edexcel #: elo Va Ann Fullick LET) MM CaelCrone How fast? Rates of chemical change Techniques to measure rate of reaction 10 Rate equations, rate constants and the order of a reaction “4 Determining the order of a reaction and the rate equation from experimental data 16 Graphical representation of kinetic measurements 20 ‘Activation energy and types of catalysts 24 Investigating the activation energy of a reaction 28 Relating a mechanism to the rate- determining step 30 The mechanism of the reaction of iodine with propanone 32 Grae How far? Entropy What is entropy? 34. The natural direction of change 38 ‘Changes in entropy during chemical reactions 40 Calculating entropy changes a2 The feasibility of a reaction, thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness “4 Predicting solubility from the enthalpy and entropy of solution 48 Cae Equilibria The idea of an equilibrium constant Calculations involving K, and K, More calculations involving K, and K, Determination of an equilibrium constant Relating entropy to equilibrium constants 62 seas Chapter 1.4 Application of rates and equilibrium How temperature, pressure and catalysis affect an equilibrium constant 64 Choosing conditions for industrial processes 68 Controlling reactions for safety, yield cost and atom economy 70 ‘Acid/base equilibria Ser Spectroscopy and chromatography How does radiation affect molecules? 130 High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 133 A review of mass spectroscopy 137 Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography 140Ca Redox chemistry Linking oxidation number and reaction stoichiometry 146 Redox titrations with potassium ‘manganate(VIl) 148 Redox titrations with sodium thiosulfate 150 Measuring standard electrode potentials 153 Predicting the thermodynamic feasibility and the extent of reactions 159 Hydrogen and alcohol fuel cells 163 How breathalysers work 166 Cee ‘Transition metals and their chemistry ‘An introduction to transition metals 168 Characteristics of transition metals m Using standard electrode potentials to predict the feasibility of forming different oxidation numbers ofa transition metal 175 The chemistry of copper 78 ‘The chemistry of chromium 180 Explaining the chemistry of copper and chromium 182 Preparing a sample of a complex ion Reactions of transition metal ions with ‘aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia 186 Transition metals as catalysts 189 Modern uses of transition metals 191 Cay» Organic chemistry: arenes Evidence for the structure of the benzene ring 193 Reactions of benzene 198 Reactions of phenol 206 Emioea Organic nitrogen compounds: amines, amides, amino acids and proteins ‘Amines and the formation and reactions of er fs ae as Nae ey eae m Se zm a 2 a = Ca a ee ie a Identifying organic molecules for synthesis 238 Predicting properties of organic compounds 242 Planning synthetic routes 245 “Synthesis of stereo-specific drugs 248 ‘Control measures for hazards in organic synthesis 250 Combinatorial chemistry 253 Examzone: Unit 4 Test 1 256 Examzone: Unit 4 Test 2 258 Examzone: Unit 5 Test 1 260 Examzone: Unit 5 Test 2 262 Index 264 270