Compute Sun Azimuth using Sin amplitude only sun/moon at horizon

Date Time (UTC) Sun Azimuth (Obs.) Sun Azimuth (Calc.) C-O Input Position Lat Long Sun Declination True Gyro Magnetic Magnetic error Variation at location Deviation Date Time (UTC) Sun Azimuth (Obs.) Sun Azimuth (Calc.) C-O Input Position Lat Long Sun Declination True Gyro Magnetic Magnetic error Variation at location Deviation 8-Dec-04 17:45 100.0 Gryo 240.5 140.5 Gyro

Formula: Sin Amp = Sin Dec. Sec Lat

38 7.3 S 38.121667 148 18 S 148.3 22 48.2 S 22.803333 84 applied to gyro 61 23 (-ve W, +ve E) or 14.1/2W means is more to West 13 Formula: 10 Deviation = Error +/ - Variation if diff. Name error and variation, minus, else plus 8-Dec-04 17:45 92.0 119.5 27.5 38 7.3 S 38.121667 148 18 S 148.3 22 48.2 S 22.803333 86 63 23 (-ve W, +ve E) 13 Formula: 10 Deviation = Error - Variation

Note : If North hemisphere, Sun rise, 90 - Sin(Amp), Sun set, 270 + Sin(Amp) If South hemispere, Sun rise, 90 + Sin(Amp), Sun set, 270 - Sin(Amp)

W
3W 2E
4E

E 0 90 180 270
1W

360

Sun

Compute Sun Azimuth

Formula Cot_Azimuth cot Az =((cosecLHA Tan Dec) + - (cot LHA Tan Lat)) cos lat If Dec, Lat same name, minus else plus or use ABC Nobies table
When using nobies table to determine AZ. eg. S85W is 180+85, N85W is 360-85, N85E is 85, S85E is 180-85 cot H.A. tan lat as A, cosec H.A tan dec. as B. A +/- B = C
If LHA, Lat same name, plus else minus

A is named opposite to Lat depend on hour angle, see table. B has same name as dec. C is S or N (A +/- B) W or E.
Also LHA is 0-180, sun on West (value W), if 180-360, sun East

Morning Sun Lat (d m) 38 7.5 S Lat (dd) 38.125 Long (d m) 148 20 E LHA = GHA (+ -) Longitude * East plus, West minus GHA 22hr 153 7.1 from Almanac 30m 7 30 + from Almanac Long 148 20 + LHA (d m) 309 -2.9 LHA (dd) 308.9517 Dec (d m) 5 59.8 Dec (dd) 5.997 If Lat and Dec are same name, minus (-), else plus Cot Az 0.392822 Az 68.55399 180 + Az Az 248.554 (Calculated Azimuth)

Afternoon Sun Lat (d m) 21 12.95 S Lat (dd) Long (d m) 114 39.4 E LHA = GHA (+ -) Longitude GHA 10hr 333 9.2 0m 0 0 Long 114 39.4 LHA (d m) 447 48.6 LHA (dd) 87.81 Dec (d m) 6 10.8 Dec (dd) 6.180 If Lat and Dec are same name, minus (-), else plus Cot Az 0.087178 Az 85.01769 180 + Az Az 265.0177 (Calculated Azimuth)

21.21583

Example

Lat (d m) 21 13.4 S Lat (dd) Long (d m) 114 38.7 E LHA = GHA (+ -) Longitude GHA 22hr 153 11.2 0m 1 15 Long 114 38.7 LHA (d m) 268 4.9 LHA (dd) 268.0817 Dec (d m) 6 22.1 Dec (dd) 6.368 If Lat and Dec are same name, minus (-), else plus Cot Az -0.11622 Az -83.3707 180 + Az Az 96.62928

21.22333

To find out moon Az, Alt. Lat (d m) 21 31.88 S Lat (dd) Long (d m) 114 46.99 E LHA = GHA (+ -) Longitude GHA 13hr 184 47.7 40m 9 32.7 Long 114 46.99 LHA (d m) 308 67.39 LHA (dd) 309.1232 Dec (d m) 10 22.2 N Dec (dd) 10.370 If Lat and Dec are same name, minus (-), else plus Cot Az -0.51793 Az -62.6192 360 - Az Az 62.61917 (Calculated Azimuth) Lat (d m) 21 12.46 S Lat (dd) Long (d m) 114 41.5 E LHA = GHA (+ -) Longitude GHA 23hr 330 34 00m 0 0 Long 114 41.5 LHA (d m) 445 15.5 LHA (dd) 85.25833 Dec (d m) 12 27.4 N Dec (dd) 12.457 If Lat and Dec are same name, minus (-), else plus Cot Az 0.236654 Az 76.68566 360 - Az Az 283.3143 (Calculated Azimuth) Lat (d m) 21 12.46 S Lat (dd) 21.53133

21.20767

21.20767

Long (d m) 114 41.5 E LHA = GHA (+ -) Longitude GHA 22hr 315 59.5 44m 10 41.5 Long 114 41.5 LHA (d m) 441 22.5 LHA (dd) 81.375 Dec (d m) 12 24.2 N Dec (dd) 12.403 If Lat and Dec are same name, minus (-), else plus Cot Az 0.262247 Az 75.30526 360 - Az Az 284.6947 (Calculated Azimuth)

Meridian Pass for Sun 11 7 4 8 12 Sun at Zenith. 47 38 8 0 8 0 48 12 0 12 UTC from Nautical Almanac (-ve) from longitude divide 15 to get hms UTC GMT +8 Time Local

Formula LHA = GHA +/- Long If W, minus, E, plus GHA star = GHA Aries + SHA star. Local mean times (LMT) UT = LMT +/- Long If W, plus, E, minus Longitude need to be converted to time, Long/15=Hr.

Sin_Az formula Sin Az = Sin LHA * Cos Dec * Sec Alt or Sin Az = Sin LHA * Cos Dec * Cosec Zd.

Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3

Cos Zd = ((cos LHA * cos Lat * Cos Dec)+/- (Sin Lat * Sin Dec)) or Sin Alt if Lat & Dec same name, plus else minus True Alt. Is the sextant observe altitude angle Lat (d m) 21 12.95 S Long (d m) 114 39.4 E LHA = GHA (+ -) Longitude GHA 10hr 333 9.2 0m 0 0 Long 114 39.4 LHA (d m) 447 48.6 LHA (dd) 87.81 Dec (d m) 6 10.8 Dec (dd) 6.180 Cos Zd Zd Alt Sextant Alt S.Alt Index Error Obs. Alt Hgt. Eye App.Alt Total Corr. True Alt. else is away.
Sun

Lat (dd)

21.21583

0.074374 85.73475 4.265248

or

4.265248

74 74 74 74

44 d m (+) 44 5.6 (-) from Almanac 38.4 15.9 (+) from Almanac 54.3

If true altitude is larger than cal. Alt, then the actual position intercept toward (diff true &cal=min or mile)

Azimuth from sun calc. away towards

position is along the line, need to observe a few others star for confirmation

True

Calculate is assumption position as good as it can be. True is actual position. Thus using sin Az Azimuth 85.01769 Azimuth from sun Azimuth 85.01769 So Az = 265.0177 Note: for N latitude, LHA >180, Az= Az

Formula 1 Formula 2

LHA <180, Az=360-Az for S latitude, LHA >180, Az=180-Az LHA <180, Az=180+Az

Calculating Lat using sun Meridian Pass for Sun 11 7 4 8 12 Sun at Zenith. 47 38 8 0 8 0 48 12 0 12 UTC from Nautical Almanac (-ve) from longitude divide 15 to get hms UTC GMT +8 Time Local

Sextant Alt Index Error Obs. Alt Hgt. Eye App.Alt Total Corr. True Alt. Mer.True ZD Declination Latitude

74 74 74 74 15 6 21

44 d m (-) 44 5.6 (-) from Almanac 38.4 15.9 (+) from Almanac 54.3 5.7 90-True Alt. 5.1 (+) from Almanac 10.8 d m

Declination (S), Latitude (S) Same name, plus, different name, minus

Formula : Lat = Zd +/- Dec.

Dec_n Dec_s Zd_s Zd_s Dec + Zd = Lat