Layers of the Earth and Types of Rocks Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able

to: 1. Be familiar with the layers of the Earth and know each layers composition and function; 2. Know three types of rocks and their formation as well as examples of each type 3. Be more aware of their surroundings in terms of Earths compositions Activity (10 minutes) Let the student settle in their seats. Play a video about the layers of the Earth and formation of the different types of rocks. Ask the students to take note of the things they have learned in a piece of paper. Discussion (5 minutes) Ask the students what they had learned in the video presentation. Call on some students to read aloud their answers on a piece of paper and allow them to elaborate further their answers. Input (40 minutes) Layers of the Earth There are many layers that the earth is made up o but there are only three main layers. There are the core, the mantle, and the crust. The core is the innermost, about 1800 miles deep. It is dense with the presence of the elements iron and nickel. The core has two parts, the inner core and the outer core. Together, they create the earths magnetism. The inner core is solid because of high pressure. It consists mostly of iron, nickel and some other lighter elements. The temperature is about 9032-10832 degrees Fahrenheit. It has the highest temperature among the layers. Unlike the inner core, the outer core is liquid. It consists mostly of iron, some nickel, and about 10% sulfur and oxygen. The temperature is about 7200-9032 degree Fahrenheit. The mantle is found above the core and it is also the thickest layer of the earth. It is about 6 miles below the oceanic crust and about 19 miles below the continental crust. It s composed of two parts, the inner mantle and the outer mantle. The inner mantle is composed of solid rocks because of high pressures. It is mainly composed of sulfides and oxides f silicon and magnesium. The average temperature is 5400 degrees Fahrenheit.

The outer mantle, compared to inner mantle, is a lot thinner; it is about 7-190 miles below the earth. It consists of silicates of iron and magnesium. The outer mantle can also be divided into two layers: the upper layer, which is stiffer because of lower temperature present, and the lower layer, which is made of tough liquid rock. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and also the thinnest of all layers. It is made up of solid material, which is not the same everywhere. The crust has two parts, the continental crust and the oceanic crust. The continental crust is the land part of the earths surface. It is older than the oceanic crust. It is divided into the continents. It consists mostly of igneous rocks. The oceanic crust is found below the ocean, about 4-7 miles thick. It mostly consists of basalt and olivine. Basalt is formed out of very liquid lava that cools off quickly. There are three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. Igneous rocks were solidified directly from magma. Some examples are granite and basalt. Sedimentary rocks were formed when igneous rocks are eroded as sediments under the sea. Fossils are usually discovered in this layer. Metamorphic rocks are made up of igneous and sedimentary rocks of all ages which have been exposed to extreme pressure. Deepening (30 minutes) Ask the students what they already know about the subject. Also ask them if they could enumerate the sequence of the layers of the earth and if they could explain how different types of rocks were formed. Synthesis (10 minutes) Ask the students to bring out a sheet of paper and conduct a quiz. Below are the questions: 1. Most living things live on planet Earth: man, animals, trees and flowers. Why can earth support life? a. It has an atmosphere. b. It has soil when green plants grow. c. It has enough sunlight/ d. All of the above 2. Where can we find igneous rocks? a. At the bottom of the ocean b. On the moon c. Near volcanoes d. On the sun 3. Some divers saw the remains of dead aquatic plants, animals and other materials deposited on the ocean floor. Which rock will be formed out of the remains? a. Igneous

b. Sedimentary c. Metamorphic d. Intrusive 4. People and other living things live here,. They build their houses, buildings and even do most of their activities in this part of the earth. Which is it? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Core d. Gutenberg discontinuity 5. During summer, many people love to go to Baguio City. It has cool temperature compared to manila. Why is this so? a. It is surrounded by bodies of water b. It is located on top of the mountain c. It is rich in mineral deposits d. It is located in the North Answer key: 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B References: http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/struct.htm http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/rocktypes.html