RAFFLES INSTITUTION

RAFFLES PROGRAMME 2009 Secondary Three Mathematics Topic 6: Quadratic Functions

Founded 1823

Worksheet 5 Class: Sec 3 ( ) Date:

Name:

LEARNER OUTCOMES At the end of the lesson, students are able to apply sum and product of roots to (1) solve for roots of the quadratic equation, (2) form the required quadratic equation.

1.

SUM AND PRODUCT OF ROOTS OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

The general form of the quadratic equation is ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , where a 0. Dividing by a throughout so that the coefficient of x 2 is 1, we get,

x2 +

b c x + = 0 . (1) a a

If the roots of the quadratic equation are and , we can rewrite the equation as, ( x )( x ) = 0 .. (2)

Expanding, we get, Comparing equations (1) and (3),

( + ) = ______________

.. (3)

= ______________

Thus, Sum of roots: Product of roots:

+ = =
.

Similarly, given sum of roots and product of roots, we can also form the equation as follows: x

x+

=0

Example 1 Find a quadratic equation whose roots are

3 1 and . 4 2

Example 2 If and are the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2 + 5 x 6 = 0 , write down the value of the sum of roots and product of roots. Hence form the equation whose roots are 2 2 (a) +1, +1 (b) , .

Example 3 One root of the equation 2 x 2 x + c = 0 is twice the other. Find the value of c.

Example 4 The roots of the equation 3 x 2 + 5 x + 1 = 0 are and while the roots of the equation hx 2 4 x + k = 0 are + 3 and + 3 . Calculate the numerical values of h and k.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Given that and are the roots of the equation x 2 2 x 3 = 0 , find a quadratic
equation whose roots are 2 + 2 and 2 .

1 2. Using at least two different methods, find k, if the equation 3 x 2 + kx + = 0 has equal 3 roots.

3. (*)Which of the following parabolas is the graph of a quadratic equation y = ax 2 + bx + c with a, b and c strictly positive? (Hint: Sum of roots)

HOMEWORK
1. Form equations whose roots are 5 2 (a) , 2 3 (b) k, k 2 .

[ 6 x 2 11x 10 = 0 ] [ x 2 k (1 + k ) x + k 3 = 0 ]

2.

If one root of the equation 5 x 2 6 x + q = 0 is 3 times the other, find the value of q. 7 [1 ] 20 If the roots of the equation x 2 + px + 7 = 0 are denoted by and , 2 + 2 = 22 , find the possible values of p. [ 6 ]

3.

4.

If and are the roots of the equation x 2 + 2 x + p = 0 and if the roots of the equation 4 x 2 3x + q = 0 , find p and q.

and

8 1 [ ; 12 ] 11 2

are

5.

If and are the roots of the equation 3 x 2 2 x + 4 = 0 , find the equations whose roots are (a) (b) 2 , 2 3 ,3 (c) (e)

2, 2

1 1 ,

*(d) (f)

3, 3
2 + , + 2 .

[ 3x 2 4 x + 16 = 0; x 2 2 x + 12 = 0;9 x 2 + 20 x + 16 = 0 ] [ 27 x 2 + 64 x + 64 = 0; 4 x 2 2 x + 3 = 0;9 x 2 18 x + 20 = 0 ]
3