MAS250 Ch.

08 Solutions
(5, 10, 12, 17, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 38, 42, 49, 60, 63, 64, 71)

5.
H0 : 200 vs H1 : < 200
We compute the test statistic

X
199.1125 200
=

0.502
/ n
5/ 8
i) 5% significance level
Since 0.502 > z0.05 = 1.645, accept H0 .
ii) 10% significance level
Since 0.502 > z0.1 = 1.28, accept H0 .
10.
H0 : 7.6 vs H1 : < 7.6
The test statistic is computed by
7.2 7.6
1.334
1.2/ 16
(a) Since 1.334 > z0.05 = 1.645, accept H0 . Thus, it is not enough to reject
the claim.
(b) Since 1.334 > z0.01 = 2.325, accept H0 . Thus, it is not enough to reject
the claim.
(c) p-value = P (Z < 1.334) = P (Z > 1.334) = 1 P (X 1.334) = 1
(1.334) 0.0913
12. (a)
H0 : 3 vs H1 : < 3
2.95)
p-value = P3 (X

3) 0.05 n)
= P3 ( n(X
= P (Z > 2.5) = 0.0062
Thus, we can conclude that the new toothpaste results, on average, in fewer
than 3 cavities per child.
(b) Since it suggests that the mean drop is of the order of 0.05 cavities, it is probably
not large enough to convince most users to switch.
17.
H0 : 98.6 vs H1 : > 98.6
The test statistic is computed by

n(X 98.6)
10(98.74 98.6)
=
1.273
S
1.1
1

Note that
p-value = P (T99 1.273) = 0.103
Thus, since H0 is accepted for both the the 5 percent and 1 percent levels, the data
is not strong enough to verify the claim of the scientist.
21.
H0 : 240 vs H1 : < 240
The test statistic is computed by

n(X 240)
18(237.056 240)
=
1.107
S
11.28
Note that
p-value = P (T17 < 1.107) = 0.142
With 5% significance level (even for 14% significance level), since we can accept H0 ,
the specifications are met.
23.
H0 : 0.15 vs H1 : > 0.15
The test statistic is computed by

n(X 0.15)
40(0.162 0.15)
=
1.897
S
0.040
Since 1.897 > t0.05,39 1.687, reject H0 . Thus, the claims are invalid.
27.
H0 : A = B vs H1 : A 6= B
The test statistic is computed by
Y
X
11.17 11.9085
q
= q
4.80
2
2
y
0.09
0.16
x
+
+
10
8
n
m
Since | 4.80| > z0.025 = 1.96, reject H0 . Thus, we can reject the claim that the
lakes are equally contaminated.
29. The test statistic is computed by
Y
X
137.67 127.78
q
= q
2
y
22
x2
102
+
+
9
9
n
m
(a)
p-value = P (Z >

137.67 127.78
q
)
102
52
+ 9
9

= P (Z > 2.6538) = 1 P (Z 2.6538)

= 1 (2.6538) = 0.004
2

(b)
p-value = P (Z >

137.67 127.78
q
)
102
102
+
9
9

= P (Z > 2.0980) = 1 P (Z 2.0980)

= 1 (2.0980) = 0.018
(c)
p-value = P (Z >

137.67 127.78
q
)
102
202
+
9
9

= P (Z > 1.3269) = 1 P (Z 1.3269)

= 1 (1.3269) = 0.092
31.
H0 : x = y vs H1 : x 6= y
The test statistic is computed by
Y
X

10.572 10.544
=p
0.437
0.013 (1/6 + 1/7)
Sp2 (1/n + 1/m)

With a significance level test, accept H0 if 0.437 t/2,11 and reject H0 otherwise.
Since p-value = 2P (T11 > 0.437) = 0.67, accept H0 if < 0.67.
38.
H0 : x = y vs H1 : x 6= y
Since

11 922 + 9 862
= 7983.4,
12 + 10 2
the test statistic is computed by
Sp2 =

Y
X

180 136
=p
1.15
7983.4 (1/12 + 1/10)
Sp2 (1/n + 1/m)

Since 1.15 t0.025,20 = 2.086, accept H0 .

42. Let Xi be the before data, Yi be the after data and Wi = Xi Yi for i = 1, ..., 10.
H0 : w = 0 vs H1 : w 6= 0
The test statistic is computed by

3.1
W
n
= 10
2.333
Sw
4.202
Since p-value = 2P (T9 > 2.333) = 0.044, the hypothesis of no change is rejected at
the 5% level of significance.
3

49.
H0 : x2 = y2 vs H1 : x2 6= y2
The test statistic is computed by
Sx2
0.0257
14.053
=
2
Sy
0.0018
With a significance level test, accept H0 if F1/2,5,6 < 14.053 < F/2,5,6 and reject
H0 otherwise.
Since p-value = 2 min{P (F5,6 > 14.053), P (F5,6 14.053)} = 0.006, reject H0 if
> 0.006.
60. (a)
H0 : p1 = p2 vs H1 : p1 6= p2
Using the Fisher-Irwin conditional test, Let X be a hypergeometric random
variable X with parameters 72, 84, 83, i.e.,

84

72
P (X = i) =

83i


156
83

i = 0, 1, ..., 72.

Then p-value is given by

p-value = 2 min{P (X 39), P (X 39)} = 2 0.4754 = 0.9508
The p-value is quite large and so the null hypothesis would not be rejected.
(b) We need test that p = 0.5 when a total of 156 trials resulted in 84 successes
and 72 failures.
H0 : p = 0.5 vs H1 : p 6= 0.5
With X being a binomial random variable with parameters n = 156, p = 0.5,
the p-value is given by
p-value = 2 min{P (X 72), P (X 72)}
= 2 min{P (X 71.5), P (X 72.5)}
71.5 78
X 78
72.5 78
X 78

), P (

)}
= 2 min{P (
39
39
39
39
2 min{P (Z 1.041), P (Z 0.881)}
= 2P (Z 0.881) = 2P (Z 0.881) 0.38
Thus the data is consistent with the claim that the determination of the treatment to be given to each patient was made in a totally random fashion.
63. Let Y = X1 /n1 X2 /n2 . Then E[Y ] = p1 p2 and Var(Y ) = p1 (1 p1 )/n1 + p2 (1
p2 )/n2 . By CLT, X1 /n1 and X2 /n2 are approximately normal for large n1 and n2 .
Thus, Y is approximately normal N (p1 p2 , p1 (1 p1 )/n1 + p2 (1 p2 )/n2 ). So, we
have
X1
2
X
(p1 p2 )
n1
q n2
N (0, 1)
p1 (1p1 )
p2 (1p2 )
+
n1
n2
4

When p1 = p2 , the proposed estimate of p1 = p2 is just the proportion of the n1 + n2

trials that result in successes, which is
X 1 + X2
.
n1 + n2
Therefore, we have the test statistic by
X1
n1

X1 +X2
n1 +n2

X2
n2

X1 +X2
n1 +n2



1
n1

1
n2

.

Thus, with level , this test rejects H0 if

1

|X
n1

X1 +X2
n1 +n2

X2
|
n2

X1 +X2
n1 +n2



1
n1

1
n2

 > z/2

64. The test statistic is computed by

1
|X

n1

X1 +X2
n1 +n2

X2
|
n2

X1 +X2
n1 +n2



1
n1

1
n2

 = q 83

39

| 72

(1
156

44
|
84

83
)( 1
156 72

0.223
+

1
)
84

Thus, with level test, we reject H0 if 0.223 > z/2

71. The scientist should try to match her samples, so that for each smoker there is a
nonsmoker of roughly the same age.