Maria Gutierrez 10-5-12 Period 5 Ionic vs.

Covalent Bonding Lab Investigation

Introduction: Most atoms are never found by themselves; instead they are bonded to other atoms in ionic or covalent bonds. This is because ionic bonding is the bounding of a cation with an anion. The cation are positive and an anion is negative. This commonly occurs between a metal that has lost one or more electrons and nonmetal that has gained one or more electron. A covalent bond is the chemical bond that involves the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons is known as a covalent bonding. For many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to have an octet. Hypothesis: Table 1: The expected results of testing five different chemical substances Compounds to be Tested Distilled (pure) Water Sodium chloride NaCl Sucrose (sugar) Dextrose Sodium sulfate C12H22O11 C6H12O6 NaSO4 Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic High Low Low High Yes No No Yes Chemical Formula H20 Hypothesis1: Ionic or Covalent Covalent Hypothesis 2: High or Low Melting Point? Low Hypothesis 3: Will it conduct electricity? N/A

Procedures: PART I. Melting Point and Strength of Bonds 1. Fold the aluminum foil into a square 2. Place a small amount of each different compound

Maria Gutierrez 10-5-12 Period 5

3. Place the aluminum onto the tray, heat it up with the Bunsen burner 4. Observe and record details PART II. Electrical Conductivity 1. Weigh 0.1 gram of each compounds 2. Test the dry compound for conductivity with the tester 3. Add distilled water to the well Record (Yes or No) 4. Test the solution for conductivity with the tester 5. Wash the tester with distilled after every use, and repeat for all the samples Results: Table 2: The results of testing five different chemical substances Name/Chemical Formula: PART I: Melting Point (1-5; High, Med. Or Low?) PART II: Conducted Electricity? (Yes/No) Dry 1. Distilled (pure) Water/ H2O 2. Sodium Chloride/ NaCl 3. Sucrose (sugar)/ C12H22O11 4. Dextrose/ C6H12O6 5. Sodium sulfate/ NaSO4 4 No Yes Ionic 3 No No Covalent 2 No No Covalent 5 No Yes Ionic 1 N/A Dissolved N/A Covalent FINAL CONCLUSION: Ionic or Covalent Bonds?

Maria Gutierrez 10-5-12 Period 5 Conclusion: After this laboratory, it was concluded that sodium chloride and sodium sulfate were ionic compounds, while distilled water, sucrose sugar, and dextrose were covalent compounds. From the results, the covalent compounds were those that conducted electricity in what and had high melting points. However, ionic compounds were those that lacked electricity in water and had low melting points. Furthermore, an ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that is formed by an electrostatic attraction between two opposite charges. Cations are usually metal, and an anion, is usually a nonmetal. Additionally, covalent bonds are very strong since