Infinitiv Trecut Participiu trecut Traducere

to abide abode abode a astepta, a sta, a locui

to arise arose arisen a se ridica

to awake awoke awoke a se trezi
to be was, were been a fi
to bear bore born a se naste
to beat beat beaten a bate
to become became become a deveni
to begin began begun a icepe
to behold beheld beheld a zari, a vedea
to bend bent bent a idoi
to beseech besought besought a implora
to bear bore born a se naste
to bet bet bet a paria
to bid bade bidden a oferi, a licita
to bind bound bound a lega
to bite bit bitten a musca
to bleed bled bled a sangera
to bless blest blest a binecuvanta
to blow blew blown a sufla
to break broke broken a sparge
to breed bred bred a creste
to bring brought brought a aduce
to broadcast broadcast broadcast a transmite prin radio
to burn burnt (burned) burnt (burned) a arde
to burst burst burst a izbucni
to buy bought bought a cumpara
to can could been able to a putea, a fi posibil
to cast cast cast a arunca
to catch caught caught a prinde
to choose chose chosen a alege
to cleave cleft cleft a despica
to cling clung clung a se lipi
to come came come a veni
to cost cost cost a costa
to creep crept crept a se tara
to cut cut cut a taia
to deal dealt dealt a se ocupa, a trata afaceri
to dig dug dug a sapa
 to deal dealt dealt a se ocupa, a
trata afaceri
to dig dug dug a sapa
to do did done a face
to draw drew drawn a desena
to dream dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed) a visa
to drink drank drunk a bea
to drive drove driven a conduce
masina
to dwell dwelt dwelt a locui, a
ramane, a
insista
to eat ate eaten a manca
to fall fell fallen a cadea
to feed fed fed a hrani
to feel felt felt a simti
to fight fought fought a lupta
to find found found a gasi
to fly flew flown a zbura
to forbid forbade forbidden a interzice
to forecast forecast forecast a prevedea
to foresee foresaw foreseen a prevedea
to foretell foretold foretold a prezice
to forget forgot forgotten a uita
to forgive forgave forgiven a ierta
to forgo forwent forgone a renunta la,
a da uitarii
forsake forsook forsaken a parasi
to freeze froze frozen a igheta
to get got got a primi
to give gave given a da
to go went gone a merge
to grind ground ground a macina
to grow grew grown a creste
to hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged) a spanzura
to have had had a avea
to hear heard heard a auzi
 to hide hid hidden a ascunde
to hit hit hit a lovi
to hold held held a tine
to hurt hurt hurt a rani
to keep kept kept a pastra
to kneel knelt knelt a igenunchia
to knit knit knit a tricota
to know knew known a sti, a cunoaste
to lay laid laid a aseza
to lead led led a conduce
to lean leant leant a se sprijini de
to learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) a ivata
to leave left left a lasa, a parasi
to lend lent lent a împrumuta
(cuiva)
to let let let a permite
to lie lay lain a fi culcat
to light lit lit a aprinde
to lose lost lost a pierde
to make made made a face
to mean meant meant a isemna
to meet met met a italni
to misgive misgave misgiven a inspira
neicredere
to mislead misled misled a induce i
eroare
to mistake mistook mistaken a itelege gresit
to outdo outdid outdone a itrece
to overcome overcame overcome a ivinge
to overdo overdid overdone a face exces
to pay paid paid a plati
to put put put a pune
to read read read a citi
to rend rent rent a sfasia, a rupe
to ride rode ridden a calari
to ring rang rung a suna
to rise rose risen a se ridica
to run ran run a alerga
to say said said a spune
 to see saw seen a vedea
to seek sought sought a cauta
to sell sold sold a vinde
to send sent sent a trimite
to set set set a fixa, a regla
to sew sewed sewn (sewed) a coase
to shake shook shaken a scutura,
a clatina
to shave shaved shaven a se barbieri
to shed shed shed a varsa
(lacrimi)
to shine shone shone a straluci
to shoe shod shod a icalta,
a potcovi
to shoot shot shot a împusca
to show showed shown a arata
to shrink shrank shrunk a se strange
to shut shut shut a ichide
to sing sang sung a canta
to sink sank sunk a se scufunda
to sit sat sat a sta (pe scaun)
to slay slew slain a ucide
to sleep slept slept a dormi
to slide slid slid a aluneca
to sling slung slung a azvarli
to slit slit slit a crapa,
a despica
to smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled) a mirosi
to smite smote smitten a lovi
to sow sowed sown a semana
to speak spoke spoken a vorbi
to speed sped sped a accelera,
a goni
to spell spelt (spelled) spelt (spelled) a pronunta
litera cu litera
to spend spent spent a petrece,
a cheltui
to spill spilt spilt a varsa
to spin spun spun a toarce,
a se roti
 to spit spat spat a scuipa
to split split split a despica
to spoil spoilt spoilt a strica
to spread spread spread a itinde
to spring sprang sprung a sari, a tasni
to stand stood stodd a sta i picioare
to steal stole stolen a fura
to stick stuck stuck a ifige, a se lipi
to sting stung stung a itepa
to stink stank stunk a mirosi urat
to strike struck struck a lovi
to string strung strung a isira,
a icorda
to strive strove striven a se stradui
to swear swore sworn a jura
to sweep swept swept a matura
to swim swam swum a inota
to swing swung swung a se legana
to take took taken a lua
to teach taught taught a ivata, a preda
to tear tore torn a rupe, a sfasia
to tell told told a spune
to think thought thought a gandi, a crede
to throw threw thrown a arunca
to thrust thrust thrust a îmbranci
to tread trod trodden a calca
to underlie underlay underlain a sustine
to understood understood a itelge
understand
to upset upset upset a supara
to wake woke woken a se trezi
to wear wore worn a purta
to weave wove woven a tese
to wet wet wet a uda
to win won won a castiga
to wind wound wound a se rasuci
to wring wrung wrung a frange,
a smulge
to write wrote written a scrie
Articolul

Definitie: - reprezinta un determinant substantival care contribuie la realizarea

intelesului unui substantiv intr-o propozitie.

Tipuri de articole:
Articolul Hotarat - THE
Articolul Nehotarat - A / AN
Articolul zero (forma implicita sau neexprimata)

Articolul hotarat THE:

Cand folosim articolul hotarat?

- Inaintea unui substantiv care a mai fost mentionat in textul respectiv:

Exemplu: A man knocked at the door and a girl opened it. The man was her father.

- Inaintea substantivelor care sunt unice:

Exemplu: the moon, the earth, the star, the sun, the air

- Inaintea numeralelor ordinale:

Exemplu: the first, the second, the third, the twenty-first, the seventeenth

- In realizarea superlativului:
Exemplu: the best year, the youngest girl, the most important, the fastest, the tallest

- Inaintea substantivelor care reprezinta nume de colectivitati si institutii:

Exemplu: the army, the crowd, the government, the police, the parliament

- Inaintea unor nume proprii (nume de familie, muzee, teatre, ziare, hoteluri, etc):
Exemplu: the Browns, the Johns, the National Theatre, the Marriott Grand Hotel,
the New York Times, the Beatles

- Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume de locuri geografice, munti, fluvii,

oceane, mari etc:
Exemplu: the Alps, the Atlantic, the Thames, the Danube, the Red Sea, the Sahara
Articolul nehotarat A / AN
Utilizam articolul nehotarat A:
Inaintea substantivelor care incep cu o consoana:
Exemple: a girl, a boy, a teacher, a family, a classroom

Utilizam articolul nehotarat AN:

Inaintea substantivelor care incep cu o vocala (a, e, i, o, u):
Exemple: an elephant, an apple, an interview, an onion, an action

Articolul nehotarat - exceptii:

- Folosim articolul nehotarat AN inaintea unui substantiv care incepe cu litera "h",
doar atunci cand este vorba despre un "h mut".
Exemple: an hour, an honour

- Folosim articolul nehotarat A inaintea unui substantiv care incepe cu litera "u"
sau grupul de litere "eu", doar atunci cand acestea se pronunta ca "you"
Exemple: a European, a university, a unit

Cand folosim articolul nehotarat A/AN?

- Inaintea unui substantiv concret nedeterminat si numarabil:
Exemple: A boy entered into the classroom.
The reporter took an interview.

- Inaintea unui substantiv concret cu functia de nume predicativ:

Exemplu: She is a teacher.
Ronnie is an elephant.

Articolul zero
Nu folosim articol in urmatoarele situatii:
- Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume proprii la singular:
Exemplu: Paul is going to the school.

- Inaintea substantivelor care indica nume de tari, orase si limba acestora:

Exemple: France is a European country.
You speak English fluently.
Bucharest is the capital of Romania.

- In unele expresii invariabile:

Exemplu: by car, at school, in church, by train

- Inaintea substantivelor abstracte, care indica nume de culori, stiinte, arte, materii
etc:
Exemplu: beauty, health, dinner, lunch, breakfast, truth, green, gold, silver,
mathematics, physics

Exercitii
1. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:

___ woman
___ unit
___ United States of America
___ Johnsons
___ elephant
___ beauty
___ hour
___ Thames

2. Completati propozitiile din textul de mai jos cu a/an:

a) ___ old woman laughed at him.

b) ___ cat and ___ dog were in the kitchen.
c) I saw ___ elephant at the zoo.
d) It was ___ excellent movie.
e) She watched ___ TV show

3. Completati cu a / an / the acolo unde este cazul:

Daniel is ___ teacher. He likes ___ Physics very much. He teaches at ___ Theoretical
Highschool from ___ Bucharest. ___pupils like him very much. One day, he decided
to take ___ children to see ___ laboratory from another highschool. There, they
made ___ experiment. All ___ children considered ___ experiment ___ most
interesting they have ever made.
Numeralul cardinal
1 one 11 eleven
2 two 12 twelve
3 three 13 thirteen
4 four 14 fourteen
5 five 15 fifteen
6 six 16 sixteen
7 seven 17 seventeen
8 eight 18 eighteen
9 nine 19 nineteen
10 ten 20 twenty

30 thirty 21 twenty-one
40 forty 22 twenty-two
50 fifty 23 twenty-three
60 sixty 24 twenty-four
70 seventy ....... .......
80 eighty
90 ninety 31 thirty-one
32 thirty-two
100 one hundred 33 thirty-three
200 two hundred 34 thirty-four
1000 one thousand ....... .......
10000 ten thousand

153 one hundred and fifty-three

198 one hundred and ninety-eight
203 two hundred and three
405 four hundred and fifty
1,000,000 one million
12,000,000 twelve million
 13,632,521 thirteen million six hundred thirty-two thousand five hundred and
twenty-one

Atentie!

- se foloseste cratima intre numeralul zecilor si cel al unitatilor

Exemple: 21 twenty-one; 99 ninety-nine

- se pune virgula dupa fiecare grup care indica miile

Exemplu: 1,222,351

- mentionarea conjunctiei and este obligatorie inaintea grupului zecilor si unitatea

finala
Exemplu: 2,532 - two thousand five hundred and thirty-two

- cifrele zecimale se citesc astfel:

2.4832 - two point four eight three two

Numeralul ordinal
1st first primul
2nd second al doilea
3rd third al treilea
4th fourth .......
5th fifth
6th sixth
7th seventh
8th eighth
9th ninth
10th tenth
11th eleventh
12th twelvth
13th thirteenth
14th fourteenth
15th fifteenth
16th sixteenth
17th seventeenth
18th eighteenth
19th nineteenth
20th twentieth
21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second
23rd twenty-third
....... .......
30th thirtieth
40th fortieth
....... .......
Exercitii:
1. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele cifre:
123 -
1,450 -
58 -
33 -
1,024 -
985 -
24 -
48 -

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:

a) Ziua mea de nastere este pe data de 22 mai.
b) Am ajuns in Bucuresti pe data de 14 iunie.
c) John este al patrulea elev din clasa.
d) 4 Iulie este ziua nationala a Americii.
e) Primul autobuz din parcare este al nostru.
f) Sunt 14 elevi in aceasta clasa.

3. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele ore:

10:45 -
11:25 -
12:40 -
13:30 -
14:05 -
PRONUMELE:

1. Pronumele personal
a) cu functie de subiect
b) cu functie de complement

a) Forma pronumelui personal cu functie de subiect:

I --- eu
You --- tu, dumneata, dumneavoastra
He --- el
She --- ea
It --- el, ea (neutru), pentru nume de obiecte, lucruri, animale
We --- noi
You --- voi, dumneavoastra
They --- ei, ele, dumnealor

Exemple: I am a big girl.

He lives near the school.
We like chocolate very much.
Do you like football?

b) Forma pronumelui personal cu functie de complement:

me
- mie, imi, mi (complement indirect)
- pe mine, ma, m (complement direct)

you
- tie, iti, ti, dumitale, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)
- pe tine, te, pe dumneata, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct)

him
- lui, ii, i (complement indirect)
- pe el, il (complement direct)

her
- ei, ii, i (complement indirect)
- pe ea, o (complement direct)

it
- lui, ei, ii, i (complement indirect)
- pe el, il, pe ea, o (complement direct)

us
- noua, ne, ni (complement indirect)
- pe noi, ne (complement direct)

you
- voua, va, vi, dumneavoastra (complement indirect)
- pe voi, va, pe dumneavoastra (complement direct)

them
- lor, le, li (complement indirect)
- pe ei, ii, i (complement direct)

Exemple:
I watch my brother playing tennis.
You gave me a nice gift.
Give them a kiss from me!
2. Pronumele reflexive si de intarire
myself --- ma, insumi, insami
yourself --- te, insuti, insati
himself --- se, insusi
herself --- se, insesi
itself --- se, insusi, insasi (neutru)
ourselves --- ne, insine, insene
yourselves --- va, insiva, inseva
themselves --- se, insisi, insesi

Exemple:
I found myself very smart.
We did ourselves all the exercises.
3. Pronumele demonstrativ
this --- acesta, aceasta, asta, asta
that --- acela, aceea, ala, aia
these --- acestea, acestia, astia, astea
those --- acelea, aceia, aia, alea

Exemple:
This is my brother.
Those are his parents.
4. Pronumele posesive
mine --- al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele
yours --- al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale
his --- al sau (a lui), a sa (a lui), ai sai (ai lui), ale sale (ale lui)
hers --- al sau (a ei), a sa (a ei), ai sai (ai ei), ale sale (ale ei)
its own --- al sau, a sa, ai sai, ale sale (neutru)
ours --- al nostru, a noastra, ai nostri, ale noastre
yours --- al vostru, a voastra, ai vostri, ale voastre
their --- al lor, a lor, ai lor, ale lor
Exemple:
My brother is tall, but yours is taller.
His car is old, but hers is older.
I lost my pencil, can you lend me yours?
5. Pronumele nehotarat
some + body, one, thing
any + body, one, thing
no + body, one, thing

Exemple:
I want something from you.
She didn't find anything in the fridge.
There was no one in the room.
6. Pronumele relativ
who --- care
whom/who --- pe care
whose --- al (a, ai, ale) carui, careia, carora
what --- ce, ceea ce
which --- care, pe care (pt. lucruri, obiecte ...)
that --- care

Exemple:
My brother, who is a doctor, lives in Bucharest.
Tom, whose car was stolen, bought another one last week.
I found a cat that was lost.
I didn't like what I saw.
7. Pronumele interogativ
who? --- cine?
whom? who? --- pe cine?
whose? --- al (a, ai, ale) cui?
what? --- care?, pe care,ce?
which? --- (pe) care dintre?

Exemple:
Whom did you see last Sunday?
Whose shoes are those?
What are you doing?
Which do you like more?
Exercitii:
1. Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu forma corecta a pronumelui reflexiv:
1) I enjoyed _______ at the party
2) My father didn't buy the book for _______
3) The dog cut _______ while running in the street.
4) Help _______ with some fruit, John and Mary.
5) We saw _______ in the snow.
2. Completati propozitiile de mai jos cu forma corecta a pronumelui posesiv:
1) This is my cat. It is _______
2) That is his lamp. It is _______
3) These are our maps. They are _______
4) Those are their shoes. They are _______
5) This is her shirt. It is _______

3. Completati corect spatiile goale cu unul dintre pronumele din paranteze:

1) I saw Mr. Thompson _______ is John's father. (that, who, which)
2) _______ did you meet last week, John or Steve? (which, who, whose)
3) Puffy, _______ is a big cat, is very lazy. (which, who, whose)
4) _______ are you doing? (whom, what, that)
5) _______ is going with you at the theatre? (who, that,whom)
VERBUL

Verbul "TO BE" - a fi

Forma afirmativa:
I am (I'm) - Eu sunt
You are (You're) - Tu esti
He is (He's) - El este
She is (She's) - Ea este
It is (It's) - El/Ea este
We are (We're) - Noi suntem
You are (You're) - Voi sunteti
They are (They're) - Ei/Ele sunt

Forma interogativa:

Am I? - Sunt eu?
Are you? - Esti tu?
Is he? - Este el?
Is she? - Este ea?
Is it? - Este el/ea?
Are we? - Suntem noi?
Are you? - Sunteti voi?
Are they? - Sunt ei/ele?

Forma negativa:

I am not (I'm not) - Eu nu sunt

You are not (You aren't) - Tu nu esti
He is not (He isn't) - El nu este
She is not (She isn't) - Ea nu este
It is not (It isn't) - El/Ea nu este
We are not (We aren't) - Noi nu suntem
You are not (You aren't) - Voi nu sunteti
They are not (They aren't) - Ei/Ele nu sunt

Verbul "TO HAVE" - a avea

Forma afirmativa:

I have (I've) - Eu am
You have (You've) - Tu ai
He has (He's) - El are
She has (She's) - Ea are
It has (It's) - El/Ea are
We have (We've) - Noi avem
You have (You've) - Voi aveti
They have (They've) - Ei/Ele au

Forma interogativa:

Have I? - Am eu?
Have you? - Ai tu?
Has he? - Are el?
Has she? - Are ea?
Has it? - Are el/ea?
Have we? - Avem noi?
Have you? - Aveti voi?
Have they? - Au ei/ele?

Forma negativa:

I have not (I haven't) - Eu nu am

You have not (You haven't) - Tu nu ai
He has not (He hasn't) - El nu are
She has not (She hasn't) - Ea nu are
It has not (It hasn't) - El/Ea nu are
We have not (We haven't) - Noi nu avem
You have not (You haven't) - Voi nu aveti
They have not (They haven't) - Ei/Ele nu au

Verbul "TO DO" - a face

Forma afirmativa:

I do - Eu fac
You do - Tu faci
He does - El face
She does - Ea face
It does - El/Ea face
We do - Noi facem
You do - Voi faceti
They do - Ei/Ele fac

Forma interogativa:

Do I? - Fac eu?
Do you? - Faci tu?
Does he? - Face el?
Does she? - Face ea?
Does it? - Face el/ea?
Do we? - Facem noi?
Do you? - Faceti voi?
Do they? - Fac ei/ele?

Forma negativa:

I do not (I don't) - Eu nu fac

You do not (You don't) - Tu nu faci
He does not (He doesn't) - El nu face
She does not (She doesn't) - Ea nu face
It does not (It doesn't) - El/Ea nu face
We do not (We don't) - Noi nu facem
You do not (You don't) - Voi nu faceti
They do not (They don't) - Ei/Ele nu fac

Exercitii:
1. Completati spatiile goale cu forma corecta a verbului TO BE:
a) Forma afirmativa:
I _______ in the classroom.
He _______ in the garden.
They _______ in the house

b) Forma negativa:
You _______ in the office.
She _______ in the bathroom.
We _______ in the restaurant.

2. Traduceti in limba engleza:

1. Eu am 12 ani.
2. Tu esti in casa cu tatal tau.
3. Noi avem 2 buchete de flori.
4. Voi sunteti in clasa a patra.
5 El are un mar si doua portocale.
6. Ea este in curtea scolii cu prietena ei.

3. Completati spatiile goale cu forma interogativa a verbului TO BE:

1. _______ you a good friend?
2. _______ he your father?
3. _______ they your colleagues?
4. _______ she in the living room?
5. _______ we in the courtyard?
Substantivul:

A. Tipuri de substantive
1. Substantive comune
2. Substantive proprii

1. Substantivele comune desemneaza fiinte (oameni si animale) si obiecte / lucruri.

Exemple:
- fiinte: man, woman, grandmother, teacher, brother, pupil, doctor, nurse
- obiecte (lucruri): pencil, school, car, hotel, medicine, shop, power, health

2. Substantivele proprii desemneaza nume de familie si prenume, nume de munti,

orase, tari, ape etc.

Exemple:
- nume de familie si prenume: Ewing, Brown, Sawyer, John, Mary, Helen
- nume de munti: Alps, Himalaya, Everest
- nume de orase: Bucharest, Paris, Venice
- nume de tari: France, Italy, Croatia
- nume de ape: Mississippi, Danube, Thames

B. Genul substantivelor
1. Genul masculin (care se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal he)

Exemple: man, doctor, driver, father, boy

2. Genul feminin (care se inlocuiesc cu pronumele personal she)

Exemple: woman, mother, girl, actress, sister.

3. Genul neutru (nume de lucruri, obiecte si animale; se inlocuiesc cu pronumele

personal it)

Exemple: cat, dog, pencil, butterfly, car, notebook.

C. Numarul substantivelor
Substantivele pot fi la singular sau la plural.
Formarea pluralului:
a) pluralul cu "-s"

Exemple:
a dog ---> two dogs
a school ---> two schools
a car ---> two cars
a book ---> two books

b) pluralul cu "-es" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -s, -x, -z, -ch, -sh)

Exemple:
a bus ---> two buses
a fax ---> two faxes
a church ---> two churches

Atentie:
a tomato ---> two tomatoes
a potato ---> two potatoes

dar
radio ---> radios
photo ---> photos

c) pluralul cu "-ies" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -y)

Exemple:
lady ---> ladies
baby ---> babies
fly ---> flies

dar:
day ---> days
boy ---> boys

Reguli:
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o consoana, pluralul se va
face in -ies
- pentru substantivele care se termina in y precedat de o vocala, pluralul se va face
in -s

d) pluralul cu "-ves" (pentru substantivele care au terminatia in -f sau -fe)

Exemple:
leaf ---> leaves
calf ---> calves
shelf ---> shelves
wife ---> wives
wolf ---> wolves

Exceptii:
chief ---> chiefs
proof ---> proofs
belief ---> beliefs

e) pluralele neregulate

Exemple:
child ---> children
man ---> men
woman ---> women
foot ---> feet
goose ---> geese
mouse ---> mice
tooth ---> teeth

f) substantive invariabile care nu primesc "-s"

Exemple:
deer (cerb)
duck (rata)
sheep (oaie)
trout (pastrav)
fish (peste)
fruit (fructe)

g) substantivele cu sens colectiv care nu au forma de plural

Exemple:
advice (sfat)
baggage (bagaj)
luggage (bagaje)
information (informatii)
furniture (mobila)
people (oameni)
crowd (multime)
police (politie)

h) pluralul substantivelor proprii

Exemple:
the Browns
the Johnsons
the Thompsons
D. Substantive compuse
Exemple:
classroom
schoolboy
schoolgirl
blackboard
dining-room
breakfast

Exercitii:
1. Alcatuiti pluralul urmatoarelor substantive:

table --->
clock --->
leaf --->
gentleman --->
baby --->
tooth --->
friend --->
city --->
life --->
chief --->

2. Inlocuiti substantivele urmatoare cu pronumele personal potrivit:

the girl ---

the dog ---
the actor ---
the schoolboy ---
the pencil ---
the grandmother ---

3. Alcatuiti cat mai multe substantive compuse cu ajutorul urmatoarelor cuvinte:

dining, bird, school, class, kinder, mate, room, boy, father, black, book, girl, board,
living, garden, note, exercise, parents, grand.
ADJECTIVUL:
Adjectivele in limba engleza au urmatoarele caracteristici:
a) nu variaza dupa gen si numar
b) se aseaza inaintea substantivelor

Exemplu:
a good cake ---> good cakes

A. Tipuri de adjective
• opinion adjectives (adjective de opinie): descriu ceea ce credem despre cineva sau
ceva.

Exemple: beautiful, great, nice, expensive, cheap, ugly etc.

• fact adjectives (adjective de fapt): descriu ceea ce fiintele sau obiectele

determinate sunt cu adevarat

Exemple: short, large, long, green, round etc.

! Adjectivele de opinie stau inaintea adjectivelor de fapt

B. Adjectivul demonstrativ
Desemneaza fiinte sau lucruri pe care le aratam precizand in acelasi timp
apropierea sau departarea in timp sau spatiu.

Forme:
• singular:
- this (acest, aceasta)
- that (acel, acea)

• plural:
- these (acesti, aceste)
- those (acei, acele)

Exemple:
This man is a doctor.
That girl is a pupil.
These children are small.
Those boys are playing in the scoolyard.
C. Adjectivul posesiv
Desemneaza raportul de posesie dintre un posesor si ceea ce acesta poseda:

Forme:
• singular:
- my (meu, mea, mei, mele)
- your (tau, ta, tai, tale)
- his (lui, sau, sa, sai, sale)
- her (ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)
- its (lui, ei, sau, sa, sai, sale)

• plural:
- our (nostru, noastra, nostri, noastre)
- your (vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre)
- their (lor)

Exemple:
This is my house.
It is his car.
That is our shop.
Those are your books.
D. Comparativul adjectivelor
a) Comparativul de egalitate / inferioritate:
"as ... as" (tot atat de / la fel de)
"not as ... as" (nu atat de / nu la fel de)
"not so ... as" (nu atat de / nu la fel de)

Exemple:
She is as pretty as her mother.
He is not as tall as his brother.

b) Comparativ de superioritate:
- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-er" la finalul
adjectivului respectiv
- pentru adjective lungi, acestea sunt precedate de adverbul "more"

Exemple:
tall ---> taller
(inalt ---> mai inalt)
slim ---> slimmer
(slab ---> mai slab)
fast ---> faster
(rapid ---> mai rapid)
big ---> bigger
(man ---> mai mare)

beautiful ---> more beautiful

(frumos ---> mai frumos)
interesting ---> more interesting
interesant ---> mai interesant
difficult ---> more difficult
dificil ---> mai dificil
E. Superlativul adjectivelor
- pentru adjective scurte (monosilabice) se adauga terminatia "-est" la adjectivul
precedat de "the"

- pentru adjective lungi, acestea vor fi precedate de "the most"

Exemple:
the tallest (cel mai inalt)
the slimmest (cel mai slab)
the fastest (cel mai rapid)
the biggest (cel mai mare)

the most beautiful (cel mai frumos)

the most interesting (cel mai interesant)
the most difficult (cel mai dificil)

F. Comparative si superlative neregulate

bad worse the worst rau
good better the best bun
far farther (further) the farthest (the furthest) indepartat
much more the most mult
old older (elder) the oldest (the eldest) batran

Exercitii:
1. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
a) Aceasta masina este rosie.
b) Acele fete sunt in clasa intai.
c) Acei barbati sunt doctori.
d) Aceasta este clasa mea.
e) Acela este cainele ei.
f) Acestea sunt caietele noastre.

2. Completati spatiile libere de mai jos, cu forma corecta a adjectivelor, la gradul de

comparatie indicat:

Adjectiv ComparativSuperlativ
bad worse ..................
fast faster ..................
good better ..................
cheap .................. the cheapest
beautiful .................. the most beautiful
thin thinner ..................
fat .................. the fattest
3. Potriviti adjectivele la substantivele respective:
cold blouse

nice hair

beautiful weather

long girl

delicious dance

traditional food
Adverbe

A. Adverbe de mod
- arata modul in care se petrece o actiune

Mod de formare:
- de obicei, aceste adverbe se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ly la finalul unui
adjective.

Exemple:
beautiful ---> beautifully
sad ---> sadly
capable ---> capably
slow ---> slowly
easy ---> easily
B. Adverbe de loc
- arata locul in care se petrece o actiune

Exemple:
here, there, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, outside, inside
C. Adverbe de timp
- arata timpul in care se petrece o actiune

Exemple:
today, yesterday, tomorrow, Saturday, Monday, now, finally, later, soon, just, still
D. Adverbe de durata
- arata perioada de timp a unei actiuni

Exemple:
forever, shortly, long, permanently

E. Adverbe de comparatie
- arata gradul de intensitate al unei actiuni

Exemple:
extremely, greatly, hugely, partially, perfectly, strongly, totally, almost, very, entirely
F. Adverbe de frecventa
- arata gradul de repetabilitate al unei actiuni

Exemple:
always, constantly, often, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, rarely,
never
G. Adverbe de probabilitate
- arata gradul de probabilitate a unei actiuni
Exemple:
certainly, perhaps, maybe, possibly, definitely
Exercitii:
1. Cunoscand urmatoarele procente corespunzatoare adverbelor de frecventa,
realizati propozitiile de mai jos, conform modelului.
never ---> 0%
rarely ---> 10%
sometimes ---> 25%
often ---> 50%
usually ---> 75%
always ---> 100%

Exemplu:
Sam / have / shower / evening (75%)
Sam usually has shower in the evening.

a) I / eat / cake / afternoon. (25%)

b) Tim / sleep / living - room (50%)
c) I / go / school / Sunday (0%)
d) Dennis / play / tennis / weekends (100%)
e) She / run / park / morning (10%)

2. Transformati urmatoarele adjective in adverbe:

horrible --->
careful --->
nervous --->
desperate --->
slow --->
sudden --->
bright --->
proud --->

3. Subliniati termenul corect din urmatoarele propozitii:

a) Denisa was wearing a pretty / prettily dress at the wedding.
b) I had a terrible / terribly dream last night.
c) Final / Finally, she passed the exam.
d) She was walking rapid / rapidly.
e) Sam is fluent / fluently in French.
f) Was your grammar test easy / easily?
g) They were talking loud / loudly so everybody could hear them.

4) Alegeti varianta corecta:

1. Please don't talk so .................... . I'm trying to sleep.
a) louder; b) loudest; c) loudly
2. We .................... go on picnics on weekends. We love fresh air.
a) never; b) usually; c) seldom
3. The bouquet was .................... . She loved it.
a) beautiful; b) beautifully; c) ugly.
4. James .................... put the broken glass into the rubbish bin.
a) careful; b) more carefully; c) carefully

Prepozitia
A. Prepozitii de miscare
- arata miscarea

Exemple:
to, through, across

to - utilizam "to" pentru a arata deplasarea catre o destinatie anume.

Exemplu:
I went to Chicago two years ago.

through - utilizam "through" pentru a sugera deplasarea dintr-o parte in alta a unui
spatiu inchis.

Exemplu:
The cars went through the tunnel.

across - utilizam "across" pentru a sugera miscarea dintr-o parte in alta a unei
suprafete.

Exemplu:
She flew across the sea.

Alte prepozitii de miscare:

along, down, over, off, round, into

B. Prepozitii de loc
- arata locul in care se situeaza obiectele definite

Exemple:
at, on, in

at - folosim "at" pentru a arata un anumit loc sau o anumita pozitie.

Exemplu:
Someone is at the door.

on - folosim "on" pentru a arata pozitia pe o suprafata verticala sau orizontala.

Exemplu:
The dog is on the roof.

in - folosim "in" pentru a arata ca un anumit obiect este imprejmuit sau inchis.
Exemplu:
The parrot is in the cage.

Alte prepozitii de loc:

after, among, behind, between, in front of, next to, beside, by, over, above, under,
below.
C. Prepozitii de timp
- pentru a specifica timpul unei actiuni

Exemple:
at, on, in

at - pentru a arata timpul exact.

Exemplu:
She left at 7.00 a.m.

on - pentru anumite date sau zile

Exemple:
She arrived on Monday.
Her birthday is on 23rd of October.

in - pentru o perioada de timp nespecificata, necunoscuta din timpul unui an, zi,
luna, anotimp.

Exemple:
It is very cold in Winter.
I left Romania in 1989.

Alte prepozitii de timp:

after, by, since, during, for, throughout
Exercitii:
1. Completati cu prepozitia corecta:
of, on, at, to, with, in, for, along

1) His t-shirt has a picture ______ it.

2) The queen ______ England wanted to wear golden dress at her wedding.
3) I went ______ Brussels last week.
4) She spent the afternoon ______ her friends.
5) We walked ______ the banks of River Seine.
6) She's been waiting ______ me for about four hours.
7) What's the weather like ______ Paris?
8) She was ______ the cinema last evening.
2. Traduceti in limba engleza:

1) Mihaela a plecat la munte la ora 8 dimineata.

2) Statuia este in fata stadionului.
3) In spatele operei se afla un hotel.
4) Trenul a trecut prin tunel foarte rapid.
5) Lui Philip ii place sa zboare deasupra oceanului.

3. Completati spatiile libere cu prepozitia corecta:

in, on, at, to

1) They live ____ Dubai.

2) We are staying ____ a nice hotel.
3) Philip always plays tennis ____ the afternoon.
4) They where very close ____ their cat.
5) We got ____ the first train to Sibiu.
6) Romania is ____ Europe.
7) You are going ____ a city tour tomorrow.

PREZENTUL SIMPLU
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv
(la persoana a III-a singular se adauga terminatia „-s" sau „-es")

Exemple:
1. I go to school every day.
2. He reads a book every month.
3. She lives in Bucharest.

Interogativ:
Do / Does (pers.III, sg.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv

Exemple:
1. Do you go to school every day?
2. Does he read a book every month?
3. Does she live in Bucharest?

Negativ:
Subiect + do / does (pers.III, sg.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv
Se folosesc adesea contractiile don't (do + not) si doesn't (does + not)

Exemple:
1. I don't go to school every day.
2. He doesn't read a book every month.
3. She doesn't live in Bucharest.

B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana
a III-a singular
! La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia „-s" la persoana a III-a singular la
afirmativ

Exemple:
I talk – He talks
I work – He works
I sleep – He sleeps

! Verbelelor care se termina in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o li se adauga terminatia „-es"

Exemple:
I kiss – He kisses
I wish – He wishes
I catch – He catches
I mix – He mixes
I go – He goes

! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o consoana, se inlocuieste litera

y cu litera i, iar apoi se adauga terminatia „-es"

Exemple:
I fly – He flies
I study – He studies
I cry – He cries

! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o vocala, se adauga terminatia

„-s"

Exemple:
I pay – He pays
I stay – He stays
I play – He plays
C. Folosim Prezentul Simplu pentru:
• activitati zilnice, saptamanale, lunare, anuale
Exemple:
I go to the mountains every month.
We have breakfast at 7.30 every morning.

• obiceiuri, hobby-uri
Exemple:
She plays tennis in her free time.
In the summer, they go to the seaside.

• situatii permanente
Exemplu:
He lives in Paris. I work as a manager.

• a exprima actiuni care respecta un anumit program

Exemple:
The bus for Bucharest lives at 12.15 on Monday.
I have Maths Friday at 11.30.

• situatii emotionale
Exemple:
I love my girlfriend very much.
He hates cats.

• adevaruri generale
Exemple:
The earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100°C.
D. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Simplu:
every day/ week/ month/ year etc., every morning/ evening/ afternoon/ night,
usually, always, sometimes, often, never, in the morning/evening/night etc.

Exemple:
1. He goes to the gim every day.
2. I play football every week.
3. We go to the dentist every year.
4. She watches TV every evening.
5. She usually studies hard for her exams.
6. I always do my homework.
7. He sometimes goes shopping.
8. I often play pool with my friends.
9. She never go to school by bus.
10. In the evening we play Monopoly.
Exercitii:
1. Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular. Consultati mai intai
exemplul:
Exemplu:
They live in Craiova. (He)
He lives in Craiova, too.

1. I fly from Bucharest to Rome every week. (Mary)

2. We usually play in the park. (John)
3. They like their jobs very much. (He)
4. I want a new car. (She)
5. You wake up at 7 o'oclock. (Paul)
6. You always wash the dishes. (Angela)
7. We watch TV every afternoon. (Tom)
8. I go to school by bus. (My brother)
9. You cook every Saturday. (My mother)
10. We study hard for our exams. (Mark)

2. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:

Exemplu:
You like swimming.
Do you like swimming?

1. He lives in Bucharest.
2. You wear an uniform at school.
3. My father drives very well.
4. Mr. Smith teaches English.
5. You like pizza and hamburgers.
6. My neighbour works as an engineer.
7. Your father repairs the car every month.
8. We drink coffee every morning.
9. Mary pays her bills every month.
10. He goes to bed very early every evening.

3. Folositi forma negativa pentru propozitiile urmatoare, folosind cuvintele din

paranteze, la fel ca in exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
I like Maths. (Physics)
I like Maths, but I don't like Physics

1. Mary writes postcards. (letters)

2. I go to the cinema. (theatre)
3. They read newspapers. (books)
4. You study French. (English)
5. Mr. Brown works in an office. (at home)
6. I like football. (rugby)
7. He drives a car. (a lorry)
8. Dan and John travel by train. (plane)
9. We drink tea. (coffee)
10. She plays chess every day. (tennis)

4. Formulati propozitii folosind conjunctia but:

Exemple:
I watch TV every evening. (John)
I watch TV every evening, but John doesn't.
He doesn't speak French. (they)
He doesn't speak French, but they do.

1. Julia washes the dishes. (I)

2. He doesn't want to go to the seaside. (his girlfriend)
3. I go to the cinema every week. (they)
4. She doesn't swim. (her sister)
5. We have breakfast early in the morning. (Paul)
6. I don't play football. (my best friend)
7. Me and my brother play on the computer. (Michael)
8. John doesn't read the newspaper every day. (we)
9. My mother likes to go shopping. (I)
10. You don't travel by plane. (she)

5. Adauga propozitiilor de mai jos adverbele din paranteze:

Exemplu:
I have lunch at 12 o'clock. (always)
I always have lunch at 12 o'clock.

1. My sister gets up at 10 o'clock. (usually)

2. We play football on Sundays. (sometimes)
3. I go out with a stranger. (never)
4. She listens to music in the evening. (always)
5. He goes to school by bus. (often)
6. I eat a hamburger in the morning. (never)
7. I read the newspaper in the evening. (usually)
8. In the morning I play on the computer. (sometimes)
9. Mother washes the dishes in the evening. (always)
10. They go skiing in the winter. (often)

PREZENTUL CONTINUU:
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia
"-ing"

Exemple:
1. I'm writing an article now.
2. They are playing football.
3. She is having lunch at this moment.

Interogativ:
To be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia
"-ing"

Exemple:
1. Am I writing an article now?
2. Are they playing football?
3. Is she having lunch at this moment?

Negativ:
Subiect + to be (conjugat in functie de persoana) + not + Verbul la infinitiv +
terminatia "-ing"
Se folosesc adesea contractiile isn't (is + not) si aren't (are + not)

Exemple:
1. I'm not writing an article now.
2. They aren't playing football.
3. She isn't having lunch at this moment

B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s" sau „-es" la afirmativ pentru persoana
a III-a singular
! La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia „-ing" fara nici o modificare:

Exemple:
play – playing
try – trying
drink – drinking
sing - singing
go - going
draw - drawing
cook - cooking
learn - learning
send - sending
wash - washing
! La verbele care se termina in litera e precedata de o consoana, se renunta la litera
e si se adauga terminatia "-ing"

Exemple:
make – making
come – coming
leave – leaving

! La verbele formate dintr-o singura silaba (monosilabice) care se termina intr-o

consoana precedata de o vocala, se dubleaza consoana si apoi se adauga terminatia
"-ing"

Exemple:
get – getting
sit – sitting
hit – hitting
C. Folosim Prezentul Continuu pentru:
• activitati care se petrec in momentul vorbirii
Exemple:
She is watching TV now.
Mother is washing the dishes at this moment.

• actiuni care se desfasoara pe o perioada mai mare de timp, incluzand si momentul

vorbirii
Exemple:
John is studying Maths for his exam.
My brother is writing a book.

• a vorbi despre o intalnire sau despre un aranjament din viitorul apropiat

Exemple:
He is flying to New York next week.
I'm meeting Susan next Sunday.
D. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Continuu:
now, at this moment, these days, this week, today, tonight etc.

Exemple:
1. Paul is repairing his car now.
2. I'm having lunch at this moment.
3. He is working hard for a project these days.
4. They are going to the basketball game this week.
5. I'm writing a letter today.
6. I'm watching TV tonight.
Exercitii:
1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Prezentul Continuu:
Exemplu:
Diana (play) with Tim now.
Diana is playing with Tim now.

1. Everybody (wear) blue T-shirts today.

2. I (listen) to classic music at this moment.
3. What (do) mother in the kitchen?
4. We (organize) a study trip this week.
5. Our colleagues (plan) a surprise party for John's birthday these days.
6. I (meet) with my best friend at the cinema tonight.
7. My father (work) in the garage now.
8. This week, you (go) to the theatre with your geography teacher.
9. At this moment, in Bucharest, it (rain).
10. My friends (travel) to Egypt this week.

2. Corectati afirmatiile false ca in exemplul urmator:

Exemplu:
Jim is playing basketball. (watch TV)
No, Jim is not playing basketball. Jim is watching TV.

1. Mother is cooking at this moment. (iron)

2. My brother is learning English now. (study French)
3. All my colleagues are working hard for their final exams these days. (plan their
holiday)
4. The cat is climbing the tree now. (eat a mouse)
5. I am taking some photos for my album. (read a book)
6. You are drinking Coke Cola now. (drink a coffee)
7. Joana is swimming in the pool. (play voleyball on the beach)
8. I am making an apple-pie now. (do my homeworks)
9. It is raining today. (snow)
10. We are riding by bycicle to school. (go by bus)

3. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:

Exemplu:
I am having lunch at this moment.
Am I having lunch at this moment?

1. We are playing cards.

2. Mother is washing dishes.
3. My brother is reading a newspaper.
4. We are serving breakfast.
5. They are decorating the Christmas tree.
6. My family is planning a trip to Maldive Islands these days.
7. Father is sleeping in the bedroom.
8. You are watching a horror movie.
9. Your sister is doing her homeworks.
10. I am sending a postcard in France now.
4. Alegeti varianta corecta la Prezentul Continuu:

1. We ............... basketball in the schoolyard.

a) play; b) prepare; c) ski
2. They ............... a movie in the dining-room.
a) watch; b) play; c) eat
3. My friends and I ............... some flowers in the garden.
a) read; b) water; c) travel
4. I ............... my homeworks at Maths.
a) do; b) make; c) give
5. You ............... a novel to your little brother.
a) read; b) create; c) put
6. The poet ............... a poem about love at this moment.
a) create; b) give; c) look
7. I ............... after my lost cat.
a) look; b) search; c) spend
8. ........ we ............... to the cinema tonight?
a) go; b) watch; c) eat
9. The sun ............... brightly.
a) show; b) shine; c) rain
10. My friends ............... on a picnic without me.
a) go; b) play; c) read

5. Corectati forma gresita a verbului:

1. I am makeing an apple-pie.
2. Mary is comeing from Italy today.
3. We are siting in the living-room.
4. He is geting off the bus at the first station.
5. My brother isn't writeing poems.
6. You aren't plaing with kids.
7. They are leaveing Bucharest tomorrow evening.
8. He is comeing tonight to see me.
9. She is haveing lunch at this moment.
10. Are you flyng to New York next week?
TRECUTUL SIMPLU

A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + Vb.II (terminatia "-ed" pentru verbele regulate)

Exemple:
1. I wrote a book last year.
2. He went to a football game last week.
3. We played in the park yesterday.

Interogativ:
Did + Subiect + Vb.I?

Exemple:
1. Did you write a book last year?
2. Did he go to a football game last week?
3. Did you play in the park yesterday?

Negativ:
Subiect + didn't + Vb.I

Exemple:
1. I didn't write a book last year.
2. He didn't go to a football game last week.
3. We didn't play in the park yesterday.
B. Folosim Trecutul Simplu pentru:

• activitati terminate care s-au petrecut in trecut

Exemple:
She was in France 2 years ago.
We bought a new washing machine 2 weeks ago.

• actiuni incheiate care s-au petrecut la un moment determinat in trecut

Exemple:
They were in England in 1981.
I left Bucharest in april 1994.
C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Trecutul Simplu:
yesterday, at this time yesterday, 2 days ago, 2 months ago, last year, last week, the
day before yesterday

Exemple:
1. Diana went in Belgium 3 years ago.
2. I was having lunch at this time yesterday.
3. They played football 2 hours ago.
4. Paul taught English and French 3 months ago.
5. She left town the day before yesterday.
Exercitii:
1. Scrieti forma corecta a verbului din paranteza la Trecutul Simplu:

1. I (watch) a horror movie yesterday evening.

2. Mary (play) in the garden with her dog yesterday morning.
3. Two days ago, John (go) with his mother at the doctor.
4. Mary (talk) a lot during the French lesson.
5. My mother (wash) many clothes yesterday evening.
6. I (do not enjoy) the movie from last night.
7. I (solve) the Math problem very quickly.
8. I (prepare) my luggage yesterday.
9. I (be) at school when you called me.
10. When you were young, you (live) in the countryside.

2. Folositi cuvintele din paranteze pentru a realiza propozitii negative precum in

exemplu:
Exemplu:
Mary liked the apple pie. (the soup)
Mary liked the apple pie, but she didn't like the soup.

1. I played in the schoolyard. (in the garden)

2. My friend went to the mountain. (to the seaside)
3. I travelled abroad 2 days ago. (1 month ago)
4. Yesterday I visited Mr. Peterson. (Mrs Smith)
5. During lunch, I listened a football game on the radio. (music)
6. You called me at 10 o'clock a.m. (12 o'clock)
7. I arrived at home early in the morning. (in the afternoon)
8. You received a computer on your birthday. (a car)
9. It rained 2 days ago. (last week)
10. Mike repaired his car. (bicycle)

3. Treceti la Trecutul Simplu verbele neregulate de mai jos, precum in exemplu:

Exemplu:
I leave school at 2 o'clock yesterday.
I left school at 2 o'clock yesterday.

1. I eat a delicious soup at the restaurant 2 days ago.

2. My family buy a new car 3 months ago.
3. I read a very interesting novel yesterday evening.
4. Mary speak with her English teacher last week, about her exams.
5. Last Monday, John write to his mother a letter.
6. Last winter, I make a beautiful snowman in front of the house.
7. You give your sister a necklace for her birthday.
8. Last year, Tim become a doctor.
9. Mrs. Thompson teach Spanish and English every Monday and Wednesday.
10. Father come from the office late at noon.

4. Treceti urmatoarele verbe la Trecutul Simplu:

Exemple:
I see
I saw

I watch
I watched

1. I sleep
2. He plays
3. He run
4. You speak
5. They don't read
6. He doesn't feel
7. I meet
8.He catches
9. You wake up
10. They leave

5. Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari conform precizarilor din paranteze (vezi

exemplu)
Exemplu:
When did she leave Bucharest? (2 years ago)
She left Bucharest 2 years ago.

1. Where did you sleep last night? (at Cathy's)

2. When did you read this book? (3 weeks ago)
3. When did you find out about Susan's problems? (last Monday)
4. Where did you meet your friends? (in the park)
5. When did she study French (2 years ago)
6. Where did he work last year (in a bank)
7. When did they divorce? (4 years ago)
8. How did she die? (in a train accident)
9. Who was Mihai Eminescu? (a Romanian poet)
10. When was he born? (in 1973)

TRECUTUL CONTINUU:
A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia
"-ing"

Exemple:
1. I was learning a poem at this time yesterday.
2. You were watering the flowers at this time yesterday.
3.They were mending the radio at this time yesterday.

Interogativ:
Was (pers.I/III sg) / Were (restul pers.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv + terminatia
"-ing"

Exemple:
1. Was I learning a poem at this time yesterday?
2. Were you watering the flowers at this time yesterday?
3. Were they mending the radio at this time yesterday?

Negativ:
Subiect + was (pers.I/III sg) / were (restul pers.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv +
terminatia "-ing"
Se folosesc adesea contractiile wasn't (was + not) si weren't (were + not)

Exemple:
1. I wasn't learning a poem at this time yesterday.
2. You weren't watering the flowers at this time yesterday.
3.They weren't mending the radio at this time yesterday.

B. Folosim Trecutul Continuu pentru:

• a exprima o actiune in desfasurare ce a avut loc in trecut
Exemple:
She was playing in her room at this time yesterday.
They were listening music at this time last Saturday.

• a exprima o actiune repetata de-a lungul unei perioade de timp

Exemple:
Did she ask any questions?
Oh, she was asking questions all the time.
Did he buy any sweets?.
Oh, he was buying sweets all the time.
C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Trecutul Continuu:
at this time yesterday, from ... to ..., all day, for ...

Exemple:
1. Tom was typing some letters at this time yesterday .
2. She was playing quitar from 6 to 8 o'clock.
3. They were laughing all day.
4. She was living in an old building for 6 years.

Exercitii:
1. Spune ce facea fiecare pe vremea aceasta, martea trecuta:
Exemplu:
Father was in the living-room. (watch)
Father was watching TV.

1. My mother was in the kitchen. (cook)

2. Daniel was in the garden. (water flowers)
3. Grandma was in the bedroom. (sleep)
4. Their friends were at the disco. (dance)
5. Aunt Mary and uncle John were in the garage. (repair car)

2. Ieri dimineata, toti elevii din clasa a sasea erau in clasa si se pregateau pentru
testul de la matematica. Spune ce facea fiecare cand a intrat profesorul.
Exemplu:
Ana and Mary / clean the blackboard.
Ana and Mary were cleaning the blackboard.

1. Christian / talk to his deskmate.

2. Victor / repeat some geometry formulas.
3. Diana and Helen / look at some exercises.
4. George / read the math lesson.
5. Andreea / write her homework.

3. Treceti verbele la Trecutul Continuu:

Exemplu:
We are reading Shakespeare now.
We were reading Shakespeare at this time yesterday, too.

1. Father is fixing the car in the garage.

2. Timothy is painting the wall now.
3. Granpa and Grandma are watching a movie now.
4. Students are learning new Spanish words now.
5. The boys are trying to fix a bicycle now.

4. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu:

Exemplu:
She (sing) for 2 hours yesterday.
She was singing for 2 hours yesterday.

1. Tom (practice) in the language lab from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. yesterday.

2. Mother (cook) all day yesterday.
3. My friends (watch) TV for 6 hours yesterday.
4. Pupils (study) Spanish from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m..
5. From 3 to 5 I (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.

5. Treceti verbele din paranteze la Trecutul Continuu. Aceste verbe exprima o

actiune trecuta care a avut loc o perioada mai lunga de timp.
Exemplu:
I (work) in a restaurant in the centre of the city.
I was working in a restaurant in the centre of the city.

1. I (live) in an old building.

2. Mother (visit) me twice a week.
3. I (share) my room with 2 girls.
4. I (work) on Saturdays twice a month.
5. I had a very good friend, Tom, and he (work) in the same restaurant with me.

PREZENTUL PERFECT SIMPLU:

A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la forma a III-a

Exemple:
1. I have washed her blouse.
2. He has written his homework.
3. We have learnt our English lesson.

Interogativ:
Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + vb. la forma a III-a

Exemple:
1. Have I washed her blouse?
2. Has he written his homework?
3. Have we learnt our English lesson?

Negativ:
Subiect + have/has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la forma a III-a
Se folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)

Exemple:
1. I haven't washed her blouse.
2. He hasn't written his homework.
3. We haven't learnt our English lesson.

B. Folosim Prezentul Perfect Simplu pentru:

• a exprima o actiune incheiata de curand, dar nu se cunoaste cu exactitate
momentul incheierii acesteia
Exemple:
I have cooked a delicious steak.
They have finished their homeworks.

• a exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent; efectele

actiunii se resimt si in prezent
Exemple:
I have lived here since 1994.
We have started classes for 3 hours.
C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Perfect Simplu:
already, just, yet
Exemple:
1. He has already finished his classes.
2. Tom has just spoken on the phone with Mary.
3. They haven't written the exercise yet.

never, ever, often

Exemple:
1. I have never heard such a thing.
2. Have you ever read this news?
3. I have often travelled by car to the countryside.

ever and before

Exemplu:
Have you ever heard this song before?

for and since

Exemple:
1. I've had my own car for four years.
2. She has been ill since yesterday.

until now, so far, up to now

Exemple:
1. I haven't had any Math problems up to now.
2. So far, he hasn't complained about his wage.
3. Until now, I haven't heard about this English singer.
Exercitii:
1. Pune verbele din paranteza la Prezentul Perfect Simplu, ca in exemplul de mai
jos:
Exemplu:
Tom .......... (write) .......... his homework.
Tom has just written his homework.

1. I .......... (fix) .......... my car.

2. Father .......... (leave) .......... home.
3. They .......... (arrive) .......... to the theatre.
4. We .......... (see) .......... our Math teacher.
5. He .......... (begin) .......... to cry.

2. Construieste propozitii la timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, cu ajutorul expresiilor

din paranteza, ca in exemplele de mai jos:
Exemple:
I .......... arrive .......... home. (just)
I have just arrived home.
He .......... paint .......... this picture. (never)
He has never painted this picture.
They .......... do .......... their homeworks. (yet)
They haven't done their homeworks yet.
1. Mary .......... cook .......... the soup. (already)
2. John and Tom .......... watch .......... TV. (just)
3. We .......... close .......... this window. (never)
4. Pupils .......... miss .......... the English class. (never)
5. You .......... lie .......... to your mother. (often)

3. Raspunde la urmatoarele intrebari folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu, ca in

exemplele de mai jos:
Exemple:
Have you ever heard this song before? (never)
We have never heard this song before.
Have you ever eaten this food before? (often)
We have often eaten this food.

1. Has he ever spoken to his cousin before? (never)

2. Have they ever played football? (often)
3. Have you ever lied to your mother? (never)
4. Has she ever skated before? (often)
5. Have you ever drunk whisky? (never)

4. Construieste intrebari si raspunsuri ca in exemplul de mai jos:

Exemplu:
drive the car
Have you driven the car yet?
I'm afraid I haven't driven it yet.

1. have breakfast
2. buy the buster
3. send the letter
4. clean the bathroom
5. wash the dishes

5. Completeaza urmatoarele propozitii ca in exemplul de mai jos, folosind timpul

Prezent Perfect Simplu:
Exemplu:
This is the most beautiful girl I .......... (see)
This is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.

1. That is the most interesting movie he .......... (see)

2. This is the best book she .......... (read)
3. This is the biggest mall they .......... (visit)
4. These are the most attractive souvenirs they .......... (buy)
5. Those are the most wonderful monuments they .......... (see)
PREZENTUL PERFECT CONTINUU:

A. Mod de formare
Afirmativ:
Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"

Exemple:
1. I have been waiting for your reply since yesterday.
2. He has been sending me letters for 3 months.
3. We have been crying for 3 hours.

Interogativ:
Have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + Subiect + been + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"

Exemple:
1. Have I been waiting for your reply since yesterday?
2. Has he been sending me letters for 3 months?
3. Have we been crying for 3 hours?

Negativ:
Subiect + have / has (pers. a III-a sg.) + not + vb. la infinitiv + terminatia "-ing"
Se folosesc adesea contractiile haven't (have + not) si hasn't (has + not)

Exemple:
1. I haven't been waiting for your reply since yesterday.
2. He hasn't been sending me letters for 3 months.
3. We haven't been crying for 3 hours.

B. Folosim Prezentul Perfect Continuu pentru:

• a exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut si care nu s-a incheiat inca

Exemple:
She has been eating for ten minutes.
They have been working for several hours.

• a descrie stari sau sentimente care au inceput in trecut si au continuat de-a lungul
unei perioade de timp si sunt inca prezente in momentul vorbirii
Exemple:
I have lived here since 1994.
We have started classes for 3 hours.
C. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Perfect Continuu:
since
Exemplu:
You have been living in Paris since 1996.

for
Exemplu:
They have been watching TV for 3 hours.

so far
Exemplu:
So far, there have been arriving 10 passengers from London.

ever
Exemplu:
Have you ever been listening to the radio?

never
Exemplu:
I have never been travelling to France until now.
Exercitii:
1. Pune verbele din paranteza la timpul Prezentul Perfect Continuu, ca in exemplul
de mai jos:
Exemplu:
I (travel) abroad for 2 weeks.
I have been travelling abroad for 2 weeks.

1. He (write) poems since 1997.

2. The children (draw) this map for half an hour.
3. The pupil (recite) the poem for ten minutes.
4. I (study) English for 4 years.
5. Sarah (do) her homework for 2 hours.

2. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind FOR + the last + Prezentul Perfect

Continuu, ca in exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
He began watching TV 2 hours ago.
He has been watching TV for the last 2 hours.

1. We began watering the flowers 2 days ago.

2. Paul and Jim began writing their homework half an hour ago.
3. Mother began going to the doctor 3 months ago.
4. Father began cooking for his family 10 minutes ago.
5. The poet began composing that poem 1 month ago.

3. Pune la forma interogativa a timpului Prezent Perfect Continuu, propozitiile de

mai jos:
Exemplu:
He has been listening to the radio for 1 hour.
Has he been listening to the radio for 1 hour?

1. Children have been staying in the bus for 10 hours.

2. Pupils have been playing in the schoolgarden since noon.
3. The detective has been investigating this case since 2000.
4. The theatre show has been starting for 3 hours.
5. I have been watching "Young & Restless" since 2001.

4. Completeaza spatiile goale cu "FOR" si "SINCE". Pune verbele din paranteza la

Prezentul Perfect Continuu:
Exemplu:
Helen (study) English .......... last summer.
Heleng has been studying English since last summer.

1. We (talk) about that horrible accident .......... half an hour.

2. She (cook) a chicken soup .......... 1 hour.
3. They (phone) the manager .......... the last five minutes.
4. Mary (live) in Manhattan .......... June 1998.
5. It (rain) .......... morning.

5. Reformuleaza urmatoarele propozitii folosind "SINCE" si Prezentul Perfect

Simplu, ca in exemplul urmator:
Exemplu:
It is raining. It started on Wednesday.
It has been raining since Wednesday.

1. He is crying. He began at noon.

2. Father is sleeping. He went to bed at 9 o'clock in the evening.
3. We are travelling by train. We left Bucharest yesterday evening.
4. The artist is drawing. He started his work in January.
5. We are watching the football game. It began at 8 o'clock.