SECOND LAW BASED OPTIMIZATION OF REFRIGERATOR AND AIR CONDITIONER EVAPORATOR

AMAN KUMAR (2K10/ME/019) ANKIT GUPTA (2K10/ME/027) ANKIT HIMMATRAMKA (2K10/ME/028) ANURAG (2K10/ME/033)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL, PRODUCTION & INDUSTRIAL AND AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEC, 2012

Oct, 2012

SECOND LAW BASED OPTIMIZATION OF REFRIGERATOR AND AIR CONDITIONER EVAPORATOR

AMAN KUMAR (2K10/ME/019) ANKIT GUPTA (2K10/ME/027) ANKIT HIMMATRAMKA (2K10/ME/028) ANURAG (2K10/ME/033)
SUPERVISOR NAME: - K.MANJUNATH, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL, PRODUCTION & INDUSTRIAL AND AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
2

DEC, 2012

Oct, 2012

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled Second Law based optimization of refrigerator and air-conditioner evaporator, being submitted by Aman Kumar, Ankit Gupta, Ankit Himmatramka and Anurag to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University as their Minor Project -1, is a bonafide work carried out by them under the supervision of the guide. The results obtained will not be submitted to any other university or institute, either in part or in full.

K.MANJUNATH Assistant Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University

TEAM MEMBERS:

AMAN KUMAR (2K10/ME/019)

ANKIT GUPTA (2K10/ME/027)

ANKIT HIMMATRAMKA (2K10/ME/28)

ANURAG (2K10/ME/033)

INDEX S.NO
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

TOPIC
COVER PAGE INNER COVER CERTIFICATE INDEX LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW AND GAPS IN THE LITERATURE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT WORK METHEDOLOGIC MODELING EXPERIMENTAL SETUP RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK REFERENCES

PAGE NO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20

11.

21

12. 13.

22 23

14.

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LIST OF FIGURES
1. Entropy generation number v/s Reynolds number 2. Entropy generation number v/s Number transfer unit 3. Entropy generation number v/s Reynolds number 4. Exergy v/s flow rate 5. Exergy v/s efficiency 6. Functional architecture of ISHED 1 7. Comparison of COP of various refrigerant with R22 8. Frost formation 9. Brass tube with corrosion traces in it (Wikipedia.org)

LIST OF SYMBOLS
A AL AV As Cmin cp d ds f fi Fr g G Hlg Htph Hs k lo m Ns Pr P Q r Re Sgen T To Tsat Tw u U We x L m o sph tph Cross-sectional area of tube (m2) Cross-sectional area of tube occupied by liquid (m2) Cross-sectional area of tube occupied by vapour (m2) Surface area of two phase tube (m2) Minimum of heat capacity of fluid (W/K) Specific heat (J/(kg K)) Internal diameter of two phase tube (m) Internal diameter of outer tube (m) Friction factor () Interfacial roughness factor () Froude number () Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2) Total mass velocity of liquid and vapour (kg/(m2 s)) Latent heat of vapourisation (J/kg) Two phase heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2 K)) Refrigerant heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2 K)) Thermal conductivity (W/(m K)) Length of the tube (m) Mass flow rate (kg/s) Entropy generation number () Prandtl number () Pressure drop (n/m2) Rate of heat transfer (w) Internal radius of two phase tube (m) Reynolds number () Entropy generation rate (W/ K) Thickness of two phase tube (m) Reference temperature (k) Saturation temperature (k) Wall temperature (k) Mean velocity (m/s) Overall heat transfer coefficient (w/(m2 k)) Weber number () Vapour quality () Liquid Material Outlet Single phase Two phase

ABSTRACT
In this project, initially we have worked to choose the area of field, topic of project work and method of analysis. As a part of the initial step, we carried out literature survey and came to know some of scope given below for further work. The first law analysis does not consider the irreversibilities occurring in the system which may lead to poorer thermal design of evaporators. By using second law analysis we will be able to analyse the irreversibilities taking place in the system easily. By the entropy generation analysis of thermal system, we will obtain the geometric and operating parameters which improve the performance of thermal systems and reduce operating cost. Exergy or entropy generation analysis provides easier way for optimizing the geometric and operating parameters. Based on the conclusions of literature survey, we have defined the problem and started working on it. In the future, work that we will be carrying out is problem formation and simulation. After doing parametric study of the system we will taking up the optimization procedure. Our work is basically to design and optimization of geometric and operating parameters of Direct Expansion Fin-and-Tube Evaporator on the basis of Entropy generation minimization (EGM) Technique. So far we did the brain storming work to found the authenticate dimensions and working data for different types of evaporators used in domestic/industrial refrigerators and air conditioners. The future work will consider the analytical calculations and software simulation of system and optimization of geometric and operating parameters of evaporator using genetic algorithm technique.

INTRODUCTION
The evaporator is one of the four basic and necessary hardware components of the refrigeration system. (The refrigerant may be considered as a fifth, most important, component.) Depending on the application the design of the evaporator will differ. In the evaporator, the refrigerant is evaporated by the heat transferred from the heat source. The heat source may be a gas or a liquid or, e.g. in food freezers, a solid. During evaporation, the temperature of a pure refrigerant is constant, as long as the pressure does not change. This low refrigerant temperature is attained as a result of the reduction in pressure caused by the compressor: When the compressor is started and the pressure reduced, the equilibrium between liquid and vapor in the evaporator is disturbed. To re-establish equilibrium, more vapor is formed through evaporation of liquid. The heat of vaporization necessary for this is taken from the liquid itself, and therefore the liquid temperature drops. As heat starts to flow from the heat source, a new equilibrium temperature is established. In the evaporator there is thus a balance between the heat transferred. Second law is an important aspect to improve its performance. The second law analysis of two-phase flow heat exchangers has received considerable attention by several investigators. London and Shah (1983) discussed the thermodynamic irreversibilities that exist in any real system such as evaporator, which is a phase change heat exchanger. They demonstrated a method to attach monetary values to component irreversibilities generated in the evaporator of a refrigerator/AC with the purpose of developing various tradeoff factors. Zubair et al. (1987) presented a closed form analytical method for the second law based thermo economic optimization of two-phase exchangers used as condensers or evaporators. The peripheral finned-tube (PFT) is a new geometry for enhanced air-side heat transfer under moisture condensate blockage (evaporators). It consists of individual hexagonal (peripheral) fin arrangements with radial fins whose bases are attached to the tubes and tips are interconnected with the peripheral fins. In this paper, experimentally validated semi-empirical models for the air-side heat transfer and pressure drop are combined with the entropy generation minimization theory to determine the optimal characteristics of PFT heat exchangers. The analysis is based on three independent parameters, i.e., porosity, equivalent particle diameter and particle-based Reynolds number. The total heat transfer rate is a fixed constraint. The optimal heat exchanger configurations, i.e., those in which the entropy generation number reaches a minimum, are calculated for constant heat flux and constant tube wall temperature boundary conditions. Performance evaluation criteria of fixed geometry, fixed face area and variable geometry were implemented. In all cases, it was possible to determine a combination of independent parameters that provided a minimum entropy generation rate.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
E N T R O P Y G E N E R AT I O N ADRIAN BEJAN, 1975 M I N I M I S AT I O N (EGM),

EGM combines the basic principle of Heat Transfer, Fluid mechanics, Thermodynamics to modeling and optimization of real systems processes that are governed by finite size and finite time constraints, and are limited by heat and mass transfer and fluid flow irreversibilities. B R U N O F. P U S S O L I , J A D E R R . B A R B O S A J R . ( 2 0 1 2 ) The peripheral finned-tube (PFT) is a new geometry for enhanced air-side heat transfer under moisture condensate blockage (evaporators). It consists of individual hexagonal (peripheral) fin arrangements with radial fins whose bases are attached to the tubes and tips are interconnected with the peripheral fins. In this paper, experimentally validated semi-empirical models for the air-side heat transfer and pressure drop are combined with the entropy generation minimization theory to determine the optimal characteristics of PFT heat exchangers. The analysis is based on three independent parameters, i.e., porosity, equivalent particle diameter and particle-based Reynolds number. The total heat transfer rate is a fixed constraint. The optimal heat exchanger configurations, i.e., those in which the entropy generation number reaches a minimum, are calculated for constant heat flux and constant tube wall temperature boundary conditions. Performance evaluation criteria of fixed geometry, fixed face area and variable geometry were implemented. In all cases, it was possible to determine a combination of independent parameter that provided a minimum entropy generation rate.

 There is an optimum NTU associated with a minimum entropy generation number for both types of heat transfer boundary condition The heat exchanger effectiveness is not a suitable performance parameter to evaluate the heat exchanger performance because it increases monotonically with the NTU and does not take into account the fluid pumping power through the heat exchanger

TZONG-SHING LEE (2010) This work applies the second-law analysis of thermodynamics to quantify the exergy destruction of the components of screw liquid chiller, and to identify the potential for each component to contribute to improve the overall energy efficiency of the system. Three screw liquid chiller units were built to demonstrate the feasibility of the model presented herein. Unit A was a 100 RT water-cooled screw liquid chiller. Unit B was modified from Unit A by switching the old condenser for a new one with a greater heat transfer, and Unit C was modified from Unit B by exchanging the compressor for a more efficient one. The results indicate that the compressor has the largest potential to improve energy efficiency, followed in order by the condenser, and then the evaporator. The second law analysis may help engineers to focus on the components with higher exergy destruction and quantify the extent to which modifying such components can influence, favorably or unfavorably, the performance of other components of the screw liquid chiller.

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The results support the following conclusions. The exergy destruction or irreversibility associated with each component in a screw liquid chiller taken from the testing unit follow the sequence, compressor associated with 38% to 47% of the total system irreversibility, followed by the condenser associated with 22% to 27% thereof, followed by the evaporator associated with 17% to 23%. A component associated with a higher proportion of exergy destruction may more dramatically contribute to improve energy efficiency of a screw liquid chiller. Reducing the exergy destruction associated with components may increase the system COP and the second-law efficiency. Second-law analysis may help us to identify components with higher exergy destruction, modifications to which have greater potential to increase efficiency.

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X . H u o , D . S h i f e r a w, T. G . K a r a y i a n n i s , Y. S . T i a n a n d D . B . R . Kenning (2008) Fundamental data on two-phase flow boiling pressure drop are essential for the design and operation of heat exchangers. The experimental pressure drop results of these study show that the pressure drop along the test section increases with mass flux and exit quality but decreases with system pressure. The pressure drop gradients in 2.01 mm tube are about 3 times higher than those in the 4.26 mm tube. E. Granryd (2010)

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Analytical expressions for optimum flow rates in evaporator of refrigerating system The expression derived can be used for Design purposes Checking suitable flow velocities in existing plants. Incorporating in algorithms for optimal systems with variable speed compressors. operation of

J o n g - Ta e k O h , A . S . P a m i t r a n , K w a n g - I l C h o i , P e g a H r n j a k ( 2 0 11 ) Experimental investigation on 2 phase flow heat transfer of 5 refrigerants in horizontal small tubes of various inner diameter The effects of mass flux, heat flux, saturation temperature and inner tube diameter on the heat transfer coefficient are reported.

REFRIGERANT
Any substance capable of absorbing heat from another substance. They may be liquid/gas and are the source of cooling the gas ( r e f r i g e r a t o r ) o r a i r ( a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g ) . They have h i g h l a t e n t h e a t o f vaporization. e.g Ammonia, CO2, SO2, Ethane, Ethylene, Freon(fluorinated h y d r o c a r b o n s ) f a m i l y l i k e F r e o n - 11 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 , e t c , A z e t r o p e s , Wa t e r Va p o r, A i r, N O 2 e t c . R600a (isobutane), R290 (propane), R134a, R22, R410A, and R32 etc.

Piotr A. Domanski, David Ry s z a r d S . M i c h a l s k i ( 2 0 0 4 )

Ya s h a r,

Kenneth

A.

Kaufman,

A n O p t i m i z e d D e s i g n o f F i n n e d - Tu b e E v a p o r a t o r s U s i n g t h e Learnable Evolution Model We d e s c r i b e d a n e x p e r i m e n t a l s ys t e m , I S H E D 1 , d e v e l o p e d t o assist a design engineer in optimizing finned-tube evaporators. S p e c i f i c a l l y, g i v e n i n p u t p a r a m e t e r s a n d t e c h n i c a l c o n s t r a i n t s , t h e s y s t e m o p t i m i z e s t h e r e f r i g e r a n t c i r c u i t r y i n t h e e v a p o r a t o r. T h e novelty of this approach is in applying the recently developed learnable evolution model, which integrates knowledge-based evolutionar y computation with symbolic learning that guides the

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process of generating new designs. Generated designs are e v a l u a t e d u s i n g t h e E VA P e v a p o r a t o r m o d e l , w h i c h s i m u l a t e s t h e designs. D o m a n s k i , Ya s h a r, K a u f m a n a n d M i c h a l s k i ( 2 0 0 4 ) F U N C T I O N A L A RC H I T E C H T U R E O F I S H E D 1

P i o t r A . D o m a n s k i , D a v i d Ya s h a r, M i n s u n g K i m ( 2 0 0 5 ) This paper presents a comparable evaluation of R600a (isobutane), R290 (propane), R134a, R22, R410A, and R32 in an o p t i m i z e d f i n n e d - t u b e e v a p o r a t o r, a n d a n a l y z e s t h e i m p a c t o f evaporator effects on the s ys t e m coefficient of performance(COP). They optimized evaporator circuitry for each refrigerant using a non-Darwinian evolutionary scheme, and performed simulations of the optimized evaporators.

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 Better COP for low-pressure refrigerants (having a high

critical temperature) versus high-pressure refrigerants (having a low critical temperature). The high-pressure refrigerants provided higher evaporator capacities than the low-pressure refrigerants.

D o m a n s k i , Ya s h a r a n d K i m ( 2 0 0 5 ) C o m p a r i s o n o f C O P o f v a r i o u s R e f r i g e r a n t s Wi t h R 2 2

Ta i j o n g S u n g , D a e s i k O h , Ta e w o n S e o a n d J o n g w o n K i m ( 2 0 0 7 ) This paper presents an optimal design of a micro evaporator to maximize the heat transfer coefficient for an active micro cooler They designed optimal parameters to maximize the heat transfer coefficient. Selected parameters are the number of gaps, the channel width, the lateral gap size. The optimal parameter set is determined as 3, 0.5 mm and 1 . 2 5 m m r e s p e c t i v e l y. T h e m a x i m i z e d h e a t t r a n s f e r coefficients are 0.465, 0.457 and 0.430 W/cm2K for the h e a t e r p o w e r s o f 4 0 , 6 0 a n d 8 0 W, r e s p e c t i v e l y.

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R Vi j a y a n a n d P S S S r i n i v a s a n ( 2 0 0 9 ) T h i s p a p e r p r e s e n t s e x p e r i m e n t a l p e r f o r m a n c e a n a l ys i s o f a w i n d o w a i r c o n d i t i o n e r ( c a p a c i t y, 1 T R ) w i t h a n d w i t h o u t h e a t exchanger(IHE), along with performance comparison of R22 and R407C in the same AC. Use of IHC has increased coefficient of performance(COP) when running on R22(5.86%) and R407C(6.3%). When retrofitting R22 with R407C, COP is found to drop with(6.26%) and without(6.64%) IHE. J a n g - S e o k L e e , Ta e - H e e L e e , S e o n g - H u n H a m , S e - Yo o n O h , Kwan-Shik Cho (2010) This paper presents experimental results of the heat transfer p e r f o r m a n c e o f N e w Tr i - t u b e t y p e e v a p o r a t o r s The low temperature evaporator test facility was developed to closely simulate refrigerator-freezer conditions. The overall heat transfer coefficient of tri-tube type evaporator is increased about 120% comparing of finned t u b e t y p e e v a p o r a t o r. The defrosting heater power of tri-tube type evaporator is d e c r e a s e d a b o u t 5 0 % c o m p a r i n g o f f i n n e d t u b e t yp e e v a p o r a t o r.

D e e p a k K u m a r, Vi v e k K u m a r, a n d V. P. S i n g h ( 2 0 1 0 ) This paper describes a steady state model of a multiple effect e v a p o r a t o r s ys t e m f o r s i m u l a t i o n a n d c o n t r o l p u r p o s e s . Steady state simulation is done successfully by using f s o l v e s o l v e r i n M AT L A B s o u r c e c o d e f o r t h r e e f e e d i n g sequences backward, mixed and splitting. The effect of variation of various input parameters on steam economy is studied. T h e y c o n c l u d e d t h a t m i x e d f e e d i s a l w a ys o p t i m a l f o r e n t i r e range of each parameters.

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FA C T O R S A F F E C T I N G P E R F O R M A N C E O F A N E VA P O R AT O R Pr i m a r y Fa c t o r s :
Re f r i g e r a n t u s e d Air Flow Distribution Turbulence A re a i n c o n t a c t w i t h re f r i g e r a n t C o n d u c t i o n Pa t h Re s i s t a n c e a n d P i p i n g G e o m e t r y Re f r i g e r a n t P re s s u re D r o p a n d S u p e r h e a t i n g Va l u e Refrigerant Used It should be, Non-corrosive, Safe (nontoxic, nonflammable, ecofriendly), Having favourable thermod ynamic properties. Examples Ammonia, CFC, Freons, R22, R410A, R744 etc. Air Flow Distribution The air flow distribution should be uniform for maximum e f f i c i e n c y. L i u & C h e n ( 2 0 1 2 ) f o u n d t h a t f o r e q u a l f l o w r a t e s , efficiency of a multi-circuit evaporator decreased by 7.78% in case of non-uniform distribution of air flow as compared to uniform one. The decrease in performance can be attributed to decreased heat transfer in case of non-uniform distribution of air f l o w. Tu r b u l e n c e Tu r b u l e n c e i n e v a p o r a t o r s h o u l d b e m i n i m i s e d t o p r e v e n t u n w a n t e d l o s s e s ( i n v i b r a t i o n e t c . ) a n d m a i n t a i n s ys t e m s t a b i l i t y. To m i n i m i s e t u r b u l e n c e , h a r s h a n g l e s o r r o u g h s u r f a c e s i n c o i l s should be avoided as they disrupt the normal flow pattern. Area in contact with refrigerant Area in contact with refrigerant vapour should be large.Large contact area allows more heat transfer per unit time for a given temperature difference between the evaporator coils and refrigerant. Conduction Path Resistance C o n d u c t i o n p a t h r e s i s t a n c e s h o u l d b e l o w. O v e r a l l r e s i s t a n c e o f conduction path depends on thermal resistance of material used and the width & length of the conducting channel. So, they should be accordingly varied to get lowest resistance.

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Pressure drop and Superheating value In case of refrigerant pressure drop along coil length (Hermes, 2004), Wi t h o u t S u p e r h e a t i n g , f l o w i s p u r e l y p a r a l l e l . S o , performance of parallel flow evaporator is more than the counter flow arrangement. Wi t h S u p e r h e a t i n g , f l o w i s p a r t c o u n t e r, p a r t p a r a l l e l . S o , the performances of above mentioned coil arrangements d e p e n d o n p r e d o m i n a n t m a n n e r o f f l o w.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
Major problems in the working of an evaporator : Frost Formation Fouling and unpleasant odour Corrosion and leakage Dirt accumulation Foaming F R O S T F O R M AT I O N The evaporator coils tend to be naturally cold, and generally h o v e r r i g h t a r o u n d t h e f r e e z i n g p o i n t o f w a t e r. I f m o i s t u r e s t a y s on the fins too long, the water can freeze and begin to coat the blades. This is typically caused b y blocked coils or failed expansion valves, and the frost layers can seriously inhibit the p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g s ys t e m .

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FOULING AND PECULIAR ODOUR (Gerlach and Newell, 2001)

Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid

surfaces to the detriment of function. The fouling material can consist of either living organisms or a non-living substance (inorganic or organic). Foods, proteins and polysaccharides can create such d e p o s i t s t h a t r e d u c e t h e e f f i c i e n c y o f h e a t t r a n s f e r. Due to fouling there is a build-up of mold and bacteria on t h e e v a p o r a t o r f i n s w h i c h p r o d u c e f o u l o d o u r. Air conditioning systems are flushed to remove these odours, and sometimes the fins are coated with a moldicide protectant. CORROSION AND LEAKAGE ( S h e n , S u & Wa n g , 2 0 0 0 ) Corrosion can occur when acidic solutions such as citrus juices are concentrated. The surface damage caused can shorten the long-life of evaporators. Excessive corrosion can lead to leakage of the refrigerant from the evaporator coil, thus hampering its operation and performance because of loss of heat circulation.

(Brass tube with corrosion traces in it (wikipedia.org)) D I RT A C C U M U L AT I O N A N D F O A M I N G (Byuan and Lee, 2010) In the normal process of operation, the evaporator coil and fins can become coated with normal dust, dirt and lint, w h i c h i s o f t e n a t t r a c t e d b y w a t e r. T h e s e l a y e r s o f d i r t a r e not as dangerous as frost, but they can still stop the evaporator from performing correctly and inhibit the e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e e n t i r e s ys t e m .

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 Foaming can also create a problem since dealing with the e x c e s s f o a m c a n b e c o s t l y i n t e r m s o f t i m e a n d e f f i c i e n c y. Antifoam agents are to be used, but only a few can be used when food is being processed.

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW AND GAPS IN THE LITERATURE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT WORK

T h e f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s c a n b e d r a w n f ro m l i t e r a t u re re v i e w :
The heat transfer between refrigerant and air/gas is t w o p h a s e h e a t t r a n s f e r. The pressure drop between refrigerant and air/gas is two phase pressure drop. Refrigerant undergoes phase change with different flow patterns. Performance parameters can be optimized using E n t r o p y G e n e r a t i o n M i n i m i z a t i o n ( E G M ) Te c h n i q u e .

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 Common problems in evaporator operation have been identified and thus, efforts to lessen them can be made. Exerg y analysis can be further carried out to optimize the performance parameters. S T I L L T H E R E I S A S C O P E T O O P T I M I Z E A N E VA P O R AT O R O N T H E B A S I S O F S E C O N D L AW O F T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S

Objective
Optimization of evaporator Entropy generation minimisation E x e r g y a n a l ys i s T h e r m a l d e s i g n a n a l ys i s To analyze performance factors Identify & minimize the problems Analytic formulation Software simulation Genetic algorithm

METHEDOLOGIC MODELING EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

From literature survey, we conclude the following results

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The first law analysis does not consider the irreversibilities occurring in the system which may lead to poorer thermal design of evaporators. By using second law analysis we will be able to analyse the irreversibilities taking place in the system easily. By the entropy generation analysis of thermal system we will obtain the geometric and operating parameters which improve the performance of thermal systems and reducing energy cost. Exergy or Entropy generation analysis provides easier way for optimizing the geometric and operating parameters.

The future work will consider the analytical calculations and software simulation of system and optimization of geometric and operating parameters of evaporator using genetic algorithm technique. So far we did the brain storming work to found the authenticate dimensions and working data for different types of evaporators used in domestic/industrial refrigerators and air conditioners.

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

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Conclusions
In this work initially we have done brain storming work to choose the area of field, topic of project work and method of analysis. As a part of initial step we carried out literature survey and came to know some of scope for further work. Based on the conclusions of literature survey we have defined the problem and started working on it. In the future work we will formation and simulation. be carrying out problem

A f t e r d o i n g p a r a m e t r i c s t u d y o f t h e s ys t e m w e w i l l t a k i n g up the optimization procedure.

Future scope
T h e f i r s t l a w a n a l ys i s d o e s n o t c o n s i d e r t h e i r r e v e r s i b i l i t i e s occurring in the system which may lead to poorer thermal design of evaporators. B y u s i n g s e c o n d l a w a n a l ys i s w e w i l l b e a b l e t o a n a l y s e t h e i r r e v e r s i b i l i t i e s t a k i n g p l a c e i n t h e s y s t e m e a s i l y. B y t h e entrop y generation analysis of thermal system we will obtain the geometric and operating parameters which i m p r o v e t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e r m a l s ys t e m s a n d r e d u c i n g energ y cost. E x e r g y o r E n t r o p y g e n e r a t i o n a n a l ys i s p r o v i d e s e a s i e r w a y for optimizing the geometric and operating parameters.

REFERENCES

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1. B e j a n ,

A. (1977) The concept of irreversibility in heat exchanger design: counter flow heat exchangers for gas-to-gas a p p l i c a t i o n s , J o u r n a l H e a t Tr a n s f e r , Vo l . 9 9 , p p . 3 7 4 3 8 0 . B o c a R a t o n , N Y.

2. B e j a n A . ( 1 9 9 5 ) E n t r o p y G e n e r a t i o n M i n i m i z a t i o n , C R C P r e s s ,

3 . B r u n o F. P u s s o l i , J a d e r R . B a r b o s a J r ( 2 0 1 2 ) O p t i m i z a t i o n o f peripheral finned-tube evaporators using entropy generation minimization, International Journal of Heat and Mass Tr a n s f e r 5 5 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 7 8 3 8 7 8 4 6 . 4. B. Shen, Z. Shu and Y. Wang (2000) Research on characteristics of Double Evaporators in VRV Air Conditioner, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference
5. C E Vi n c e n t a n d M K H e u n ( 2 0 0 6 ) T h e r m o e c o n o m i c A n a l ys i s

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