e information and to provide the critical inputs like planting material to the far mers. At present the larger part of the market requirements of flowers in the state is being fed by supplies from Kolkata, Banglore, and Delhi. Thus commercial floric ulture has readily available market in the state. Under the National Horticulture Mission the farmers and entrepreneurs will be assisted to take floriculture as a commercia l enterprise. They will get technic al support from the upcoming PRCs. This is why commerci al floriculture will initially be g iven focus in the five PRC districts mentioned above as well as East Singhbhum, Dhanb ad and Bokaro districts considering the urban market available there. The flower species identif ied to be given focused em phasis and assistance un der the National Horticulture Mission are carnatio n, rose, gerbera, gl adioli, tube rose, and marigold. Plant Resource Centers (PRCs), being established as joint venture organization in 5 districts will provide the backward and forward linkages to the farmers and entrepreneurs who will engage in commercial floriculture . For high value crops like carnation, gerbera and roses which will be grown under sheltered conditions, th e 22.4.6 Spices: Chilli has been identified as the focal spice crop for boosting the commercial production in 8 districts The farmers are alr eady producing this crop in these districts. National Horticulture Mission will provide further impetus for its commercial pr oduction by bringing in 1245 ha area under its cultivati on. The mission will provide the backward linkages with an objective of bringing variet als changes and forward linkages t o provide the avenues for proper marketing of the produce. The instant proposal seeks the financial support to the tune of Rs. 140.06 lak hs. 32.Districts Area to be covered

HAZARIBAGH 150 ha RANCHI 175 ha LOHARDAGGA 270 ha DEOGHAR 625 ha Total 625 ha4.7 Protected Cultivation: As discussed earlier the vegetable production is one area in which Jharkhand ha s excelled. There are many pockets in the state where farmers have developed real expertise in the field of high quality vegetable production. These progressive farmers now intend to go hi-tech for vegetable production in their quest to enhance the production and quality of the vegetable produce at one end and to go for intensive use of land resource available with them at the other. The experience of sheltered cultivation of rose, carnation and gerbera has be en good in Jharkhand. The quality of these flowers produced in the state is excel lent. To provide a boost for protected cu ltivation of flowers and vegetables the assista nce for the same is proposed to be provided during th e second year of the National Horticul ture Mission. The cultivation of fruit crops is proposed to be taken up on 10160 ha area. Ou t of this 1452 unit has been proposed for mulching that needs financial support. The current action plan 2006-07 seeks a total financial support of Rs. 271.92 5 lakhs under the component of protected cultivation. This effort will be a real boost for e xhibiting the potential of the protecte d cultivation and will go a long way to take the concept of hi-tech sheltered cul tivation to the farmers and entrepreneurs of the state. 364.9 Organic Farming Organic Farming in horticulture is very important for sustainable development of agriculture. Its envir onmental and economic benefits have captured attention in many countries. Or ganically food products are very much in demand by the consumers. Orga nic farming encourages the natural inputs and prohibits the synthetic in agriculture production. Therefore, the State Horticultu re Mission has made a compressive plan for organic farming in horticulture activity. An outlay of Rs. 222.700 lakhs is proposed under NHM assistance. 38.4.10 Post-harvest management: In the horticulture sector the post-harves t management is as important as the production itself. There should be sufficient infrastructure to handle the fre sh produce after it is harvested and until it is marketed. The focused efforts through National Hort iculture Mission are expected to boo

st the production of flowers, vegetables an d medicinal and aromatic plant produce immediately since most of them are seasonal or annual crops and the gestation period is just non-existent. For this purpose the current plan proposes to facilitate the av ailability of the following infrastructure to the farmers or entrepreneurs :1. Packing units : 10 units. 2. Cold storage : 2 units. 3. Refrigerated vans : 1 units. 4. Mobile processing units : 2 units. 5. WholeSale Terminal Market (Ranchi, Dumka, Jamshedpur) 3 units 6. Rural Market/ Apni Mandi/ Direct Market 10 units 7. Functional Infrastructure for collection, grading etc. 10 units. The packing units, cold storage and refrig erated vans in the initial stages w ill provide the supporting infrastructure for farm ers and/or entrepreneurs engaged in the commercial floriculture. The mobile processing units will cater to the needs of vegetable producers. The proposals seek the financial support of Rs. 1289.57 lakhs. 40.5. Training of gardeners for 50 numbers for 6 months @ Rs. 13.525 50 54.100 6. Officials exposure visit in the country and aborad, Actual Cost To be decided as per programme 60.00 7. Training of Entrepreneur 50 9.020 8. Spl. Training on INM/ IPM @ 1.5 lakhs per group 4 6.00 9. Training Abroad 10 30.00 10. A. State Level show 2 6.00 B. District level show 20 10.00 C. Publicity -- 10.00 D. Other training and facilities for horticulture institute - 30.00 241.360 Development of horticulture Sector needs the professional approach on th e part of the farmers, the entrepreneurs and the government officials. The farmers and entrepreneurs who have to actually execute the plan will have to be trained and their Total

skills need to be toned practically. It needs a state-of-the art infrastructure for imparting professional trainin g to the farmers, entrepreneurs, professionals, government officials and whoever else who wants to be trained in different aspects of horticulture. Thus, instant action plan proposes a sum of Rs. 241.360 lakhs for the year 20 0607 under the head Human Resource Development in Horticulture. 42.5. Resource mobilization : The action plan, under the National Horticulture Mission for the year 200607 proposed to seek the financial assistance of Rs. 8738.029 lakh (Page 45) or s ay Rs.8738 lakhs. The State Mission will get Rs. 10 lakhs from the State Govt. The proposed resource mobilization plan is as follows :Sl. No. Source Amount (Lakh Rs.) 1. Central assistance 8738.00 2. State Govt. assistance 10.00 Total 8748.00 44.National Horticulture Mission, Jharkhand

ANNUAL ACTION PLAN (2006-07)

(Rs in lakh) S. no Programme Unit cost Rate of assistance Unit/h a. Financial assistance A. PLANTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT

1 Production of planting material

a) Public sector

i. Model nursery (4 ha) lakh per nursery 6 108.000

Rs.18.00lakh/unit Maximum of Rs. 18.00

ii, Small Nursery (1ha.) Rs. 3.00 lakh/unit Maximum of Rs. 3.00 lakh per nursery 15 45.000

iii. Rehabilitation of existing tissue culture per unit Rs.8.00 lakh/unit Maximum of Rs.8.00 lakh/unit 1 8.000

vi. Rehabilitation of TC labs and related units in SAUs Rs.8.00 lakh/unit Maximum of Rs.8.00 lakh/unit

b) Private sector

i. Model nursery (4 ha) Rs.18.00 lakh/unit 50% of cost limited to Rs. 9.0 lakh/ nursery 10 90.000

ii. Nursery (1 ha.) Rs.3.00 lakh/ unit 50% of cost limited to Rs. 1.50 lakh/ nursery 56 84.000

iii. Rehabilitation of existing tissue culture units Rs. 8.00 lakh/unit 50% of cost limited to Rs.4.00 lakhs

88 335.000 iv. Vegetable seed production

a. Public Sector ( ICAR, SAUS & State Depts..) Rs.50,000 per ha. 100% of the t otal cost 300 150.00

b. Private Sector Rs.50,000 per ha 50% of the total cost subject to maximum of Rs.25,000/-/ha limited to 5 ha as credit linked back ended subsidy

300 150.000 i(C) Loose flowers Rs.24,000/ha

a. Small & Marginal Farmers @Rs.12,000/ha limited to 2 ha per beneficiary 160 19.200

50% of the cost

b. Other farmers 33% of the cost @ Rs. 7,920/ha limited to 4 ha per beneficiary

iv. Spices, Aromatic Plants Rs. 15,000/ha (average) 75% of cost subject to a maximum of Rs11,250/ha limited to 4 ha per beneficiary 1420 159.750

v. Plantation crops including coastal horticulture Rs. 15,000/ha (average) 75% of the cost subject to Rs.11,250/ha limited to 4 ha per beneficiary in 3 installments of 50:20:30 subject to survival rate of 75% in second year and 90% in third year

11960 2404.450 3 Rejuvenation/ replacement of senile plantation Rs. 30,000/ha (average) 50% of the total cost subject to a maximum of Rs.15,000/ha limited to 2 ha per beneficiary

4 Creation of water resources sources

Community tanks or farm ponds on farm water reservoirs(No) with use of plastics 100% assistance Rs. 10.00 lakh/unit up to Rs. 10 lakh /unit of 10 Ha. 170 1700.000

170 1700.000 5 Protected cultivation

1. Green House (Hitech)

a. Small & Marginal Farmers Hitech 50% of the cost subject to a maximum of Rs 325/sq.m. for hitech 52 169.000

Rs.650/sq. m. for

Rs 250/sq.m. for normal Rs 125/sq.m. for normal GH, limited to 1000 sq.m. per beneficiary

1 1.250 iiib) Private sector as credit linked back ended subsidy Upto Rs. 40 lakh/unit

v. Plant health clinics Rs. 20.0 lakh /unit

a) Public sector

Upto Rs. 20 lakh/unit 10 200.000

b) Private sector credit linked back ended

Upto Rs.10 lakh unit as

vi. Leaf/Tissue analysis labs Rs.20 lakhs /unit

a) Public sector

Upto Rs.20 lakh/unit 3 60.000

b) Private sector Upto Rs.10 lakh/unit as credt linked back ended subsidy

Sub-total 8. Organic Farming

819 368.000

1. Adoption of organic farming Rs.20,000/ha 50% of cost subject to a maximum of Rs.10,000/ha limited to 4 ha per beneficiary 300 30.000 2. Vermi compost units Rs.60,000/unit 50% of cost subject to a

maximum of Rs30,000/unit 509 152.700 3. Certification Project based 50 hechares 8 40.000 817 222.700 Rs.5 lakhs in cluster of

9 HRD including horticulture institute @1500/Trainees 1000 15.000

Project based 100% assistance

a) Farmers training (2000 no inside the state @Rs. 1500 per training and 2000 no. outside the state @ Rs. 2500/ training) @2500/Trainees 1000 25.000

b) Trainers training (@ Rs. 50,000/ per participants in ICAR institutes) 20 10.000

v3. C.A. Storage Rs.16.00 crore/unit -do4. Ref. Vans/containers Rs. 24.00 lakh/unit -do- 1 24.000 5. Market Intelligence 200.00 6. Mobile processing unit Rs. 24.00 lakh/unit -do- 2 48.000 B 7. Buy back intervention Project based Project based 8. Est. of of Marketing Infrastructure for horticultural produce in Govt./Private/ Cooperative sector Credit linked backended subsidy @ 25% of the capital cost of project in general areas and 33.33 % in case of hilly and tribal areas a) Wholesale/Terminal markets (land use study) ( 3 markets at Ranchi, Dumka and Jamshedpur) up to Rs. 100.00

Project based

Project based

crores do - 3 300.000 b) Rural Markets/Apni Mandis/Direct Markets Rs. 15.00 la kh do - 10 150.000 c) Functional Infrastructure for collection, grading etc. Rs. 15.00 lakh do - 10 150.000 d) Extension, quality awareness & M arket led extension activities for fresh processed products Project based 100 % asst. 10.000 38 1289.570 C Innovative projects including ongoing programme

a. Multilayer cropping System Rs.4.5 lakh/unit 87 391.500 b. Agri-business centre Rs.10.00 lakh/unit 32 320.000

119 711.500

vii