PROJECT OWNER CONSULTANT CUSTOMER CONTRACTOR CONSULTANT DOCUMENT TITLE

: 110KV SWITCHAYRD LAYOUT : PnU ENGINEERING PVT LTD. : M/s. PUNALUR PAPERMILLS LTD. : PnU ENGINEERING PVT LTD. : PnU ENGINEERING PVT LTD. : EARTHING CALCULATION FOR SWITCHYARD

EARTHING CALCULATIONS FOR SWITCHYARD

6/3/2012
DATE

0
Rev : NO

EARTHING CALCULATIONS
DESCRIPTION

KS
DESIGNED

PK
CHECKED

MVLN
APPROVED

DOCUMENT NO :

Sheet 1 of 8

BLOCK1 : 110KV Switchyard Reference Documents a) Electrical resistivity test report at plant site for 110KV Switchyard at Punalur Paper Mills Ltd. b) IEEE80-2000 c) Plant General Layout D) CBIP Manual on substation publication number : 223 1.0 DESIGN BASIS 1) Resistivity data has been taken from the available soil report .

67

37.5M (Fig-1) Power Plant

Length of the area = 70 m Width of the area = 40 m Ground Grid Area = 2800 m Assuming conductor spacing D No. of conductors parallel to length side( nl) No. of conductors parallel to width side ( ns)

2.5 m = = 28 16

Therefore buried length in grid area Lc = (nl x width)+(ns x length) Total buried length LC = 2240 M

Sheet 2 of 8

Subject

EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 1X10MW BIOMASS BASED POWER PLANT

1) IEEE 80-2000 2) Soil resistivity Report. 3) CBIP Manual on substation publication number : 223

1.0) Earthing conductor sizing for main earth gridInput data :(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) Conductor material System Voltage Fault Current, If Fault Duration, tc Max. Allowable Temperature, Tm Ambient Temperature, Ta Reference temp for material constant,Tr Thermal Co-eff.of resistivity at reference
Temperature, ar

= = = = = = =

MS 110 31.5 1 500 50 20 kV kA sec

0

C C C

0.0032

(ix)

Resistivity of Ground Conductor at ref.

Temperature, rr

= = =

20.1 3.931 292.5

mW/cm3

(x) (xi)

Thermal Capacity Factor, TCAP

K0 = (1/ar) -Tr

J/cm3/oC

Conductor Size :As per Eq.37 of IEEE Std 80-2000, conductor size is given by
tc ar rr x 104

If ln

TCAP Ko + Tm Ko + Ta

Substituting the input data, we get Conductor size, A

440

sq.mm 32.00318455

By considering 30% corrosion allowance A = 571.893168 mm2 A = 804 mm2 Hence the CONDUCTOR size selected, 32mm Dia Ms Rod.

Sheet 3 of 8

2. CALCULATIONS FOR TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE (Etouch )& STEP VOLTAGE( Estep) 2.1) Input Data :

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv.1) (iv.2) (iv.3) (v) (vi) (vii.1) (vii.2) (vii.3) (vii.4)

System Voltage, Vs System fault Current, If Fault Duration, tc(as per Specification) Length of Earth grid Width of Earth grid Area of Earth grid, A Conductor Size for main grid Depth of burial w.r.t. ground level, h Length of one earth mat conductor Lx Width of one earth mat conductor Ly

= = = = = = = = = =

110 31.5 0.5 70 40 2800 1256 0.6 70 40 100 2340

kV KA sec metre metre sq.metre sq.mm metre metre metre metre metre

Additional length of conductor considered (for interconnecting for power plant earthing system) Grid conductor combined length, Lc =

(viii.1) Total no. of ground rods LA Generator Transformer Towers Switchyard corners Additional ground rods (viii.2) length of each rod in m Lr (viii.3) Total ground rod length, LR LT Effective length of buried conductor = LR + Lc (viii.3) Effective Buried Length for mesh voltage, LM (viii.4) Effective Buried Length for step voltage, LS (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xvi) (xvii)
Soil Resistivityconsidered for design, r Surface Resistivity, rs

= = = = = = = = = = = =

6 4 3 4 160 10 1770 4110 5351.34 3259.50 242.5 4000 2.5 1 1 0.15 0.6

meter metre metre metre metre

W-metre W-metre

Spacing for Earthing Mat ,D Corrective weighting factor, Kii Reference Depth of grid, h0 Thickness of Concrete , hs Fault Current division factor (Sf)

metre

metre metre

Sheet 4 of 8

2.2) Calculation of Tolerable Etouch & Estep Voltage : a) Tolerable Etouch50 : From IEEE Std 80-2000 [(1000 + 1.5CS rS) 0.116/ tS ] Tolerable Etouch50= ( From eq.32of IEEE Std 80-2000 ) Where, Cs = Reduction factor for derating the nominal value of surface layer resistivity.
Cs = 1 - 0.09 [(1-r/rs)/(2hs + 0.09)]

( From eq.27 of IEEE Std 80-2000 )

= 0.7832 tS = Duration of shock current in seconds = 0.5 ( from clause 16.2.2 of IEEE Std 80-2000 ) Substituting the above values, Tolerable Etouch50 = 934.97 Volts

Cs

b) Tolerable Estep50 Substituting the values, Tolerable Estep50

[(1000 + 6CS rS) 0.116/ tS ]

(from eq.29 of IEEE Std 80-2000)

3247.72 Volts

2.3) Calculation of Grid Resistance, Rg : As per Eq.53 of IEEE Std 80-2000, R1 R2 - Rm2 The total system resistance, Rg Where, R1 R2 Rm = R1 + R2 - 2Rm = = = Ground resistance of grid conductors in Ground resistance of all ground rods in Mutual ground resistance between the group of grid conductors, R1 and group of ground rods, R2 in

Ground resistance of the grid, R1 r2 R1 = p Lc Where,

r

2 Lc ln a' +

k1 Lc - k2 A From eq.54 of IEEE Std 80-2000

Lc a' 2a A k1 k2 R1

= = = = = = = =

Soil Resistivity in -m Total length of all connected grid conductors in m a.2h for conductors buried at depth h in m Diameter of conductor in m Area covered by conductors in m2 Coefficient from fig 25(a) of IEEE Std 80-2000

240 2018

ohm-m m

0.1300 m 0.0320 m 2 2800 m 1.043

Coefficient from fig 25(b) of IEEE Std 80-2000 4.313 Coefficient K1 and k2 of schwarz's fromula IEEE Std 80-2000 ) 1.7334

Sheet 5 of 8

Ground resistance of the rod bed, R2 From eq.55 of IEEE Std 80-2000
r

4 LR ln -1 + b

2 k1 . Lr ( n R - 1 )2 A

R2

=
2p nRLR

Where, Lr 2b nR LR k1 R2 = = = = = = length of each rod in m diameter of rod in m number of rods placed in area A Total length of ground rods 0.017 10 0.032 177 1770 1.043 m m

Coefficient from fig 25(a) of IEEE Std 80-2000

Mutual ground resistance between the grid and the rod bed, R m From eq.56 of IEEE Std 80-2000
r

2 Lc ln + Lr

k1 Lc - k2 + 1 A

Rm

=
p Lc

Rm = 1.6068 Subtituting the above values, Rg = 1.7443 2.4) Calculation of Maximum Ground Potential Rise : Max. Ground potential above remote earth, GPR Where, IG = grid current If x Sf =

IG x RG

Volts

IG Substituting the values, Ground Potential Rise, GPR

18.9 KA

32967.72 Volts

Since, GPR > Estep50 (as per Figure 33 of IEEE Std 80-2000),calculate Attainable Emesh and Attainable Estep voltages 2.5) Calculation of Attainable Emesh Voltage : From Eq.80 of IEEE Std 80-2000, for Grid rods in the periphery,
Emesh = [ r Km Ki IG / LM ]

Lr LM = Lc + 1.55+1.22 Lx+L Where, Lr Lx Ly = = =

2 2 y

LR

From eq.91 of IEEE Std 80-2000

Length of each ground rod Maximum length of grid conductor in x-direction = Maximum length of grid conductor in y-direction =

10 70 40

m m m

Sheet 6 of 8

IG Ki

= =

grid current corrective Factor,

= = =

18.9 3.85 1770 m

LR = Total length of ground rods Subtituting the above values, LM = 5351.34 m

As per Eq.81 of IEEE Std 80-2000, the Spacing Factor for Mesh Voltage, 1 Km =
2p

D2 ln 16hd +

(D + 2h)2 8Dd

h + 4d

Kii ln Kh
p(2n-1)

Equ. Diameter of Earth conductor, d Kh = 1 + h / h0 Kh No. of Parallel Paths, n Where, From eq.85 to 88 of IEEE Std 80-2000 na (2 Lc)/Lp = 0.7 A Lx Ly

0.0400 metre

( From eq.83 of IEEE Std 80-2000 ) = = 1.26 na nb nc nd (From eq.84 of IEEE Std 80-2000) Lp nb = 4 A Lx Ly nc = A Dm nd = L2x + L2y

Where, Lp Dm = = Peripheral length of the grid = = 220 80.6 m m Maximum distance between any two points on the grid Substituting the above values, na nc n = = = 21.27 1 21.69 nb nd = = = 1.020 1.00 22 Rounded of to nearest digit

As per Eq.89 of IEEE 80-2000, The corrective Factor, Ki

= =

0.644 + ( 0.148 x n ) 3.85 0.1433 473.07 Volts

From eq.89of IEEE Std 80-2000

Substituting the values, Km AttainableEmesh Voltage = =

Sheet 7 of 8

2.6) Calculation of Attainable Estep voltage : From Eq.92 of IEEE Std 80-2000,
Attainable Estep = [ r Ks Ki IG / LS ]

From eq.92 of IEEE Std 80-2000

As per Eq.94 of IEEE Std 80-2000, the Spacing Factor for Step Voltage, 1 Ks =
P 2h

1 +

1 + D+h

1 (1 - 0.5n-2) D = = = = = 22 22 0.644 + ( 0.148 x n ) 3.85 0.4955 From eq.94of IEEE Std 80-2000

No. of Parallel paths, n n As per Eq.89 of IEEE 80-2000, The corrective Factor, Ki Ki Ks As per Eq.93 of IEEE Std 80-2000, Ls Lc LR Ls = = = = 0.75 Lc + 0.85 LR

From eq.93of IEEE Std 80-2000 Total length of all connected grid conductors in m Total length of ground rods 3259.5 m

Substituting the values, Attainable Estep 3. CONCLUSION : Tolerable Etouch Attainable Emesh Tolerable Estep Attainable Estep =

2685.14 Volts

934.97 Volts

473.07 Volts

3247.72 Volts

2685.14 Volts 1.74432392 ohms SAFE

Grid Resistance =

1) From the above results,it can be seen that the Attainable Emesh and Attainable Estep voltages are less than the Tolerable Etouch and Tolerable Estep voltages. 2) The grid resistance is less than 1 ohm. 3) Hence the design value of conductor size and length of conductor are adiquate and safe. 4) Buried earth mat conductor size - 32MM Dia Ms rod

Sheet 8 of 8